• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.223-233
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gypsum on the dry matter yield and the chemical composition of alfalfa in reclaimed tideland with soil dressing. The experimental site was Sukmoon reclaimed tideland. The tideland was reclaimed approximately 17 to 33 years ago and the 70 cm of soil was top-dressed. The soil that covers the reclaimed tideland brought from the island did not treat di-salinized. Treatments were consisted of three groups; control group where no gypsum (G0) was applied and two experimental groups where 2 ton/ha (G2) and 4 ton/ha (G4) of gypsum were applied, respectively. The first harvest was conducted when the alfalfa reached early flowering (open the flower 10%), and after that subsequent harvest was conducted at approximately 35 days intervals. The dry matter yield of the alfalfa showed that G2 was significantly higher in the first year than G0 and G4, and G2 tended to be higher in the second year than G0 and G4, although there were no significant differences between treatments. The reason for the high dry matter yield in G2 was that the soil pH and EC of the soil were at marginal and ideal levels and the coverage and alfalfa botanical composition were also high. In both years, there were no differences in the crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents and relative feed value between gypsum treatments. Meanwhile, the results in the first and second years showed that the alfalfa dry matter yield were negatively affected by droughts stress in spring and concentrated precipitation in summer. Therefore, this study suggests gypsum treatment in reclaimed tidal land could increase the dry matter yield of alfalfa, and 2 ton/ha of gypsum was the optimum rate.

• Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.350-356
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• 2021

This study was conducted in Cheonan of central region in South Korea to identify alfalfa cultivars with superior adaptability to the local environment. To evaluate the growth characteristics, productivity, and feed value of 26 alfalfa cultivars, field experiments were conducted with a randomized block design (three replicates) for three years. Among the 26 alfalfa cultivars, "Natsuwakaba" showed the highest dry matter yield (DMY, 37,083 kg/ha), with a significantly higher three-year average than that of other cultivars. Furthermore, the three-year-average DMYs of "Alfalfa short" (31,044 kg/ha) and "Radar II Brand" (31,163 kg/ha) were significantly higher than those of other cultivars. In addition, differences among the feed values of the alfalfa cultivars were relatively less significant than the differences among their productivity, as the feed value was less influenced by the cultivation conditions and cultivars. Although "Jin Huang Hou" and "Certified organic" exhibited the highest feed values when cultivated in central region in South Korea, "Natsuwakaba" outperformed all cultivars in both productivity and feed value. The acid and neutral detergent fiber (ADF and NDF, respectively) contents of "Jin Huang Hou" (38.9% and 47.26%, respectively) were significantly lower than those of other cultivars. In contrast, the ADF and NDF contents of "Burgaltai" (46.52% and 55.56%, respectively) implied poor feed value upon cultivation in South Korea. The crude protein (CP) content in the alfalfa cultivars ranged from 14.95% to 19.44% during early flowering, and the highest CP content was observed for "Certified organic." The in-vitro digestibility of alfalfa was approximately 70% for all cultivars during early flowering, indicating good digestibility of most of the cultivars.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examine the dry matter yield and weed control of alfalfa according to postemergence herbicides treatment during spring seeding alfalfa. The seeding time of alfalfa was April 21, 2021, the seeding amount was 20 kg/ha, and the seeding method was by 20 cm wide. The alfalfa harvest was carried out at the early bloom stage (10% of flowering), and the harvest date was June 29, 2021. The test treatments were non herbicide (NH), hand weeding (HW), herbicide 1 (Trifluralin, H1), herbicide 2 (S-metolachlor, H2), herbicide 3 (Alachlor, H3), and herbicide 4 (Pendimethalin, H4). Alfalfa plant height was significantly highest in H2 (62.1±1.4 cm) followed by H3 (61.7±1.6 cm), HW (58.5±1.0 cm), H1 (57.2±1.3 cm), H4 (56.1±1.3 cm), and NH (54.1±1.2 cm) (p<0.05). Based on HW, H2 and H3 were high and H1 and H4 were short, but NH was significantly shorter than HW and H1~H4 (p<0.05). The dry matter yield of alfalfa in NH, HW, H1, H2, H3, and H4 were 717.2±94.2, 2,613.8±254.1, 1,667.8±94.1, 2,498.3±120.2, 2,435.0±118.3, and 1,793.7±354.3 kg/ha. HW is the highest among them (p<0.05). The feed composition of alfalfa was 22~24% of the dry matter yield, and the CP content were significantly higher in NH (23.6 %) (p<0.05). The NH had higher (p<0.05) NDF and ADF, but RFV was lower (p<0.05). The weed plant height was NH 98.0±3.3cm, HW 73.3±1.7 cm, H1 91.9±1.5 cm, H2 53.3±5.8 cm, H3 81.4±3.5 cm and H4 96.6±2.2 cm, and H2 was significantly smallest in the group (p<0.05). The weed dry matter yield was NH 4,770.4±232.5 kg/ha, HW 316.3±91.9 kg/ha, H1 2,353.4±173.7 kg/ha, H2 114.5±10.2 kg/ha, H3 752.7±440.6 kg/ha and H4 2,220.6±775.6 kg/ha. The weed control value was HW 94.1%, H1 53.5%, H2 98.2%, H3 84.9%, H4 48.7%, the weed value of H2 is similar to weed control value of HW. Considering the above results, postemergence herbicide treatment controlled weeds by more than 50% compared with no treatment, and among herbicides, H2 (S-metolachlor) was found to be on a similar level to hand weeding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of phosphate($P_2O_5$) fertilization levels on the dry matter(DM) yield, nutrition yield, and $P_2O_5$ efficiency of forages in mixed sward of alfalfa-grasses, a field experiment arranged by randomized complete block design with five treatments(0, 50, 100, 150 and 200kg $P_2O_5$/ha) was conducted at Livestock Experiment Station in Suwon, September, 1990 to Feb~ary, 1993. During two years, average DM yields of forages increased as $P_2O_5$ fertilization level was increased, but no significant difference was found between DM 10,754kg of $P_2O_5$ 150kg/ha and DM 10,845kg of $P_2O_5$ 200kg/ha. Cmde protein and energy productivity of forages increased as $P_2O_5$ fertilization level was increased, and the increasing degree was highest between $P_2O_5$ l00kg and 150kg/ha feriilization. With increasing $P_2O_5$ fertilization, mineral contents tended to increase in P, K and WCa+ Mg equivalent ratio, but not to be regular in the other elements. Efficiency of $P_2O_5$ was highest at $P_2O_5$ 150kg/ha fertilization, which produced DM 12.8kg. net energy lactation 75.4MJ. starch equivalent 6.lkStE, and total digestible nutrients 8.6kg per Ikg $P_2O_5$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate seeding dates by verifying the difference in winter survival and productivity of alfalfa according to fall sowing dates in the central area of South Korea. The experiment was conducted for 2 years (2020 and 2021) at the field in the Department of Animal Resources Development, NIAS located in Cheonan. Sowing dates started from September 18 to November 8 with 10 days of intervals during 2020 and 2021; SO1 (September 18), SO2 (September 28), SO3 (October 8), SO4 (October 18), SO5 (October 28), and SO6 (November 8). After sowing, the winter survival rate was measured in the spring of the following year, and the dry matter yield was measured by harvesting at 10% flowering and harvesting five times a year. SO6 failed to winter survival, and SO5 also had a lower winter survival rate than SO1~4 (p<0.05). The average annual dry matter yield of alfalfa linearly decreased with delaying sowing dates (p<0.05). The feed value did not differ in the same year by delaying the sowing date in the same year. These results suggest that sowing date should be started before October 18 to increase winter survival and productivity of alfalfa in the central area of South Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this research was to explore the effects of dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant ability in dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy Holstein cows with same parity and similar milk yield and body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups: control diet without amaranth hay (CON) or 50% and 100% alfalfa hay replaced by an equal amount of amaranth hay (dry matter basis, AH1 and AH2, respectively). All the cows were fed regularly 3 times a day at 06:30, 14:30, and 22:30 and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 60 d. Results: The dry matter intake of CON and AH1 groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of AH2 group. Compared with AH1 group, the milk yield of AH2 group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay increased (p<0.05) milk fat, ammonia nitrogen and acetate concentrations. However, the crude protein digestibility of AH2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON group, while an opposite tendency of serum urea nitrogen was found between two groups. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility of AH1 group was increased (p<0.05) when compared to AH2 group. Amaranth hay treatment increased (p<0.05) the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase in dairy cows. Compared with CON group, the malonaldehyde activity of AH1 group was decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay (50% ratio) in dairy cows did not affect production performance but improved their antioxidant ability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

No comprehensive study of yield and quality losses of forage legumes harvested and cured in spring has been conducted in Korea, therefore, this experiment was carried out to gain information on yield and quality, losses of alfalfa(Medicgo sativa L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and red clover(Trifolium pratense L.) during field curing in spring(mid-May). Alfalfa was highest in dry matter content of 15% at harvest, while crimson clover and red clover had 12.4 and 11.5%, respectively. Species differences for the dry matter content were maintained and consistent trends were observed during the field curing. Alfalfa took seven days to reach dry matter content over 80%, while both crimson clover and red clover took eight days. Crimson clover and alfalfa tended to show a higher leaf-stem ratio than red clover based on dry matter, but red clover showed a higher leaf-stem ratio than alfalfa and crimson clover based on crude protein content. Losses in dry matter of alfalfa from leaf shattering were higher than crimson clover and red clover, and similar trends were detected losses in crude protein for three different legumes. Fresh legume forages averaged higher in clude protein(CP), total digestible nutrients(TDN), and relative feed value(RFV), while dry legume forages averaged lower in acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF). Results of the experiment indicate that hay curing in spring affects crude protein concentration more than ADF and NDF, and this is due, in part, to leaf shattering caused by field operations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2005

The objective of this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various legumes in mixtures: AA mixtures(orchardgrass 40%+tall fescue 25%+Kentucky bluegrass 15%+alfalfa 20%), RC mixtures (orchardgrass 40% + tall fescue 25% + Kentucky bluegrass 15% + red clover 20%) and WC mixtures (orchardgrass 50% + tall fescue 25% + Kentucky bluegrass 15% + white clover 10%). The field trials were conducted from 2000 to 2003 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and forage quality on different legumes in mixtures. The dry matter yield was significantly higher in WC mixtures than in other mixtures(p<0.05). In the chemical composition, the content of crude protein and dry matter digestibility were higher in WC mixtures than in other mixtures. However, the content of fibrous constituents of WC mixtures was lower than in other mixtures. The yields of crude protein dry matter and digestible dry matter were significantly higher in WC mixtures than in other mixtures. In botanical composition of alfalfa, red clover and white clover in each mixture were maintained 21%, 36% and 48% respectively, at the last cutting time in 2003. The results of this experiment indicated that WC mixtures were more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality, but it needs to control the optimum botanical composition of WC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2001

Helianthus tuberosus has been known to inhibit the growth of weeds and other plants sharing its habitat. This study was conducted to identify the allelochemicals of Helianthus tuberosus which were extracted with water and solvents. Aqueous extracts of leaf, stem, root, tuber and tuber peel of Helianthus tuberosus except tuber did not show significant differences in phytotoxicity to alfalfa seedlings. It was considered that Helianthus tuberosus contained fewer or less potential water-soluble substances that were toxic to alfalfa. Methanol extract of leaves of Helianthus tuberosus was sequentially partitioned in increasing polarity with n-hexane, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Each extract had a yield of 148, 12, 15.7 and 9.5g, respectively. Inhibitory effects on germination of alfalfa seeds treated with four fractions were not significantly different. But the significant reductions on hypocotyl length were observed for all the solvent extracts. Among the four fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the most significant inhibition effect on bioassay with alfalfa. Further separation of the active ethylacetate fraction by open column chromatography led to the 25 subfractions. In bioassay of each sub-fraction with alfalfa seeds, sub-fraction No. 13 showed the most inhibitory effect on seedling growth. $^1$H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that sub-fraction No. 13 was the mixture of straight-chain saturated fatty acids.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

This study was to investigate the cultivation technique previously conducted cultivation research for the stable production of alfalfa and to present further research. The data used in the study were 270 alfalfa cultivation experimental data from 1983 to 2008, indicating the cultivation region, field type, variety, sowing, cutting frequency, fertilization, and dry matter yield (DMY). The average DMY of alfalfa in the Republic of Korea was 12,536 kg/ha, which differed greatly depending on the cultivated region. Most of the field type was cultivated in upland. In order to increase alfalfa production, it is necessary to use reclaimed and unused land, and research on the soil amendment matter to improve the soil condition is needed. Alfalfa varieties cultivated an amount of 53, but collected data no studies considered fall dormancy, the criteria for selecting alfalfa varieties, so further research is required. The fertilizer did not consider each component at various levels, and research is needed as the demand for fertilizer. In particular, research on potassium is needed considering the increase in alfalfa production. The alfalfa cutting frequency differed in the estimated pasture production period depending on the region, and the DMY tended to increase with increasing cutting frequency. This suggests that the alfalfa DMY can be increased according to the cutting frequency in the Republic of Korea, so research is needed to present the appropriate cutting frequency.