• Title/Summary/Keyword: Alcoholism

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A Systematic Review of Literature on Psychosocial Factors Influencing Alcoholism (알코올중독 발병 요인에 관한 체계적 문헌고찰)

  • Park, Gyu-hee;Kim, Heonkyeong
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.43-58
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the cause of alcoholism based on a systematic review of previous studies published from 2009 to 2014. Methods: The study design was a systematic review of the literature in which factors constituting causes of alcoholism were analyzed. Search words used to retrieve foreign studies were "alcoholism" or a combination of "alcohol dependency" and "etiology" or "predictor. Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) of the Korea Education and Research Information Service and Dbpia, a database for domestic academic studies, were used as search engines for retrieving domestic papers. Results: The systematic literature review found that for emotional and psychological factors as etiology of alcoholism, abuse-related factors had the largest proportion with a total of 63%. Conclusions: In this study factors related to alcoholism were examined in terms of emotions, psychology, environments, families and others. As a result, it was found that alcohol consumption at an early age and experience of abuse were major causes for alcoholism.

Polymorphisms of the Dopamine Receptor Genes in Alcoholism (알코올 중독에서의 도파민 수용체 유전자 다형성)

  • Ryu, Seung Ho
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2002
  • Even though alcoholism is a multi-factorial psychiatric disorder, it is reasonable to suppose that genetic factors play a substantial role in the manifestation of this disorder. Because alcohol is the reinforcing substance which manifests its effects through activation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward pathway of the brain, the gene encoding dopamine receptor subtypes can be a major natural candidate gene. Since 1990, many association studies have identified strong evidence implicating the dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2) gene in alcoholism, specifically TaqI A minor(A1) allele. Association studies have also been conducted on other dopamine receptor(DRD3 & DRD4) polymorphisms but the results have yet to be confirmed. Through a number of other approaches, each dopamine receptor gene has been investigated in association with different phenotypes in alcoholism, but further researches will be needed. In conclusion, studies in the past decade have shown that the TaqI A1 allele of the DRD2 gene is associated with alcoholism in various subject groups. Other dopamine receptor genes have since been added to the list but yet to be identified. Thus, the knowledge of these genes and their functional significance will enhance the understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of alcoholism. Furthermore, it could lead to more helpful prevention and treatment approaches to alcoholism.

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Pharmacological Treatment of Alcoholism (알코올중독의 약물치료)

  • Sung, Sang Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1999
  • This review focused on the pharmacological treatment of alcoholism, especially alcoholism-related mental disorder. The pharmacological agent for alcoholism can be divided into the following categories : anticraving agent, aversive agent, agent to treat acute alcohol withdrawal, agent to diminish drinking by treating associated psychiatric pathology, agent to induce sobriety in intoxicated individuals. Following trends are included in new trends of pharmacological treatment of alcoholism. What are precise conditions amenable to pharmacological intervention? ; How can psychosocial and behavioral intervention be integrated with pharmacotherapy to enhance treatment outcome? ; Is the concept of "matching" specific pharmacotherapy treatment to different aspect of alcoholism more efficacious than a more generalized medicational approach to treatment? One of the most important factors for alcoholics treatment is good and proper therapeutic relationship with patients and setting up individually specialized treatment program is also important.

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The Difference of the $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ Digit Length Ratio between Type I and Type II Alcoholism (알코올 의존 제I형 및 II형 환자에서 검지-약지 길이 비의 차이)

  • Han, Chang-Woo;Lee, Yu-Sang;Hahm, Woong;Won, Sung-Doo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.260-266
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    • 2011
  • Objectives The second to fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) is known to reflect testosterone level during intrauterine period. Testosterone is essential for masculinization of brain. Cloninger's type II alcoholism is characterized by early age at onset and largely limited to males. Compared with type I alcoholism, type II alcoholism is thought to be masculine. There is a possibility that the digit ratio of type II alcoholism is low compared with type I. We examined digit length ratio in Cloninger's type I and II alcoholism to understand the effects of intrauterine testosterone on the development of alcoholism. Methods The participants were 87 alcohol dependent patients. We divided two subtypes of patients by Irwin's symptom list, based on Cloninger's concept. We captured the images of both palms by the scanner and measured the lengths of digits by the graphic program. Then we analyzed the digit ratios by independent-sample t-test. Results The mean 2D : 4D of type I was 0.942 (right), 0.952 (left). The mean 2D : 4D of type II was 0.927 (right), 0.940 (left). In both hands, 2D : 4D of type II was significantly lower than type I. Conclusions Type II alcoholism showed masculine type of digit length ratio compared with type I. It suggests the exposure of testosterone during intrauterine period might play an important role in determining the course and feature of alcoholism.

A study on the process of children's adjustment following a parent's alcoholism - a grounded theory based approach - (알코올 중독자 가정 자녀의 적응과정에 관한 근거이론 접근)

  • Ju, So-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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    • no.23
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    • pp.225-262
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of essential experiences of children of Alcoholism and explore their adjustment process from the children's perspectives. The specific research questions explored in this study were: 1. What was the central phenomenon that children of Alcoholism have experienced? 2. What was the adjustment process of the children of Alcoholism. The grounded theory was adopted in this study to address the research questions. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight young adult aged from 18-30 years olds who experienced their parent's Alcoholism. Grounded theory based data analyses resulted in 85 concepts, 30 sub-categories, and 16 categories. The 'causal conditions' influencing the central phenomenon was 'self denial' and 'being suppressed' is the central phenomenon for the children of Alcoholism. The core issue in the process of an adjustment of children from a Alcoholism family was 'accepting the parental Alcoholic problem and re-defining the self', The results of this study suggest that counseling interventions are suggested to improve children's well-being and facilitate their adjustment. Therefore this study has implication on building theory of intervention on the offsprings who have parents of Alcoholism.

An Association Study of COMT Gene Polymorphism with Korean Alcoholism (한국인 알코올리즘과 Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) 유전자 다형성의 연합)

  • Kim, Min-Jung;Yang, Byung-Hwan;Lee, Jung-Sik;Chai, Young-Gyu;Park, Taek-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.111-115
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    • 2001
  • An association study with Korean alcoholic patients(n=50) and normal controls(n=53) was performed to find the relationship between catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) gene polymorphism and alcoholism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. When we compared the allele and genotype frequencies of Nla III COMT gene polymorphism in alcoholism and normal controls, there was no significant difference between two groups. Our results do not support an association between the Nla III polymorphism of COMT gene and alcoholism.

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Parental Abuse, Parental Alcoholism, and Suicidal Ideation of University Students: The Mediation Effects of Depression (부모로부터의 학대 경험과 부모의 알코올 중독이 대학생 자녀의 자살생각에 미치는 영향: 우울의 매개 효과 중심으로)

  • Kim, Han-Na;Kim, Hae-Ryun;Choi, Yun-Shin
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.117-129
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: This paper examines the mediation effect of depression in the relationship between parental abuse, parental alcoholism, and suicidal ideation in university students. Methods: A survey on abusive experience from parents, parental alcoholism, depression, and suicidal ideation was conducted with 415 students from six universities. Structural equation analysis was performed using the AMOS program. Results: The result demonstrates that depression has some mediation effects between parental abuse and suicidal ideation in university students. Meanwhile, depression has an entire mediation effect between parental alcoholism and suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This study shows that the parental alcoholism by itself did not affect suicidal ideation in university students, but depression did. Experience of parental abuse is a significant risk factor which may cause suicidal ideation, and depression may cause suicidal ideation indirectly. It calls for efforts to prevent parental abuse and emphasizes the necessity of paying primary attention to the mediation effect of depression in preventing suicidal ideation.

Allelic Association of the Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene in Korean Alcoholism (한국인 알코올 중독환자에서 도파민 D4 수용체의 대립 유전자 연관성에 대한 연구)

  • Ryu, Seung Ho;Lee, Min Soo
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.246-250
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    • 2001
  • The dopamine D4 receptor gene has a hypervariable segment in the coding region characterized by a varying number of 48bp repeats in exon III of the gene. Varying the numbers of repeated segments may change the length, structure, and function of the receptor, which makes this gene a possible candidate for variations in dopamine-related behaviors, such as alcoholism and drug abuse. We evaluated the dopamine D4 receptor genotype in male alcoholics and normal controls. All alcoholics and controls were unrelated and from the Korean population. Genotype and allele frequencies in 67 alcoholics were compared to 67 controls who were free of alcohol abuse, substance abuse, and major mental illness. No association was found between the dopamine D4 receptor allele and alcoholism. This result indicate that there is no association of the dopamine D4 receptor with alcoholism in Korean. Further systemized investigation to determine the role of dopamine D4 receptor gene in alcoholism with a larger sample size will be required.

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Analysis of Alcoholism Treatment Programs in North America - Focused on Relapse Prevention - (북미지역 알코올중독 치료 프로그램 분석 - 재발방지를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim Sung-Jae
    • The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.206-218
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    • 1999
  • Relapse is one of the most serious problem in alcoholism treatment area. But there is no proper post-treatment management program for preventing relapse in Korea. The purposes of this study are the analysis of several alcoholism treatment programs and recommendation about consideration for developing our alcoholism treatment program to prevent relapse in our country. Five different alcoholism treatment programs were collected for this study, two programs were collected by participant observation and three were collected by instruction manuals, references, and briefing materials. The followings are the criteria for this analysis of the five treatment programs. 1. the specific characteristics of the treatment program 2. the criterion of the patients, the duration and period (or the treatment, the special activities, and goals of the treatment. 3. the common characteristics of the five treatments. The common characteristics of those treatment programs are; 1 preparation for post-treatment from the beginning of the treatment (hospitalization) 2. assessment of relapse related factors 3. assessment of the relapse-warning signs 4. development and plan of individualized intervention strategy 5. practice of the plan The common characteristics of those treatment programs are 1. groups are classified the recovery training groups and the self-help groups 2 all kind of treatment programs carried out as groups rather than individuals. 3. usefulness which apply to various settings and various types 4. multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach As results, those programs were developed as post-detoxication management program, follow up program, and continued care program and their theoretical framework was from social learning theory. Those programs used the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the classes, groups, and social skill training. These finding can be used for developing culturally appropriate alcoholism treatment programs focused on relapse prevention.

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A Study on Analysis and 3D Web Environment for the Treatment Alcoholism (알코중독 치료를 위한 Web 환경 시스템과 분석에 대한 연구)

  • Paek, Seung-Eun
    • The Journal of Information Technology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.9-19
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    • 2006
  • Medications or conitive-behavior methods have been mainly used as a treatment of alcoholism. lately the virtualy technology has been applied to the kink of alcoholic disorders. A virtual environment makes him having avility to over come the drink. In this study, we were implemented by making panorama images and 3D object modules using 3D MAX, VRML, JAVA. And the BAR stimulator that composed with a position sensor, head mount display, and audio system, is suggested. To illustrate the physiological difference between a person who has a alcoholism and without a liquor bottle, heart rate was measured during experiment, and also measured a person's HR after the virtual reality training. The system measures the Physiological signals such as ECG, Temperature, analyzes those data automatically. The system has two parts, one is physiological data acquisition part which gets the body signal, and the other one is mobile nuit which includes signal processing and transmission functions, And Bluetooth allows two parts to communicate with each other. we demonstrated the subjective effectiveness of virtual reality psychotherapy through the clinical experiment.

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