• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.404-406
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• 1993

In order to detect the gelation of ultrahigh temperature (UHT) treated market milks during storage at 20+1C, the free amino groups were quantified with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and the measurement of pH values and the alcohol test were monthly carried out. The average tree amino groups were $0.94{\sim}1.11{\mu}M$ at 1 month, $1.95{\sim}2.17{\mu}M\;at\;5{\sim}6$ month and $4.95{\sim}6.36{\mu}M$ at 12 month. The pH values at the same time as above were $6.72,\;6.49{\sim}6.55\;and\;6.14{\sim}6.16$, respectively. The alcohol test showed positive results at $5{\sim}6$ month, which could indicate the casein instability and beginning of gelation. These results suggest that the gelation of UHT market milks could he predicted through checking some chemical parameters weekly and be helpful for quality control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.391-394
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• 1993

For the automation of Tackjoo fermentation, a sensor measurable gas production during brewing and a controller were built. The performance tests were carried out at 10 litter Tackjoo fermentor, The sensor was consisted of a transparent acryl cell for bubble formation and photo-interrupter for the detection of bubbles of 0.018ml size. The fermentation controller was fabricated with a single chip microcomputer (MC68705R3) and provided with both the monitoring module of temperature measurement and the valve controling device for the cooling water circulation in coil type heat exchanger. The operation programs were developed and systemized in ROM. With this computer system, the gas production amount and rate were acquired during the Tackjoo fermentation. The fermentation curve based on the gas production rate showed a good agreement with that of alcohol concentration. The maximum rate of gas production was found after 24 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. The correlation equation between the gas production and alcohol concentration was established and used as the control algorithm of the fermentation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

Background: Non-conversion of sputum smear and culture prolongs the infectivity of the patient and has been associated with unfavorable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of two months of treatment of new case pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: Data of 87 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with culture-positive drug-susceptible pulmonary TB admitted to local university hospital between September 2015 and September 2016 were reviewed. Factors associated with sputum smear and/or culture positivity at the end of the second month of treatment were analyzed. Results: Twenty-two patients (25.3%) remained smear and/or culture-positive. Male sex, lower body mass index (BMI), unemployment, alcohol abuse, higher number of lobes involved and cavities on chest X-rays, shorter time to detection (TTD) on liquid cultures, higher respiratory sample smear grading and colony count in solid cultures, higher C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and anemia were all significantly associated with persistent sputum positivity. However, in the logistic regression analysis only male sex, lower BMI, alcohol abuse, higher radiological involvement, cavitation, higher smear grading, higher colony count in solid cultures and shorter TTD were determined as independent factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of 2 months of treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, higher sputum smear and culture grading at diagnosis, shorter TTD, higher number of lobes involved, cavitation, male sex, alcohol abuse, and lower BMI were independently associated with persistent sputum positivity. These factors should be sought when distinguishing which patients will remain infectious longer and possibly have worse outcomes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2413-2418
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• 2013

Forensic and legal medicine require reliable data to indicate excessive alcohol consumption. Ethanol is oxidatively metabolized to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase and non-oxidatively metabolized to ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), phosphatidylethanol, or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Oxidative metabolism is too rapid to provide biomarkers for the detection of ethanol ingestion. However, the non-oxidative metabolite EtG is a useful biomarker because it is stable, non-volatile, water soluble, highly sensitive, and is detected in body fluid, hair, and tissues. EtG analysis methods such as mass spectroscopy, chromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques are currently in use. We suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be used to monitor ethanol intake. As with current conventional methods, NMR spectroscopy doesn't require complicated pretreatments or sample separation. This method has the advantages of short acquisition time, simple sample preparation, reproducibility, and accuracy. In addition, all proton-containing compounds can be detected. In this study, we performed $^1H$ NMR analyses of urine to monitor the ethanol and EtG. Urinary samples were collected over time from 5 male volunteers. We confirmed that ethanol and EtG signals could be detected with NMR spectroscopy. Ethanol signals increased immediately upon alcohol intake, but decreased sharply over time. In contrast, EtG signal increased and reached a maximum about 9 h later, after which the EtG signal decreased gradually and remained detectable after 20-25 h. Based on these results, we suggest that $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy may be used to identify ethanol non-oxidative metabolites without the need for sample pretreatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.639-642
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• 2006

This study aimed to identify effective washing and sanitation programs to minimize the contamination of cooked rice by B. cereus. As such, the effectiveness of five sanitizers, including QAC, alcohol, chlorine, CaO, and $H_2O_2$, was evaluated in relation to the survivability of B. cereus spores in cooked rice and resulting sensory properties of the rice. The water-treated cooked rice showed remaining B. cereus spores at 1.09 $log_{10}CFU/g$. In contrast, treatment with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the sanitizers, such as 200 ppm of QAC, 50% of alcohol, 100 ppm of chlorine, 650 ppm of CaO, and 500 ppm of $H_2O_2$, destroyed all the spores in the cooked rice below a non-detection limit (ND< 0.15 CFU/g). The sensory properties of the sanitizer-treated (1,000 ppm of $H_2O_2$, 100 ppm of chlorine, and 800 ppm of CaO) cooked rice did not differ significantly from those of the water-treated cooked rice. As a result, 500 ppm of $H_2O_2$, 650 ppm of CaO, and 100 ppm of chlorine were found to effectively eliminate B. cereus spores in rice while cooking.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2020

We studied the effects of the extract of aerial parts of hydroponically cultured ginseng (HGE) on alcohol-induced liver damage (AILD) in mice. AILD was induced by the oral administration of ethanol (EtOH) (25%; 5 g/kg body weight) for seven days in the study as well as EtOH-only groups. However, HGE (4 and 12 mg/kg) was orally administered (once daily for ten consecutive days) only to the study group, three days prior to the EtOH treatment. The HGE-treated group showed significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase than the EtOH-only group. In addition, HGE administration decreased the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase, a known marker of liver damage. The effect of HGE on AILD was found to be dose dependent, and the consecutive administration of HGE showed no side effects in mice. Our study indicates that HGE treatment can potentially reduce oxidative stress and toxicity in the liver of alcohol-treated mice and that HGE can be a useful therapeutic agent for alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Additionally, a simple and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method was developed for determining the contents of four major ginsenosides in HGE. The aerial parts of hydroponically cultured ginseng were extracted using 70% fermented ethanol, and the contents of ginsenosides F5, F3, F1, and F2 in HGE were found to be 2.5, 4.4, 1.4, and 23.3 mg/g, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.3049-3052
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• 2009

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is added to gasoline to enhance the octane number of gasoline, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) is major degradation intermediate of MTBE in environment, and benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) are also major constituents of gasoline. In this study, a simplified headspace analysis method was adapted for simultaneous determination of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in ground water samples. The sample 5.0 mL and 2 g NaCl were placed in a 10 mL vial and the solution was spiked with fluorobenzene as an internal standard and sealed with a cap. The vial was placed in a heating block at 85 $^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The detection limits of the assay were 0.01 ${\mu}$g/L for MTBE and BTEX, and 0.02 ${\mu}$g/L for TBA. The method was used to analyze 110 ground water samples from various regions in Korea, and to survey the their background concentration in ground water in Korea. The samples revealed MTBE concentrations in the range of 0.01 - 0.45 ${\mu}$g/L (detection frequency of 57.3%), TBA concentrations in the range of 0.02 - 0.08 ${\mu}$g/L (detection frequency of 5.5%), and total BTEX concentrations in the range of 0.01 - 2.09 ${\mu}$g/L (detection frequency of 87.3%). The developed method may be used when simultaneously determining the amount of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in water.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2002

In order to determine the contents of ethyl carbamate in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages and general beverages, GC/MS-SIM method was used after extraction of beverages with dichloromethane. The contents of ethyl carbamate in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, non-distilled alcohol, and whisky were detected in the range of $4.6-50.2{\mu}g/L$, $27.8-45.4{\mu}g/L$, and $24.8-55.1{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The recoveries were ranged from 83.3 to 104.8 %. The values of relative standard deviation were ranged from 1.8 to 14.8 % and the detection limit was $0.3{\mu}g/L$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10427-10431
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• 2015

Background: To determine the prevalence, types, and risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) among a group of Arab Jordanian dental patients, and to evaluate their awareness and attitudes toward early diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,041 patients attending a University Hospital for dental care were examined for the presence of OPMDs. Histopathological examination was performed on all cases clinically diagnosed and patients were directly interviewed to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes toward early detection and treatment of oral cancer. Results: The prevalence of OPMDs overall was 2.8%. Lichen planus/lichenoid lesions were the most common lesions (1.8%) followed by leukoplakias (0.48%), chronic hyperplastic candidiosis (0.38%), and erythroplakia (0.096%). Smoking, alcohol, and age (>40 years) were the main identifiable risk factors. Patients with OPMDs displayed a general lack of awareness and negative attitudes towards early diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: OPMDs among Arab dental patients are relatively uncommon and awareness about oral cancer among Jordanian dental patients is low. Interventions to improve public knowledge about oral cancer and attitudes toward early diagnosis and treatment are urgently indicated.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.655-658
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• 2015

The development of glucose biosensors has been attracting much attention because of their importance in monitoring glucose in the human body; such sensors are used to diagnose diabetes and related human diseases. Thanks to the high selectivity, sensitivity to glucose detection, and relatively low-cost fabrication of enzyme-immobilized electrochemical glucose sensors, these devices are recognized as one of the most intensively investigated glucose sensor types. In this work, ZnO nanofibers were synthesized using an electrospinning method with polyvinyl alcohol zinc acetate as precursor material. Using the synthesized ZnO nanofibers, we fabricated glucose biosensors in which glucose oxidase was immobilized on the ZnO nanofibers. The sensors were used to detect a wide range of glucose from 10 to 700 M with a sensitivity of $10.01nA/cm^2-{\mu}M$, indicating that the ZnO nanofiber-based glucose sensor can be used for the detection of glucose in the human body. The control of nanograins in terms of the size and crystalline quality of the individual nanofibers is required for improving the glucose-sensing abilities of the nanofibers.