• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 2009

In this study, quantitative and pattern recognition analyses for the quality evaluation of Herba Epimedii using HPLC was developed. For quantitative analysis, five major bioactive constituents, hyperin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin were determined. Analysis was carried out on Capcell pak $C_{18}$ column ($250{\time}4.6$ mm, 5 ${\mu}m$) with a mobile phase of mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, using UV detection at 270 nm. The linear behavior was observed over the investigated concentration range (2-50 ${\mu}g/mL;\;r_2\;>$ 0.99) for all analytes. The intraand inter-day precisions were lower than 4.3% (as a relative standard deviation, RSD) and accuracies between 95.1% and 104.4%. The HPLC analytical method for pattern recognition analysis was validated by repeated analysis of one reference sample. The RSD of intra- and inter-day variation of relative retention time (RRT) and relative peak area (RPA) of the 12 selected common peaks were below 0.8% and 4.7%, respectively. The developed methods were applied to analysis of twenty Herba Epimedii extract samples. Contents of hyperin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and icariin were calculated to be 0$\sim$0.79, 0.69$\sim$1.91, 0.93$\sim$9.58, 0.65$\sim$3.05, and 2.43$\sim$11.8 mg/g dried plant. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most samples were clustered together with the reference samples but several apart from the main cluster in the PC score plot, indicating differences in overall chemical composition between two clusters. The present study suggests that quantitative determination of marker compounds combined with pattern-recognition method can provide a comprehensive approach for the quality assessment of herbal medicines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.2 s.35
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• pp.71-77
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• 2007

This research proposes the U-drawing information system (U-DIS) based on risk assessment. One of the most outstanding features of U-DIS is to perform the Quantitative Risk Assessment directly on the screen utilizing the Process Information. U-DIS revolutionizes the existing way to do a risk assessment and helps finding information more efficiently and simply. It is designed to open all CAD drawing files on the web-based environment without having the CAD S/W installed on the PC. The U terminal platform in U-DIS supports IPv6 and wireless broadband network and U-DIS can be accessible through a sensor or personal authorization. This results in providing a systematic safety enhancement tool considering not only the operation of the process but also its risk level in the equipment industry. Additionally to aid the decision making process it offers comprehensive and thorough information based on engineering technical theory.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-54
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types: one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative. health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area: 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated. health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation due to the characterstics of each variable and analyzed for impacting factors with relation to the using multiple regression analysis using SPSS PC program, especially using t -test method in order to compare each type of health care management. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. The common sickness management is the most accomplished item in health care area of occupational health care services, while the preventive care and control for the workers who have serious health problems are insufficient in workers health care area. 3. An insufficient accomplishment of overall health education has been shown because it is difficult to perform health education due to almost no chance of the direct introduction at workplaces. Therefore a strong support system for making and supplying the media is necessary in order to activate indirect health education by means of media. 4. Because health care managers and the agencies managers where take the workplaces for this study are almost nurses who have been comparatively high work site rounding rate about an environmental management at the workplaces, that non-profession can also do it, the activities about the professional area not enough. Therefore, an appropriate referral system should be established in order to complement professional area. 5. Two factors which have an effect on the coverage rate of occupational health care services are : one is those from the workplaces such as type of services, the number of workers, the number of harzadous factors and safety & health committee, the other from health care organization about whether there is its own manager or not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.181-195
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of body exposure and color of a woman's suit on the perception of modesty, and 2) the effect of perceiver's sex and age on impression formed by the function of clothing variables. The instrument of this study consisted of a response scale and stimuli. Thirteen items of 7-point semantic differential scales were developed to measure the perceiver's impression on wearer's modesty. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing one of 8 types of suit constructed by a 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design. The manipulation of each level of the clothing variables were: color of the suit by black and red, leg exposure by varying skirt lengths to a Chanel-line and mini skirt, and neck exposure by shirt collar blouse and scarf. Two models, representing typical female college students living in Seoul, were selected to eliminate model effect. The sample include 384 subjects, consisting of 4 groups of male and female college students and middle aged men and women. Eight experimental groups were randomly assigned to one of eight stimuli based on between-subject design. One half of each group responded to model 1 and the other half to model 2 of same stimulus. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed (pc model, Varimax rotation) to identify factors constructing impression of modesty. Two factors emerged regard­less of subgroups; Elegance and Extroversion factor. The first factor was found to be dominant, accounting for 60 percent of the total variance. The other accounted for just 11 percent. Multidimensional ANOVA (5-way, 3-way) was conducted to test the effect of the clothing variables against two factors identified from the factor analysis. Leg exposure was the most powerful variable affecting the impression of Elegance and Extroversion factor for all per. ceiver subgroups. Neck exposure had primary effect on the impression of Elegance, whereas it partially influenced that of Extroversion. Color of suit had only partial effect on the impression of Extroversion. Hypothesis I was partially supported from the findings above. The effect of perceiver's age and sex on impression by the function of clothing variables was tested by comparing the result between four subgroups. In forming an impression of the wearer's modesty, male college students were least affected by the manipulation of clothing variables, while middle aged males were affected most. In the female groups, there was no age difference and they fell between the male groups in the degree to which they were affected. Hypothesis II was supported only by age difference in two male groups, and by sex difference in two student groups.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to design, construct, and test a greenhouse monitoring system fur the environment and status of control devices in a greenhouse from a remote site using internet. The measuring items selected out of many environmental factors were temperature, humidity, solar radiation, CO$_2$, SOx, NOx concentration, EC, pH of nutrient solution, the state of control devices, and the image of greenhouse. The developed greenhouse monitoring system was composed of the network system and the measuring module. The network system consists of the three kinds of monitors named the Croup Monitor. the Client Monitor and the Server Monitor. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The measuring module named the House Monitor. which is used to watch the state of the control device and the environment of the greenhouse, was developed to a embedded monitoring module using one chip microprocessor 2. For all measuring items. the House Monitor showed a satisfactory accuracy within the range of ${\pm}$0.3%FS. The House Monitors were connected to the Croup Monitor by communication method of RS-485 type and could operate under power and communication fault condition within 10 hours. The Croup Monitor was developed to receive and display measurement data received from the House Monitors and to control the greenhouse environmental devices. 3. The images of the plants inside greenhouse were captured by PC camera and sent to the Group Monitor. The greenhouse manager was able to monitor the growth state of plants inside greenhouse without visiting individual greenhouses. 4. Remote monitoring the greenhouse environment and status of control devices was implemented in a client/server environment. The client monitor of the greenhouse manager at a remote site or other greenhouse manager was able to monitor the greenhouse environment and the state of control devices from the Server Monitor using internet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.65-67
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• 2002

A PC based software, the RTP Research Tool Box (RTB), was developed for IMRT optimization research. The software was consisted of an image module, a beam registration module, a dose calculation module, a dose optimization module and a dose display module. The modules and the Graphical User Interface (GUI) were designed to easily amendable by negotiating the speed of performing tasks. Each module can be easily replaced to new functions for research purpose. IDL 5.5 (RSI, USA) language was used for this software. Five major modules enable one to perform the research on the dose calculation, on the dose optimization and on the objective function. The comparison of three cost functions, such as the uncomplicated tumor control probability (UTCP), the physical objective function and the pseudo-biological objective function, which was designed in this study, were performed with the RTB. The optimizations were compared to the simulated annealing and the gradient search optimization technique for all of the optimization objective functions. No significant differences were found among the objective functions with the dose gradient search technique. But the DVH analysis showed that the pseudo-biological objective function is superior to the physical objective function when with the simulated annealing for the optimization.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop an imaging processing system of inoculation processing of a lily callus. The image processing system was composed of a camera, a image processing board, and etc. And the illuminance always decided by setting up 55W/3 wavelength lamp respectively on all aspects and the side was maintained by the lighting part. The image characteristic was examined according to each frame of RGB,therefore the culture vessel was able to be separated with B frame. The required time was 2.2 seconds in one cycle from the image acquisition to obtaining the result. The recognition rate of the container was 100%, and the result of image processing showed that the recognition success rate of lily callus was 93%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate gender equality consciousness among elementary school teachers and the 6th graders at 3 rural area in Korea. Methods: There were 78 teachers and 323 6th graders from five elementary schools in Y area in Jeonnam province. The data was collected with 3 structured self-reported questionnaire from June to July 2003. The instrument, which was developed by Korean Women Development Institute to test gender equality consciousness, was composed of 20-items (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .87 in teachr group; Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = .83 in children group) with four subcategories: family life, school life, business life, and social life. The data was analyzed by a one-way ANOVA and t-test using SPSS/PC+. Results: 1. Teachers' gender equality consciousness: The teachers' gender equality consciousness was significantly more affirmative in females (t = 5.313, p = .001) and in the younger teacher group (F = 24.710, p = .001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference according to marital status. The differences in all four subcategories were also significantly affirmative in the female and younger teacher group. 2. Students' gender equality consciousness: The gender equality consciousness among the 6th graders was somewhat different from the teachers'. School girls (t = 8.988, p = .001) and children from double income families (t = 3.171, p = .042) were more affirmative in gender equality consciousness than the other groups. In the four sub-categories, school girls were also significantly more affirmative in all four subcategories. On the other hand, according to the family income source, the children from double income families also tended to be more affirmative only in the subcategory of family life (t = 3.196, p = .042) Conclusions: Gender equality consciousness is remarkably different according to gender both in Korean elementary school teachers and in school children. Age was a key variable in teachers for gender equality consciousness. Further research in gender equality consciousness of parents, school principals and urban school population would be useful. In order to promote gender equality consciousness, various educational materials and a mass education campaign should be developed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.977-987
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on sensory' motor development and adaptive behavior of cerebral palsy children. The design of this study was quasi experiments with a non-equivalent pre- and post-test control design. Subjects of the study were arbitrarily chosen based on predetermined selection criteria among the cerebral palsy children who were treated as out-patients at two rehabilitation hospitals one in Seoul, and the other in Kyunggi-do. The study was conducted between early April and late July in 2000. Fifteen children were in the experimental group and eleven in the control group. The allocation was done based on ease of experimental treatment. A five-step SIT program was devised from a combination of SIT programs suggested by Ayres(1985) and Finks(1989), and an author-designed SIT program for cerebral palsy children. The experimental group was subjected to 20 to 30 minutes of SIT per session. two sessions a week for ten -week period. The effects of SIT were measured with respect to 9 sub-areas that can be administered to cerebral palsy children out of a total of 17 sub-areas in the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT) developed by Ayres (1980). In addition. the scale developed by Russell (1993) for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). and Perception Motor Development Test developed by 中司利一 et al.(1987) were also applied. Adaptive behavior was analyzed using guidelines in two unpublished documents - School-Age Checklist for Occupational Therapy by the Wakefield Occupational Therapy Associates, and the OTA-Watertown Clinical Assessment by the Watertown Occupational Therapy Associates-, and an author-developed Adaptive Behavior Checklist. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. In sensory development, the experimental group exhibited a score increase compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, Although the experimental group showed improvements in all. 9 sub-areas compared to the control group, only right-left discrimination exhibited statistically significant change. 2. In gross motor development, the experimental group showed improvements in score compared to the control group, but it was not statistically significant. In fine motor development, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group. In sub-area analysis, figure synthesis showed positive change. 3. In adaptive behavior development, post-experimental adaptive behavior scores were higher compared to pre-experimental scores with statistical significance. Furthermore, sub-areas emotional behavior, perception behavior, gross-fine motor function, oral-respiration function, motor behavior, motor planning, and adaptive response exhibited higher scores after SIT. In conclusion SIT was found to be partially effective in sensory and fine motor development, effective in all adaptive behavior areas, and not effective in gross motor development. Thus, this study has shown that SIT is an effective intervention for sensory development, fine motor development, and adaptive behavior for cerebral palsy children. But, for the effectiveness of SIT on gross motor development, further studies employing longer-time experiments are recommended.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1476-1482
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• 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of swimming training on response of lipid peroxide (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity of hyperlipidemic rats. Twenty-five male SD rats (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into a control group and 4 swimming groups after hyperlipidemia induction for 4 weeks through a 1% cholesterol diet. Swimming groups were then divided into unloaded swimming group, low-loaded swimming group, moderate-loaded swimming group and high-loaded swimming group by swimming intensity, and made to swim for 6 weeks (6 days/week). The loaded swimming group rats among the swimming groups swam a lead weight equivalent to 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% of body weight attached to the base of the tail. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using an SPSS/$PC^+$ program, and to evaluate the differences between groups, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test (${\alpha}$=0.05) was performed to test the significant levels of differences between groups. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows: 1) all swimming groups had significantly lower levels of MDA than the control group (p<0.001). Among the swimming groups, the moderate-loaded group had a significantly lower level than the unloaded group, low-loaded group and high-loaded group (p<0.001). 2) all swimming groups had significantly higher levels of SOD than the control group (p<0.01). Among swimming groups, the unloaded group, moderate-loaded group and high-loaded group had significantly higher levels than the low-loaded group (p<0.01).