• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 1999

The meaning of the study is in the following points. The first is to find the linguistic development of children through IQ test. The second is to find the family fostering factor for the linguistic development. For these meaning this study will have the following aims. 1) To judge the similarly agreement between the children lexical ability with the teachers evaluation to the children. 2) To compare the gender differences of lexical abilities between the urban with the rural. 3) To find the family fostering factors for the children linguistic development. The collection data has been from April 13, 1999 to April 27. The subjects for this study were two grade of elementary school, which is located in "K" city and "O"rural a chosen students(273), teachers(5), parents(176). The instruments used for this study were IQ test by Korea Behavioral Science institute and family fostering environment 25 items. Teachers linguistic evaluation. The data analysis was done using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS/pc program. This study found following results. 1) The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers comprehending evaluation maler r= .745, female r=0.809 The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers expressing evaluation, male r= .657, female r= .797(P<.01) 2) In comparing of the gender difference of urban, the femail is a little high than male(t= .5065), but the especial point is more large difference in male than in female. In comparing of the gender difference of rural, the female is especial high than the male(t=-4.411). (P<.01) 3) The higher factor of influencing the linguistic development is the breast-feeding(r=-.3279) in all the gender(P<.01), So that the brast-feeding better than cow's milk, mother better than the other family members in feeding, 6~8months better than one or two years in feeding term.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.363-373
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• 1995

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare observer performance between conventional radiographs and their digitized images for the detection of bone loss in the bifurcation of mandiblar first molar. One dried human mandible with minimal periodontal bone loss around the first molar was selected and serially enlarged 17 step defects were prepared in the bifurcation area. The mandible was radiographed with exposure time of 0.12, 0.20, 0.25, 0.32, 0.40, 0.64 seconds, after each successive step in the preperation and all radiographs were digitized with IBM-PC/32 bit-Dx compatible, video camera (VM-S8200, Hitachi Co., Japan), and color monitor(Multisync 3D, NEC, Japan). Sylvia Image Capture Board for the ADC(analog to digital converter) was used. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the conventional radiographs, the mean score of the readability was higher at the condition of exposure time with 0.32 second. Also, as the size of artificial lesion was increased, the readability of radiographs was elevated (P<0.05). 2. In the digital images, the mean score of the readability was higher at the condition of exposure time with 0.40 second. Also, as the size of artificial lesion was increased, the readability of digital images was elevated(P<0.05). 3. At the same exposure time, the mean scores of readibility were mostly higher in the digitized images. As the exposure time was increased, the digital images were superior to radiographs in readability. 4. As the size of lesion was changed, the digital images were superior to radiographs in detecting small lesion. 5. The coefficient of variation of mean score has no significant difference between digital images and radiographs.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1994

As the hospital environment is changing rapidly, management is therefore obligated to use new ways to provide better service to patients. For example information system is introduced to some hospitals in Korea. Information system has several benefits such a soperational efficiency by on-line delivery and processing of data, accurate and rapid information production, continuous monitoring of performance and feedback, improvement of work process and better service quality. Still, many hospitals cannot be sure that information system is useful for improving organization performance. Because only one or two area of hospital information system were considered for development and with limited development hospital information system cannot be used effectively. The purpose of this study is to suggest the model of information system utilizaton and to analyze the hospital in formation system in Korea. The results are following; 1. In Korea, proportion of operating system of comuter is 31% of UNIX, 11% of IBM OS and 10% of PC LAN. 2. As we expect, scope of application software and amounts of heardware and software invest ments are affected by concern of CEO. 3. Many CIO(chief information officer) say that the biggest problems are lack of after-service and obsolescence of computer equipments in terms of hardware and shortage of application software for hospital in terms of software. 4. Personnel of information system department is so small that hospital information system can't be improved. 5. During the development of information system, full-time participation of end user is only 20% hospital with almost less than 12 person-month. This study was accomplished by survey through mail questionnaires. Response to the survey was only 55% and it was hard to generalize all the result obtained from this survey. However, We hope that this study would be helpful for helth care organization to acknowlege hospital information system in korea and to design the future architecture and frame of information system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2001

Objectives : To examine the screening rate of cervical cancer in women and to find out the predictive factors for participation in cervical cancer screening programs within their life-time and within the last two years. Methods : The data was based on self-reported questionnaires from 1,613 women whose ages ranged from 26 to 60 years; this survey was peformed between December 1999 and January 2000. This study analyzed the predictive factors for participation in cervical cancer screening programs within their life-time and within the last two years. A logistic regression analysis was performed in order to derive the significant variables from the predisposing factors(demographic factor, health promotion behavior, reproductive factor), intervention factors(information channel, relation with medical stan, and proximal factors(attitude, social influence, self-efficacy). All analyses were peformed by the PC-SAS 6.12. Results : Our analyses showed that the screening rate for the women who received a cervical cancer screening(Pap smear) more than once within their life-time was 56.1% while those who had received one within the last two years was 34.5%. The significant factors for participation in cervical cancer screening program within their life-time were their income, married age, health promotion score, relation with medical staffs, social influence, and self-efficacy. On the other hand, age, number of pregnancies, menarche age, relation with medical staffs, social influences, and self-efficacy were significant factors for those being screened within the last two years. The predictive power of the logit model within their life-time was 68.8% and that within the last two years was 66.6%. Conclusion : The predictive factors for participation in cervical cancer screening program within their life-time are different from those for within the last two years. and that women's relations with medical staffs and social influences were the critical factors impacting on cervical cancer screening rates.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.359-372
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• 2001

The study was intended to investigate the bothersome level of premenstrual symptoms, their pattern and to examine the relationships between menstrual attitude and the premenstrual symptoms. Two hundred sixty eight female students were recruited from a college located in Kyungido from March 1, 2001 to July 1, 2001. A general characteristics questionnaires, the premenstrual assessment form(PAF) and the menstrual distress questionnaire(MDQ) were used to measure the bothersome level of the premenstrual symptoms and the menstrual attitude. The data were analyzed by SPSS-PC+ program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. All subject who were participated in the research reported more than one symptom in premenstrual period and the mean score of total categories in PAF was low(1.89). The subject had more symptoms of fatigue, abdominal bloating and discomfort, backache and muscle stiffness and among the 21 categories fatigue feature, hysteroid feature, water retention feature and miscellaneous mood/behavior change feature were prevalent. On the other hand organic mental feature and increased well-being feature were rare that premenstrual symptom has negative aspect than positive. 2. Degree of discomfort in premenstrual symptom was related with dysmenorrhea but other general characteristics. 3. In Menstruation attitude, the student in college recognized menstruation as natural but bothersome and causes negatives effects on body and emotion. 4. There were significant correlation(r=.395, p<0.000) between premenstrual symptom and level of Menstrual attitude. 5. Menstrual attitude explained 15.3% variance of PMS and five categories of menstrual attitude, especially factor 1(menstruation is a phenomena that weakens women physically and psychologically) was most highly correlated with PMS and explained 21.1% variance of PMS.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of long-term(6 Month) aquatic exercise through home nursing care demonstration on body weight, body fat, pain, muscle strength, self-efficacy and quality of life. Twenty-one women with rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in the study. The sample was restricted to women in order to increase homogeneity. All patients were stable medication regimens in rheumatism center. The data was collected from October, 1994 to November, 1995. The data were analyzed Mean, Standard Deviation, $x^2$ Test, Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon Rank Sum W Test, Wilcoxon Matched-pairs signed-ranks test using SPSS $pc^+$ program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on body weight. 2. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on body fat. 3. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on pain(RAI). 4. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on muscle strength. 5. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on quality of life. But in the experimental group, finding from additional analysis showed significant difference in the score of quality of life between pre and post experiment. 6. There was no significant difference between the control and the experimental group on self-efficacy. The findings in this study were not support the positive effect of long-term aquatic exercise in women with rheumatoid arthritis. A further study is necessary to determine the pure effect of aquatic exercise except the effect of home nursing care.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2821-2826
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• 2016

Implementation of no tobacco policies in schools is associated with lower tobacco use among teachers and students. In this study we assessed the extent that a school-based intervention for teachers resulted in adoption and implementation of tobacco control policies. From a random sample of government schools ($8^{th}-10^{th}$), 72 were randomized into intervention and control conditions. Intervention included health education programs for teachers and support for tobacco control policy implementation. Adoption and implementation of policies were assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention. All 36 intervention and one control school adopted a tobacco-control policy. Higher enforcement of tobacco-control policy was at post intervention (OR=3.26; CI: 2.35, 4.54) compared to baseline in intervention schools. Some 64% of intervention and 28% control schools showed "improvement" in policy implementation. Adoption and implementation of no tobacco policies was positively impacted by intervention. This study provides support for scaling up of school-based tobacco control interventions to promote school tobacco control policies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.345-358
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• 1996

All human health behavior is deeply rooted one's beliefs or value system usually encompassed within the culture in which they live. The Taegyo, based on Oriental folk medicine, is defined as the behavior and self care of pregnant women administered for herself and her fetus(unborn child). Taegyo is believed to be desirable, effective, and healthy behavior by most of Korean pregnant women. It is essential in our contemporary culture, to ascertain what the components of Taegyo are and to integrate them into current, western nursing care, particularly in the area of prenatal care. 910 Korean women were the subjects of this study, who were in a gestation period of pregnancy between 10 weeks to three months postpartum. The subjects were selected by clustered smpling from 10 representative cities in Korea. Data was collected from February 10 to March 30 1995 by a constructed Questionnaire which consisted of 95 items. The questionnaire was developed through three steps such as content analysis, calculation of content validity index, and pretest. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and rotated matrix factor analysis with pc-SAS. The mean age of the subjects was 28.9 years : 36.5％ of them were employed and the mean income per month was about 2000 dollars. The component of Taegyo was clustered into five factors such as fetus psychological stability(equity), fetus personality development, maternal-fetal interaction, fetus intellectual development and physical health promotion. The variance of each factor were 23.7％, 8.3％, 4. 7％, 4.1％, and 3.3％ respectively in that order. The Eigen value of each factor was 13.03, 4.57, 2.60, 2.23, and l.83 respectively. It was found that the Taegyo is an unique and holistic self care behavior of Korean pregnant women. Therefore it has been concluded that this study has broadened the understandability of the implications the Taegyo. It is suggested that further studies on the effects of the Taegyo are needed to provide a scientific basis for professional maternity nursing.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.2 s.37
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• pp.449-474
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro shear bond strengths to enamel and the failure sites of three ceramic brackets and one metal bracket in combination with light cured orthodontic adhesive. The brackets were divided into four groups. Each ceramic bracket group had different bonding mechanisms with adhesive. Group A; metal bracket with foil-mesh base (control group) Group B; ceramic bracket with micromechanical retention Group C; ceramic bracket with chemical bonding Group D; ceramic bracket with mechanical retention and chemical bonding. Forty extracted human lower first premolars were prepared for bonding and 10 brackets for each group were bonded to prepared enamel surfaces with $Transbond^{\circledR}$ light cured ortho dontic adhesive. Twenty four hours after bonding, the Instron universal testing machine was used to test the shear bond strength of brackets to enamel. After debonding, brackets and enamel surfaces were examined under stereoscopic microscope to determine the failure sites, Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with ANOVA test and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test using SPSS PC+. The results were as follows. 1 . There were statistically significant differences in mean shear bond strengths of three ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). Shear bond strengths of group C and D were significantly higher than that of group B and shear bond strength of group C was significantly higher than that of group D. 2. Group C and D both had significantly higher shear bond strengths than metal bracket (group A), but there were no significant differences in shear bond strengths between group A and B (p < 0.05). 3. The failure sites of four bracket groups were also different. Group C and D failed primarily at enamel-adhesive interface, but group A and B failed primarily at bracket base-adhesive interface. 4. Among all ceramic bracket groups, group B was very similar to metal bracket in the aspect of shear bond strength and failure site.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

Over online education based on wired Internet technologies, due to recent development of various mobile technologies, education based on mobile environment becomes popular. In the meanwhile, the young students are more interested in game-based education that provides more interaction and instant feedback than one-way cramming education. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a new motivation model for mobile environment and apply the model to the elementary school students. The proposed model, based on Keller's motivation model, is designed to increase study effects through motivating students with various game strategies. The proposed motivation model has the following characteristics. First of all, the best game genre can be provided for each study theme in early planning stage. Second, the model can allow students to have more interests in their study activity by providing various edutainment elements. Third, a stage of producing game synopsis and concrete scenario is included in motivation model. The stage enables more complete combination of game and mobile motivation strategies. Finally, the proposed model allows contents developed to be appled in teaching plan without any refinement. That is, the model allows a teaching plan to be extracted from study contents instantly.