• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1812-1814
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• 1999

The effects of polarity of the polymer on transcription-aligned twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) on various the polyimide (PI) surfaces were investigated. The monodomain alignment of nematic (N)LC is obtained in cells fabricated by transcription alignment method on PI surface with medium polarity. The LC alignment using transcription alignment method is attributed to polarity of the polymer. The threshold voltage of transcription-aligned TN-LCD decreases with increasing the polarity of the polymer on three kinds of the PI surfaces. The threshold voltage of transcription-aligned TN-LCD on PI surface with high polarity is almost the same compared to rubbing-aligned TN-LCD. The response time of transcription-aligned TN-LCD decreases with the increasing the polarity of the polymer on all PI surfaces. The decay time of transcription-aligned TN-LCD is slow compared with the rubbing-aligned TN-LCD.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.524-527
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• 2014

We report a simple yet efficient method to assemble large-scale aligned graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with a width as small as 30 nm. The $V_2O_5$ nanowires (NWs) were aligned on a graphene surface via spraying a solution of the $V_2O_5$ NWs, and the graphene was selectively etched by the reactive ion etching method using the $V_2O_5$ NWs as a shadow mask. This process allowed us to prepare large scale patterns of the aligned GNRs on a $SiO_2$ substrate. The orientation of the aligned and randomly oriented GNRs was compared by the atomic force microscope (AFM) images. We achieved the highly aligned GNRs along the flow direction of the $V_2O_5$ NWs solution. Furthermore, we successfully fabricated a field effect-transistor with the aligned GNRs and measured its electrical properties. Since our method enable to prepare the aligned GNRs over a large area, it should open up new way for the various applications.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2016

We propose a model-based method for information alignment using educational standards as a case study. Discrepancies and inconsistencies in educational standards across different states/cities hinder the retrieval and sharing of educational resources. Unlike existing educational standards alignment systems that only give binary judgments (either "aligned" or "not-aligned"), our proposed system classifies each pair of educational standard statements in one of seven levels of alignments: Strongly Fully-aligned, Weakly Fully-aligned, Partially-$aligned^{***}$, Partially-$aligned^{**}$, Partially-$aligned^*$, Poorly-aligned, and Not-aligned. Such a 7-level categorization extends the notion of binary alignment and provides a finer-grained system for comparing educational standards that can broaden categories of resource discovery and retrieval. This study continues our previous use of mathematics education as a domain, because of its generally unambiguous concepts. We adopt a materialization pattern (MP) model developed in our earlier work to represent each standard statement as a verb-phrase graph and a noun-phrase graph; we align a pair of statements using graph matching based on Bloom's Taxonomy, WordNet, and taxonomy of mathematics concepts. Our experiments on data sets of mathematics educational standards show that our proposed system can provide alignment results with a high degree of agreement with domain expert's judgments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.545-548
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• 1999

The electro-optical characteristics of photo-aligned vertical-alignment (VA)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with non-polarized ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation of 45\`on homeotropic polyimide (Pl) surface were investigated. LC alignment on photo-aligned VA-LCD is attributed to photo-depolymerized reaction of the polymer with non-polarized UV light irradiation on PI surface. We had good voltage-transmittance (V-T) characteristics of photo-aligned VA-LCD. The response time of photo-aligned VA-LCD was slower than that of the rubbing-aligned VA-LCD. Finally, we suggest that the slow response time of photo-aligned VA-LCD depends on the LC domain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in electromyographic (EMG) activities of upper limb muscles between cross- and parallel-aligned taping and to compare the effects of these 2 taping methods in healthy adults. Thirty subjects, who volunteered for this study, were tested under 3 taping conditions in random order: (1) no taping, (2) cross-aligned taping, and (3) parallel-aligned taping. EMG activities of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, and extensor carpi radialis muscles were measured. All muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity among the 3 conditions (p<.05). In the post hoc test, biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity between the no taping and the cross-aligned taping conditions and between the no taping and the parallel-aligned taping conditions. Additionally, the EMG activities of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles appeared to be significantly different between the no taping and parallel-aligned taping conditions. These findings demonstrate that taping may be helpful for decreasing muscle activity, regardless of the direction of tape application. This study provides useful information to future researchers regarding the effects of taping on muscle activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.726-730
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• 2002

Electro-optical (EO) performances of the ion beam (IB) aligned twisted-nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with ion beam exposure on the new diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film surface were investigated. A good voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with oblique ion beam exposure on the DLC thin film surface for 1 min was observed. Also, the fast response time of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with oblique ion beam exposure on the DLC thin film surface for 1 min can be achieved. Finally, the residual DC voltage of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD on the DLC thin film surface is almost the same as that of the rubbing aligned TN-LCD on a polyimide (Pl) surface.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.450-455
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• 2010

The performance modeling of a $25{\mu}m$ pitch VGA ${\mu}$-bolometer with the self-aligned thermal resistor structure is carried out. The self-aligned thermal resistor can be utilized for the maximizing the thermal resistance and the fill factor of a bolometer, so the performance improvement can be expected. From the results of the performance modeling of the micro-bolometer with self-align thermal resistor for a $25{\mu}m$ pitch $640{\times}480$ microbolometer designed with $0.6{\mu}m$ minimum feature size, the drastic improvements of NETD from 38.7 mK to 19.1 mK, responsivity of 1.9 times are expected with a self aligned thermal resistor structure. The main reason for the performance improvements with a self-aligned thermal resistor structure comes from the increasement of the thermal resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2000

A new photo-alignment material, copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA), copoly (poly (4-methacryloyloxy) chalcone-chalconemethacryl) was synthesized and the electro-optical (EO) characteristics for the photo-aligned vertically aligned (VA)-LC display (LCD) were investigated. The monodomain alignment of the NLC for the photo-aligned VA-LCD by linearly polarized UV exposure on the photo-dimerized copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA) surfaces was observed. Excellent voltage-transmittance characteristics for the photo-aligned VA-LCD by UV exposure for 1 min. on the copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA) surfaces were achieved. The response time of the photo-aligned VA-LCD by UV exposure on for 1 min. the copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA) surfaces was about 39.3 ms. The response time for the photo-aligned VA-LCD decreased with increasing UV exposure time.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2011

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have developed into one of the most competitively researched nano-materials of this decade because of their structural uniqueness and excellent physical properties such as nanoscale one dimensionality, high aspect ratio, high mechanical strength, thermal conductivity and excellent electrical conductivity. Mass production and structure control of CNTs are key factors for a feasible CNT industry. Water and ethanol vapor enhance the catalytic activity for massive growth of vertically aligned CNTs. A shower system for gas flow improves the growth of vertically aligned single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) by controlling the gas flow direction. Delivery of gases from the top of the nanotubes enables direct and precise supply of carbon source and water vapor to the catalysts. High quality vertically aligned SWCNTs synthesized using plasma enhance the chemical vapor deposition technique on substrate with suitable metal catalyst particles. This review provides an introduction to the concept of the growth of vertically aligned SWCNTs and covers advanced topics on the controlled synthesis of vertically aligned SWCNTs.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.10-13
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• 2000

In this study the new photo-alignment material copoly(PM4Ch-ChMa)(copoly (poly (4-methancryloyloxy)chalcone-cholesteryl methacry late)) was synthesized, Also, the liquid crystal (LC) aligning capabilities and the electro-optical(EO) characteristics for the photo-aligned vertical-aligned(VA)-LC display(LCD) were studied. The monodomain alignment of the NLC for the photo-aligned VA-LCD by linearly polarized UB exposure on the Photo-dimerized copoly(PM4Ch-ChMA) surface was observed,. Excellent Voltage-transmittance characteristics for the VA-LCD photo-aligned by polarized UV exposure on the copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA) surfaces for 1 min was achieved. The response time of the VA-LCD photo-aligned by polarized UV exposure on the copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA) surfaces for 1 min was 39.3 ms, We suggest that the photo-dimerized chacone group increased with increasing UV exposure time, which then contributes to a low response time of the photo-aligned VA-LCD on the copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA) surfaces.