• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1912-1920
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• 1997

In the analysis of metal forming process, ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) finite element methods have been increasingly used for the capability to control mesh independently from material flow. The methods can be divided into two groups i.e., coupled and split formulations. In the present work, the split ALE formulation is used for computational efficiency. A split ALE finite element method developed for rigid-viscoplastic materials and applied to the analysis of hot square die extrusion. Since thermal state greatly affects the product quality, an ALE scheme for temperature analysis is also presented. As computational examples, profile shapes as square and cross-like sections are chosen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2009

The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE, in short) method is the new description of continum motion, which combines the advantages of the classical kinematical descriptions, i.e. Lagrangian and Eulerian description, while minimizing their respective drawbacks. In this paper, the ALE description is adapted to simulate fluid-structure interaction problems. An automatic re-mesh algorithm and a fluid-structure coupling process are included to analyze the interaction and moving motion during the 2-D axisymmetric solid rocket interior FSI phenomena simulation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.510-513
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• 2008

The traditional computational fluid or structure dynamics analysis approaches have contributed to solve many delicate engineering problems. But for the most of recent engineering problems which are influenced by fluid-structure interaction effect strongly, traditional individual approaches have limited analysis abilities for the exact simulation. Owing to above-mentioned reason, nowadays fluid-structure interaction analysis has become a matter of concern and interest. FSI analysis require several unprecedented techniques for the combining individual analysis tool into integrated analysis tool. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE, in short) method is the new description of continum motion,which combines the advantages of the classical kinematical descriptions, i.e. Lagrangian and Eulerian description, while minimizing their respective drawbacks. In this paper, the ALE description is adapted to simulate fluid-structure interaction problems. An automatic re-mesh algorithm and a fluid-structure coupling process are included to analyze the interaction and moving motion during the 2-D axisymmetric solid rocket interior FSI phenomena simulation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

As a hybrid model of continuum motion description which combines the advantages of classical kinematical descriptions i.e. Lagrangian and Eulerian description, the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) description is adopted for the simulation of a fluid-structure interaction of solid propellant rocket interior. The fluid-structure interaction phenomenon with the deformation of solid domain during the simulation. The developed solver is applied flow and propellant structure. The computed results show complex flow physics in the combustion chamber and the behavior of a solid propellant deformation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2017

This study compared the immuno-modulatory effects of ethanol extracts (A. muricata L. ethanol extracts, ALE) and crude polysaccharide fraction (A. muricata L. crude polysaccharide fraction, ALP) from Annona muricata L. in macrophages. Immuno-modulatory activity was determined by assessing cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and cytokine production in RAW 264.7 a macrophage cell line. Both ALE and ALP treatment did not affect cytotoxicity, and ALP treatment significantly increased NO production. Additionally, cytokine production [tumor necrosis factor ($TNF-{\alpha}$; $2909.04{\pm}4.1pg/mL$), interleukin (IL)-6; $662.84{\pm}5.3pg/mL$, and $IL-1{\beta}$; $852.37{\pm}2.2pg/mL$), was highly increased in the ALP ($250{\mu}g/mL$) treated group compared to the ALE ($250{\mu}g/mL$) treated group ($TNF-{\alpha}$; $1564.50{\pm}6.1pg/mL$, IL-6; $517.24{\pm}4.1pg/mL$ and $IL-1{\beta}$; $237.23{\pm}1.8pg/mL$). Moreover, ALP treatment considerably increased the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) in the macrophages. Therefore, ALP can induce macrophage activation through MAPK and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling and this can be a potential candidate for development of nutraceuticals.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.769-774
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• 2018

The growth of cities requires the construction of new tunnels close to the existing ones. Prediction and control of ground movement around the tunnel are important especially in urban area. The ground respond due to EPB (Earth Pressure Balance) pressure are investigated using the finite element method by ABAQUS in intersection of the triplet tunnels (Line 2, 3 and 4) of Mashhad Urban Railway in Iran. Special attention is paid to the effect of EPB pressure on the tunnel face displacement. The results of the analysis show that in EPB tunneling, surface settlement and face displacement is related to EPB pressure. Moreover, it is found that tunnel construction sequence is a great effect in face displacement value. For this study, this value in Line 4 where is excavated after line 3, is smaller than that line. In addition, the trend of the displacement curves are changed with the depth for all lines where is located in above and below, close to and above the centerline tunnel face for Line 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is concluded that: (i) the surface settlement decreases with increasing EPB pressure on the tunnel face; (ii) at a constant EPB pressure, the tunnel face displacement values increase with depth. In addition, this is depended on the tunneling sequence; (iii) the trend of the displacement curves change with the depth.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.11 no.1 s.32
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

A code is developed to analyze a spherically symmetric underwater explosion. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE) Godunov scheme for two-phase flow is used to calculate numerical fluxes through moving control surfaces. For detonation gas of TNT and liquid water, the Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL) equation of states and the isentropic Tait relation are used respectively. It is suggested to use the Godunov variable to estimate the velocity of a material interface. The code is validated through comparisons with other results on the gas-water shock tube problem. It is shown that the code can handle generation of discontinuity and recovering of continuity in the normal velocity near the material interface during shock waves interact with the material interface. The developed code is applied to analyze a spherically symmetric underwater explosion. Repeated transmissions of shock waves are clearly captured. The calculated period and maximum radius of detonation gas bubble show good agreements with experimental and other numerical results.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.882-886
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus 5.,M (ASS) on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) in normal rats and ischemic rats. Experimental groups of rCBF and BP in normal and ischemic rats as follows ; ALE was injected ASS leaves 45% ethyl alcohol extract, ASE was injected ASS stems 45% ethyl alcohol extract, ARE was injected ASS roots 45% ethyl alcohol extract. The results were as follows ; In normal rats, ALE and ARE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, but ASE significantly decreased rCBF and MABP in a dose-dependent manner, ALE increased MABP In ischemic rats, rCBF was significantly and staDly improved by ARE (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which was contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. From the above results, it was thought that all part of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ was effective for hemodynamics and especially ARE was more effective than other parts.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.557-560
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• 2011

In the present paper, the sloshing resistance performance of an LNG carrier insulation system is evaluated by fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis. For this analysis, the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method is adopted to accurately calculate the structural behavior induced by internal LNG motion of a KC-1 type LNG carrier cargo tank. In addition, the global-local analysis method is introduced to reduce computational time and cost. The global model is built from shell elements to reduce the sloshing analysis time. The proposed novel analysis techniques can potentially be used to evaluate the structural integrity of LNG carrier insulation systems.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2019

From October 2015 to August 2018, tapeworm proglottids were obtained from 10 patients who were residents of Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces and had a history of raw beef consumption. Most of them had no overseas travel experience. The gravid proglottids obtained from the 10 cases had 15-20 lateral uterine branches. A part of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) DNA of the 10 cases, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with AleI restriction enzyme, produced the same band pattern of Taenia saginata, which differentiated from T. asiatica and T. solium. Sequences of ITS1 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) showed higher homology to T. saginata than to T. asiatica and T. solium. Collectively, these 10 cases were identified as T. saginata human infections. As taeniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases in humans, it is necessary to maintain hygienic conditions during livestock farming to avoid public health concerns.