• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to explore the prevalence of alcohol experiences and to identify the expectancy on the effects of alcohol and alcohol knowledge in early adolescents. Method: The cross-sectional survey of 1854 students from seven middle schools in one district of Seoul was conducted by convenience sampling. Alcohol experience and early onset of alcohol use were measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Alcohol expectancy was measured by an Alcohol Effects Questionnaire. Result: Over sixty five percent of adolescents reported that they had previous drinking experiences. The participants with no alcohol drinking experience had a lower level of alcohol knowledge than those with experience(t=2.73, p=.007). In expectancy on effects of alcohol, girls had a more positive alcohol expectation than boys(t=-2.54, p=.011). Alcohol knowledge negatively correlated with alcohol expectancy(r=-.40 p=.000). In regression of alcohol expectancy, gender and alcohol knowledge were significant predictors explaining 17%. Conclusion: The results support that alcohol expectancy is an important link with early drinking experiences and alcohol knowledge, focusing on the importance of gender differences. Therefore, an alcohol prevention program in early adolescence is needed and should be focused on multidimensionality of the alcohol expectancy with developmental and psychosocial factors for early adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the levels of dietary Zn and alcohol consumption on lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 80 to 90g for eight weeks. Ninety rats were divided into nine groups according to Zn levels and alcohol consumption such as no alcohol group[low Zn diet group(<1ppm. LZ) control Zn diet group(30ppm. CZ) high Zn diet group(60ppm, HZ)] 10% alcohol consumption group[the same Zn levels as no alcohol group LZLA, CZLA, HZLA] 20% alcohol consumption group[the same Zn levels as no alcohol group, LZHA, CZHA, HZHA] The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) In the serum total cholesterol increased with increasing dietary Zn levels but decreased with alcohol consumption. HDL-cholesterol decreased with alcohol consumption. Triglyce-ride in alcohol group was higher than no alcohol group. In alcohol group triglyceride increased with decreasing dietary Zn levels. 2) In the liver total lipid in alcohol group was higher than no alcohol group HA group showed a significant increase. Triglyceride increased with alcohol consumption. 3) In the serum and liver Zn content increased with increasing dietary Zn levels but decreased with alcohol consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.547-558
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• 2009

This study was carried out to compare the effect of smoking on dietary habits, nutrient intakes and blood lipid profiles in 173 adult male drinkers. Subjects were classified by two groups, alcohol-only and alcohol-smoking, based on their alcohol or smoking habits. The BMI of the alcohol-smoking group was significantly lower than those of alcohol-only group. In dietary habits, the alcohol-smoking group had higher irregular breakfast and dinner intakes than alcoholonly group (p < 0.05). Plant lipid intake of the alcohol-smoking group was higher than those of alcohol-only group (p < 0.05) and the vitamin C intake of the alcohol-smoking group was lower than those of alcohol-only group (p < 0.05). With regard to the diet quality evaluation of subjects, the alcohol-smoking group showed significantly lower values than alcohol-only group in the nutrient density of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, sodium, potassium, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C. Also, with regard to the index of nutrition quality (INQ) and the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the alcohol-smoking group showed significantly lower value than alcohol-only group in vitamin C. With these results, we found that the alcohol-smoking group had lower diet quality evaluation. The results of blood analysis showed that HDL-cholesterol in the alcohol-smoking group was significantly lower than that in the alcohol-only group. In conclusion, the alcohol-smoking group had greater health risk than the alcohol-only group. Particularly, alcohol-smoking caused irregular eating patterns and unbalanced nutrition intakes compared to alcohol-only and also changed blood composition as shown in the decrease of HDL-cholesterol. Besides, the index of coronary heart disease such as AI was higher in both groups suggesting that alcohol-only or alcohol-smoking cause health problems. Since there is the limiting point in which the comparative analysis of non-drinkers and non-smokers is unable to be performed in this study, further wide research is needed on that matter.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2021

음주를 유발하는 사회환경요인 중 하나인 주류광고와 마케팅 규모는 매년 확대되고 있으며, 음주폐해 또한 그 심각성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 성인 2000명을 대상으로, 주류광고, 주류 판촉마케팅 노출 경험이 음주동기, 음주수준을 매개로 음주폐해에 끼치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅 노출 경험은 여성보다 남성이 더 높았으며, 음주동기, 음주수준, 음주폐해 또한 남성이 더 높게 나타났다. 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅 노출 경험은 음주폐해에 직접적으로 영향을 끼치며, 경험이 많을수록 음주폐해도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 음주동기와 음주수준은 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅의 노출 경험이 음주폐해에 끼치는 영향을 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 음주폐해예방을 위해 음주 폐해를 발생시키는 사회 환경인 주류광고와 주류 판촉마케팅에 대한 규제를 강화하고 음주폐해예방을 위해 개인의 인식 개선 접근과 함께 환경적·제도적 차원에서의 개입이 유기적으로 이루어져야함을 제언하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Objectives: To explore alcohol perceptions and their association hazardous alcohol use in the populations of Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia. Methods: Data from 2500 participants of the 2013 Alberta Survey and the 2013 Queensland Social Survey was analyzed. Regression analyses were used to explore the association between alcohol perceptions and its association with hazardous alcohol use. Results: Greater hazardous alcohol use was found in Queenslanders than Albertans (p<0.001). Overall, people with hazardous alcohol were less likely to believe that alcohol use contributes to health problems (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.78; p<0.01) and to a higher risk of injuries (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.90; p<0.05). Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol contributes to health problems (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92; p<0.05) and were also less likely to choose a highly effective strategy as the best way for the government to reduce alcohol problems (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.91; p=0.01). Queenslanders with hazardous alcohol use were less likely to believe that alcohol was a major contributor to injury (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.77; p<0.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that people with hazardous alcohol use tend to underestimate the negative effect of alcohol consumption on health and its contribution to injuries. In addition, Albertans with hazardous alcohol use were less in favor of strategies considered highly effective to reduce alcohol harm, probably because they perceive them as a potential threat to their own alcohol consumption. These findings represent valuable sources of information for local health authorities and policymakers when designing suitable strategies to target alcohol-related problems.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on nutritional intake status among the college students. The subjects were divided three groups; no-alcohol group(n=78), alcohol group(n=113), and high-alcohol group(n=82) according to intake and frequency of alcohol. And they were observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, dietary behavior and attitude, and nutrient intakes using questionnaires. The frequency of skipping meals in breakfast in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in frequency of skipping meals of lunch and supper, reason why skipped meals, and total score of dietary attitude among three groups. However, the score of dietary attitude about no heavy drinking and smoking in high-alcohol group was higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were significant difference in vitamin B2 intake, alcohol intake, and energy intakes from carbohydrate, lipid, and alcohol among three groups(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05). Compared energy intake of high-alcohol group with other two groups, intake from carbohydrate was low and intakes from lipid and alcohol were high. In the nutrient density, plant protein and carbohydrate in no-alcohol group, lipid and vitamin B2 in alcohol group, and animal lipid in high-alcohol group were highest among three groups. NAR and MAR were not significant difference among three groups except that NAR of P in alcohol group is highest among three groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, students high consuming alcohol have unhealty dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of skipping breakfast, undesirable dietary attitude of alcohol drinking and smoking, and low energy inake from diet. Therefore, this results should be considered in meal management and nutritional education for student of high alcohol consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.519-525
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• 1999

The effects of Ganoderma Lucidum consumption (GL) on the liver function and lipid metabolic disorder induced by alcohol consuming were studied in rats using GL powder(1%, 2%, 4%) and 10% ethly alcohol. Thirty-five rats(Sprague-Dawley, male) were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for seven weeks. The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were the highest in the alcohol group, while the levels were apparently reduced by in groups fed GL. The atherogenic indices(AI) also tended to be higher in the alcohol group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities were significantly lower in body alcohol + 2% GL and alcohol + 4% GL groups, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities lower only in the alcohol + 2% GL compared with the alcohol group. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities were not significantly different among the groups. The elevated levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride due to alcohol consumption, were apparently reduced by GL supplementation. On microscopic observation of liver tissues, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, while fat droplets appeared only on the central vein in the alcohol + 1% GL group. However, in groups administered 2% and 4% GL, fat droplets appeared similar to the alcohol group. The concentrations of fecal bile acid were significantly increased in groups fed GL. These results indicate that GL exerted some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorder caused by long-term alcohol consumption. Thus, it seems that GL may be effective in preventing or curing some aspects of alcohol toxicity. More detailed studies are needed in order to determine proper dietary levels of GL for combating alcohol toxicity.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

Objective:Nitric oxide(NO) has been known to be associated with tolerance and preference to alcohol. It has also been known to affect various alcohol drinking behavior, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and alcohol- induced brain damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference, among alcohol dependence group, alcohol drinking group and abstinence group, in serum concentration of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, and it's relationship to clinical and biochemical markers of alcoholism. Methods:Forty subjects diagnosed as alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were evaluated for the clinical characteristics and biochemical markers of alcohol dependence including nitrite with their CIWA-Ar scores checked just after admission. Thirty-nine healthy controls were also evaluated, divided into twenty-three alcohol drinking group and sixteen abstinence group. Clinical characteristics were evaluated by CIWA-Ar, CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase(GGT) and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) were used as the biochemical markers of alcohol dependence. Serum nitrite concentrations were measured by Griess reaction. Results:1) The concentrations of nitrite in alcohol dependence patients were not different from those in the control subjects. 2) There were no significant association between the nitrite concentrations and the CIWA-Ar scores in alcohol dependence patients. 3) Nitrites are significantly increased in alcohol dependence group and alcohol drinking group compared with abstinence group. Conclusions:These findings suggest that serum nitrite concentration has no relation with alcohol withdrawal symptoms, but alcohol drinking increases serum nitrite concentration influenced by general condition of the body.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Alcoholism is a significant health problem in the world. The liver is the first and primary target organ for alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase play important roles in the metabolism of alcohol and aldehyde. In this study, I aimed to investigate the eliminatory effects of a Phellinus spp. extract on alcohol metabolism in drunken Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male SD rats were given Phellinus spp. extract at 30 min after 40% (5 g/kg) alcohol ingestion. To assay the effect of Phellinus spp. extract on blood alcohol concentration, blood samples were taken from the tail vein at 1, 3 and 5 h after alcohol ingestion. The concentrations of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Phellinus spp. extract treated rat were significantly lower than that of the control with a time-dependent manner. In addition, the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of Phellinus spp. extract-treated groups were altered compared to those of the control group. These results suggest that Phellinus spp. extract intake can have a positive effect on the reduction of alcohol, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase concentrations in the blood and may alleviate acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities. Phellinus spp. extract is thus a good nutraceutical candidate.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.638-643
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• 1998

찹쌀 및 보리쌀을 원료로 주모를 첨가하여 담금한 발효과정 중의 탁주술덧을 고체상 추출법으로 추출 농축한 후 극성 column을 사용하여 GC 및 GC-MS로 휘발성 향기성분을 분석, 동정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 찹쌀 및 보리쌀 탁주술덧에서 alcohol 10종, ester 9종, acid 2종, aldehyde 7종 등 28종의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 향기성분 수는 담금 직후에 $13{\sim}14$종이었으나 발효 16일에 $27{\sim}28$종으로 증가되었고 찹쌀 탁주는 보리쌀 탁주 술덧보다 향기성분이 다소 많았다. 찹쌀 및 보리쌀 탁주 술덧에서 ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, hexenyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, ethyl succinate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, butyic acid, benzaldehyde, 3-methoxybenzaldehyde의 12종은 발효 전 과정을 통하여 공통으로 검출되었다. 그러나 ethyl propionate, iso-amyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, ethylphenyl acetate 및 acetaldehyde 등 5종의 aldehyde는 발효 16일에서만 검출되었다. 향기성분의 면적비율(peak area %)은 시험구와 발효기간에 따라 차이가 있으나 ethyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, hexenyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol이 찹쌀 및 보리쌀 탁주술덧에서 공통으로 높아 탁주술덧의 주 휘발성 향기성분으로 추측된다. 이들 성분 외에 ethyl acetate, benzaldehyde는 찹쌀 탁주에서, hexenyl alcohol은 보리쌀 탁주 술덧에서만 높았다. 찹쌀 탁주 술덧에서 발효 16일에 ethyl acetate의 면적비율이 ethyl alcohol보다 다소 높아 보리쌀 탁주술덧과 다른 특색을 보였다.