• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

In this study, different proportions of glass beads used for road marking were added into the concrete samples to reduce the temperature gradient through the concrete pavement thickness. It is well known that decreasing the temperature gradient reduces the risk of thermal cracking and increases the service life of concrete pavement. The extent of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) produced with partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass bead was investigated and compressive strength of concrete samples with different proportion of glass bead in their mix designs were measured in this study. Ideal results were obtained with less than 0.850 mm diameter size glass beads were used (19 % by total weight of aggregate) for C30/37 class concrete. Top and bottom surface temperatures of two different C30/37 strength class concrete slabs with and without glass beads were measured. It was identified that, using glass bead in concrete mix design, reduces the temperature differences between top and bottom surfaces of concrete pavement. The study presented herein provides important results on the necessity of regulating concrete road mix design specifications according to regions and climates to reduce the temperature gradient values which are very important in concrete road design.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1521-1528
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• 1994

To improve mechanical strength of bioglass, it is considered to use the glass as a coating material to alumina, but the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between two materials is too high to make a good coating. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to find out proper glass composition matching its thermal expansion coefficient to that of alumina without losing biocompatibility. In the present work, various glasses were prepared by substituting B2O3 and CaO for Na2O in the glass system of 55.1%SiO2-2.6%P2O5-20.1%Na2O-13.3%CaO-8.9%CaF2 (in mole%), and the thermal expansion property and reaction property in tris-buffer solution for the resulting glasses were measured. The thermal expansion coefficient of the glass was decreased with the substitution of B2O3 for Na2O, and it became close to that of alumina in the glass in which 8 mole% of CaO was substituted for Na2O. Hydroxyapatite formation was enhanced and silica rich layer thickness was decreased with B2O3 substitution for Na2O. CaO substitution for Na2O didn't deteriorated the hydroxyapatite development.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2016

The successful completion of the present research would be achieved using ground waste glass (GWG) microparticles in self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Here, the influences of GWG microparticles as cementing material on mechanical and durability response properties of SCC are investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the hardened mechanical properties, percentage of water absorption, free drying shrinkage, unit weight and Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) of binary blended concrete with partial replacement of cement by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt% of GWG microparticles. Besides, slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, J-ring, GTM screen stability, visual stability index (VSI), setting time and air content tests were also performed as workability of fresh concrete indicators. The results show that the workability of fresh concrete was increased by increasing the content of GWG microparticles. The results showed that using GWG microparticles up to maximum replacement of 15 % produces concrete with improved hardened strengths. From the results, when the amount of GWG increased there was a gradual decrease in ASR expansion. Results showed that it is possible to successfully produce SCC with GWG as cementing material in terms of workability, durability and hardened properties.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a regression model to predict the International Roughness Index(IRI) and Surface Distress(SD) for the estimation of HPCI using Expressway Pavement Management System(PMS). METHODS : To develop an HPCI prediction model, prediction models of IRI and SD were developed in advance. The independent variables considered in the models were pavement age, Annual Average Daily Traffic Volume(AADT), the amount of deicing salt used, the severity of Alkali Silica Reaction(ASR), average temperature, annual temperature difference, number of days of precipitation, number of days of snowfall, number of days below zero temperature, and so on. RESULTS : The present IRI, age, AADT, annual temperature differential, number of days of precipitation and ASR severity were chosen as independent variables for the IRI prediction model. In addition, the present IRI, present SD, amount of deicing chemical used, and annual temperature differential were chosen as independent variables for the SD prediction model. CONCLUSIONS : The models for predicting IRI and SD were developed. The predicted HPCI can be calculated from the HPCI equation using the predicted IRI and SD.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2016

In this work, we synthesize brilliant yellow color ${\alpha}$-FeOOH by controlling the rod length and core-shell structure. The characteristics of ${\alpha}$-FeOOH nanorods are controlled by the reaction conditions. In particular, the length of the ${\alpha}$-FeOOH rods depends on the concentration of the raw materials, such as the alkali solution. The length of the nanorods is adjusted from 68 nm to 1435 nm. Their yellowness gradually increases, with the highest $b^*$ value of 57 based on the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Lab system, by controlling the nanorod length. A high quality yellow color is obtained after formation of a silica coating on the ${\alpha}$-FeOOH structure. The morphology and the coloration of the nal products are investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and the CIE Lab color parameter measurements.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.423-436
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• 2014

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) is widely used as an effective partial cement replacement material. GGBFS inclusion has already been proven to improve several performance characteristics of concrete. GGBFS provides enhanced durability, including high resistance to chloride penetration and protection against alkali silica reaction. In this paper results of an experimental research work on influence of low-reactivity GGBFS (which is largely available in Iran) on the properties of mortars and concretes are reported. In the first stage, influence of GGBFS replacement level and fineness on the compressive strength of mortars was investigated using Taguchi method. The analysis of mean (ANOM) statistical approach was also adopted to develop the optimal conditions. Next, based on the obtained results, concrete mixtures were designed and water penetration, capillary absorption, surface resistivity, and compressive strength tests were carried out on highstrength concrete specimens at different ages up to 90 days. The results indicated that 7-day compressive strength is adversely affected by GGBFS inclusion, while the negative effect is less evident at later ages. Also, it was inferred that use of low-reactivity GGBFS (at moderate levels such as 20% and 30%) can enhance the impermeability of high-strength concrete since 28 days age.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2003

다양한 유해성 화학물질들이 콘크리트의 설치환경에 따라 외부로부터 유입될 수 있다. 해수에 의한 콘크리트의 성능저하 현상은 해수의 다양한 화학성분에 의한 복잡한 작용이 연관되어 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 주요 해수 성분의 영향으로 인한 콘크리트 성능저하에 관련된 이차광물의 형성에 따른 광물학적, 미세 구조적 변화 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 부산경남의 해안지역의 기존 콘크리트 구조물들에서 성능저하특징을 관찰하고 콘크리트 시료를 채취하였다. 채취된 시료에 대한 암석학적분석과 XRD 및 SEM/EDAX 분석을 실시하여 골재와 시멘트페이스트의 화학적, 광물학적, 미세구조적 변화를 해석하였다. NaCl, CaCl, $MgCl_2$ 및 $Na_2SO_4$용액을 사용한 실내 콘크리트 변질 실험을 실시하였다. 변질실험 결과를 기존 콘크리트 시료에 대한 분석 결과를 비교함으로서 해수의 주성분들이 콘크리트의 성능저하에의 영향과 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 해수의 알칼리성분들은 알칼리-골재 반응을 가속화하며, 콘크리트의 심한 팽창과 균열을 발생하는 알칼리-칼슘-실리카겔을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 탄산화작용은 다량의 비교결성의 방해석을 형성하여 시멘트페이스트를 약화시키고 있다. 또한, 탄산화작용은 그 진행 정도에 따라 일부 이차광물들의 성분과 안정도에 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 탄산화가 현저히 진행된 콘크리트에는 다량의 석고가 형성되었으나, 탄산화가 약하게 진행된 것에는 사우마사이트가 에트린자이트와 고용체를 형성하여 미세 균열을 발생하고 있다. 실험적으로, 에트린자이트는 염소의 유입으로 인하여 trichloroaluminate로 전이되거나 분해되는 것으로 나타났다. 해수의 Mg 이온은 비교결성의 브루사이트와 MSH (magnesium silicate hydrate)를 형성하여 시멘트 페이스트의 성능저하의 원인이 되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 청정기술
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 석탄과 유동사 그리고 응집가속물질인 수산화칼륨(KOH)을 혼합한 시료를 이용하여 다양한 조건에서 응집특성을 파악하였다. 응집실험은 전기로에서 수행하였으며 샘플시료는 두 가지 방법으로 제작하였다. 첫 번째 방법은 수산화칼륨 분말시료를 석탄과 유동사에 물리적으로 혼합하는 방법이며 두 번째 방법은 수산화칼륨을 수용액으로 만들어 석탄과 유동사에 혼합하여 만드는 방법으로 제작하였다. 물리적으로 혼합한 분말시료 실험조건의 경우 동일 반응시간인 2시간 조건에서 다양한 반응온도와 총 칼륨 함량에 따른 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 반응온도 및 총 칼륨 함량이 증가할수록 응집물 발생량이 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 수산화칼륨 수용액을 이용한 실험 조건은 일반적인 유동층 보일러의 운전온도인 880 ℃와 보일러 내 국부적인 고온 영역을 가정한 980 ℃ 조건에서 각각 수행하였다. 분말실험과 동일하게 반응시간 및 총 칼륨 함량 증가에 따라 생성되는 응집물 발생량을 파악하였다. 실험 결과 반응온도 880 ℃ 조건에서는 반응시간 증가에 따라 응집물 발생량 증가가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 국부적인 고온 영역을 가정한 980 ℃ 조건에서는 상대적으로 짧은 시간 안에 많은 양의 응집물이 발생하는 결과를 보였다. 응집물의 굳기는 칼륨 함량이 증가할수록 점점 단단해지는 특성을 나타내었다. 총 칼륨 함량이 1.37 wt.% 이하일 경우 두 반응온도 모두에서 굳기가 약해 약한 충격에도 부서지는 결과를 보였다. 추가적으로 SEM-EDS 분석을 통해 유동사 응집물과 재 응집물의 표면특성을 관찰하였다. 분석 결과 융동사 응집물과 재 응집물 내 결합 위치에서 다량의 칼륨 성분이 검출되었다. 이 결과를 통해 알칼리성분이 많아질 경우 공융화합물 형태의 응집이 발생할 가능성이 높음을 파악하였다

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 폐유리를 골재로 재활용하고자 폐유리와 산화 그래핀을 사용한 시멘트 모르타르의 압축강도 및 길이 변화율 등을 검토하였다. 3일 및 7일 압축강도는 일반 모래 대체용 폐유리 사용량이 증가할수록 상승하였다. 특히, 폐유리 사용량이 10~50% 범위일 경우, 압축강도는 큰 폭으로 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 더불어 폐유리 50% 조건에서도 산화 그래핀의 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 압축강도가 상승하였으며, 0.2%를 첨가하였을 때, 압축강도는 42.6 N/㎟ 이었다. 폐유리의 사용량이 증가됨에 따라 모르타르의 길이 변화율은 증가하였으나, 50% 이상에서는 길이변화율이 감소하는 경향도 나타내었다. 폐유리 사용량 50% 모르타르에서는 산화 그래핀 첨가량이 증가할수록 길이 변화율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 이는 산화 그래핀의 시멘트 수화반응 촉진작용과 이온이동 억제효과로 추정되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2007

With aids of square wave voltammetry (SWV) the redox behavior for various combination of polyvalent ions (Sb+Fe, Sb+Zn, Sb+Ce+Ti+Zn) was investigated in alkali-alkaline earth-silica CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) glass melts. The current-potential curve so called voltammogram was produced at temperature range of 1400 to $1000^{\circ}C$ under the scanned potential between 0 and -800 mV at 100 Hz. In the case of the Sb+Fe and Sb+Zn doped melts, peak for $Sb^{3+}/Sb^0$ shown voltammogram was shifted to negative direction comparing to the only Sb doped melts. However, according to voltammogram of Sb+Ce+Ti+Zn doped melt, Ti and Ce except Zn had hardly any influence on the redox reaction of Sb. Based on the temperature dependence of the peak potential, standard enthalpy (${\Delta}H^0$) and standard entropy (${\Delta}S^0$) for the reduction of $Fe^{3+}$ to $Fe^{2+}$, $Sb^{3+}$ to $Sb^0$, $Zn^{2+}$ to $Zn^0$ and $Ti^{2+}$ to $Ti^0$ in each polyvalent ion combination of CRT glass melts were calculated.