• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2004

There has been increasing interest in the value of using soybean to delay or reduce the tumor incidence. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effects of soybean against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DL-ethionine. Accordingly, we measured biochemical changes occurring in serum and liver of rats treated with DL-ethionine in the presence or absence of soybean. Male albino rats were fed a control diet containing the hepatocarcinogen, DL-ethionine, or the control diet plus soybean 30%, or the control diet plus soybean plus DL-ethionine 0.25% for three months and then returned to a control diet for up to nine months. Rats fed a control diet plus DL-ethionine showed a gradual decrease in liver DNA, RNA, total protein, and liver weight and enzyme activites of liver transaminases (GOT and GPT) and alkaline phosphatase over the 7-month study period. This was followed by a large increase in the liver parameters at the end of the $9^{th}$ month, except for 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase that showed a large decrease. On the other hand, a gradual increase in the serum enzyme activities of GOT, GPT, 5-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, and in the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio is observed in the group of rats fed a control diet plus DL-ethionine compared to the control group over 8 months, and this was followed by a large increase in all serum parameters studied at nine-months. The administration of 30% soybean to the rat diet in addition to DL-ethionine maintained all parameters studied at near control values until the end of the $9^{th}$ month. This study suggests that soybean has a protective effect against the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DL-ethionine.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 2003

Effects of L-arginine and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the renal dysfunction that is induced by cisplatin (CDDP) were investigated. A single dose of CDDP (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) induced renotoxicity, which was manifested by increasing the sensitivity of isolated urinary bladder rings to acetylcholine (ACh), together with a significant elevation of serum urea and creatinine, and a severe decrease in serum albumin. Moreover, renal dysfunction was further confirmed by a significant decrease of enzyme activities, such as glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px (E.C 1.11.1.9), catalase (E.C 1.11.1.6), as well as a significant increase in lipid peroxides that were measured as malondialdhyde (MDA) in kidney tissue homogenates. The administration of L-arginine (70 mg/kg/d p.o in drinking water 5 d before and 5 d after the CDDP injection) significantly ameliorated the renotoxic effects of CDDP, as judged by restoring the normal responses of isolated bladder rings to Ach, and also by an improvement in a range of renal function indices, which included serum urea and creatinine concentrations and kidney weight. In addition, L-arginine prevents the rise of MDA, as well as a reduction of GSH-Px and catalase activities in kidney tissues homogenates. On the other hand, the administration of L-NAME (4 mg/kg/d p.o) resulted in no protection against renal dysfunction that was induced by CDDP treatment. The findings of this study suggest that L-arginine can attenuate kidney injury that is produced by CDDP treatment. In addition, L-arginine may be a beneficial remedy for CDDP-induced renal toxicity, and could be used to improve the therapeutic index of CDDP.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.324-329
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• 1995

The phylogenetic relationships between Cheju native horses and Tsushima native horses were studied by protein polymorphism analyses in 16 gene loci (Trypsin inhibitor: Ti, Chymotrypsin inhibitor: CTi, Albumin: Al, Esterase: Es, Transferrin: Tf, Hemoglobin: Hb, Catalase: Cat, Esterase D: EsD, Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase: GOT, Glyoxalase I: GLO I, Acid phosphatase: AcP, Superoxide dismutase: SOD, Lactate dehydrogenase: LDH, Hexokinase: HK, Malate dehydrogenase: MDH, Malic enzyme: ME). All allelic patterns of the protein loci, except 5 loci (SOD, LDH, HK, MDH, ME), were polymorphic in both two populations. Gene frequencies of the polymorphic loci of the population of Cheju native horses were higher than those of Tsushima native horses. Average heterozygosity in Cheju native horses was 0.375, showing higher than that of Tsushima native horses (0.304). The Da distance and gene identity of two populations were 0.108 and 0.868, respectively. The phylogenetic tree constructed by these results and those previously reported in other horse populations, consisted of three clusters. From this phylogenetic tree, it could be suggested that Cheju native horses and Tsushima native horses had diverged from the Mongolian wild horse (Equus prsewolskii).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2013

A novel Chryseobacterium sp. JK1 strain isolated from soil had been reported that this isolate produced large amount of extracellular protease at mesophilic temperature in previous study. The optimal temperature and pH of extracellular protease were $40^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively, showing narrow range of optimal temperature and relatively broad activity from pH 6.0 to 9.0. In addition, the protease showed greatest activity against skim milk and lowest against bovine serum albumin (BSA). The protease strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and addition of cation $Ag^+$ or $Cu^{2+}$, and slightly inhibited by $Al^{3+}$. No significant inhibition was found with pepstatin, and addition of cation, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Fe^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$. On the contrary, protease was enhanced by addition of divalent cation $Mn^{2+}$ (5 mM). Zymography analysis of concentrated culture supernatant revealed two major bands at 67 and 145 kDa. These results suggest that Chryseobacterium sp. JK1 strain produced extracellular neutral serine proteases which could apply in food industry.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of home care nursing intervention with parenteral hydration and IV anti-emetic therapy on distress, nutritional status, anxiety, depression and QOL in gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing combination chemotherapy. Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to test the intervention. Changes of result variables were measured to evaluate effects of the intervention. variables consisted of serum lab results(auto analytic equipment for lab), symptom distress Scale(McCorkle & Young, 1978; Song et al., 2000), nutritional status(body weight, circumference of upper arm, serum protein, serum albumin, oral intake per day), anxiety(Spielberger, 1972; Kim & Shin, 1978), depression(Zung, 1965; Kim, 1995) and QOL(Padilla et al., 1983; Lee & Jo, 1996). Subjects were selected among gynecologic cancer patients(EG 15 patients and CG 15 patients) by convenient sampling. Data collection was done from June to Nov. in 2000. Data were analyzed by Chi-test and Mann-whitney U test using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: Hypothesis 1, the EG receiving this intervention equals to lab test(Hb & ANC, GOT & GPT, BUN & Cr) the CG, was supported(u=69.50 p=.074; u=94.50, p= .455; u= 89.50, p= .339; u=106.50, p= .803; u=75.00, p= .119; u=97.50, p= .523). Hypothesis 2, the EG has less symptom distress than the CG, was also supported(u=43.50, p= .004). Hypothesis 3, the EG has higher nutritional status than the CG, was partially supported on daily oral intake (u=59.00, p= .025). Hypothesis 4, the EG has less anxiety than the CG, was rejected(u=86.50, p= .280). Hypothesis 5, the EG has less depression than the CG, was rejected(u=203.50, p= .228). and the last hypothesis 6, the EG has higher QOL than the CG was supported (u=51.50, p= .011). Conclusion: Home care nursing intervention undergone in this study was found to be effective to reduce patients' symptom distress and to improve their oral intake and QOL.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1993

To analyze biochemical changes of liver function following combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia, we reviewed retrospectively 37 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and hyperthermia between July 1988 and December 1990 at Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Mean age was 52.7 years and male to female ratio was 11:1. The patients were classified as follows; to A and B group by Child's classification, to M and L group by irradiated volume, and subclassified into BM, BL, AM and AL group according to the combination of Child's classification and irradiated volume. Radiation dose to the primary tumor was 3060 cGy with daily 180 cGy, 5 fraction per week using 10 MV or 4 MV linear accelerator. Hyperthermia (Thermotron RF-8) was performed more than 4 times in all patients. Biochemical parameters including albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T. Bil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were regularly followed from 1 week before the treatment to 3 months after the treatment. The results are summerized as follows; 1) In all the patient, mean ALP level peaked at 1 month, decreased at 2 months, slightly increased at 3 months after the treatment. Mean SGOT and SGPT levels peaked at 1 month after the treatment. Mean T. Bil level increased continuously and highest at 3 months after the treatment. Mean Alb level did not show significant changes.; 2) Mean ALP level retured to normal level at 3 month after the treatment in A but increased in B group and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). Mean SGOT and SGPT levels peaked 1 month in A and 2 months after the treatment in B group. All the biochemical parameters did not show significant difference between M and L group. Mean ALP level increased at 3 months after the treatment in BM and BL groups and decreased in AM and AL groups. Mean SGOT level increased at 3 months after the treatment in BL groups.; 3) Hepatic failure occurred within 3 months after the treatment in 4 patients, all of whom were in BL group. It is suggested that pre-treatment liver function and irradiated volume influence biochemical changes of liver in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia, and this treatment modality appears generally to be safe but might cause hepatic failure particularly in patient with poor liver function and large treatment volume.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.268-278
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• 2021

Purpose: While several prognostic models for the stratification of death risk have been developed for patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy, they have seldom been tested in the Chinese population. This study investigated the performance of these models and identified the optimal tools for Chinese patients. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma who received first-line chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion in the validation cohort. Their clinical data and survival outcomes were retrieved and documented. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the models. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for patients in different risk groups divided by 7 published stratification tools. Log-rank tests with pairwise comparisons were used to compare survival differences. Results: The analysis included a total of 346 patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. The median overall survival time was 11.9 months. The patients were different into different risk groups according to the prognostic stratification models, which showed variability in distinguishing mortality risk in these patients. The model proposed by Kim et al. showed relative higher predicting abilities compared to the other models, with the highest χ² (25.8) value in log-rank tests across subgroups, and areas under the curve values at 6, 12, and 24 months of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.72), 0.60 (0.54-0.65), and 0.63 (0.56-0.69), respectively. Conclusions: Among existing prognostic tools, the models constructed by Kim et al., which incorporated performance status score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and tumor differentiation, were more effective in stratifying Chinese patients with gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1141-1151
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• 2007

In this paper through Honam high-speed railroad which is planned with the north and south axis, we will verify the feasibility of the coordinate conversion using railroad control points after regarding current planned-railroad as the linear central axises. From analysis, distortion of Y axis varies 21cm to 40cm diminishing to a gentle straight line, distortion of X axis varies 14cm to 29cm. Through a revision, the deviation value between the coordinates were 6mm to 9mm and it satisfied the allowable error of national geographic information institute which is following ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame) and cadastral boundary survey(10cm). consequently the coordinate conversion is possible using railroad control points as common control points.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.480-493
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• 2007

Many railway-advanced countries are using the various types of track to reduce the track maintenance and repair cost according to the improvement of velocity. It spends on much maintenance and repair cost for ballast track due to abrasion of ballast, track irregularity and unisotropical ballast-support stiffness. The ballast track on railway bridge is accelerating the deterioration of ballast according to interaction of railway bridge and track. As continuing the deterioration, it is caused dynamic loads. Due to these effects, it increases negative loads of track and bridge. However, when designing the railway bridge, the effect of ballast track was applicate only dead load, so elastic behavior effect of ballast track is not influenced. Therefore, this paper presumes the stiffness of ballast track on railway bridge considering dynamic behavior of railway bridge, it was evaluated that effect on dynamic behaviors of railway bridge according to ballast track stiffness.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.310-320
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• 2003

To study the nutritional and health status of the elderly in Songnam, the anthropometic measurments, fat composition of body(FAT), blood pressure(BP) and blood test for analyzing biochemical indies of the elderly in seongnam were carried out in 338 free-living elderly (161 men, 177 women) aged from 58 to 92. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were assessed, and body fat was analyzed by BI(Bioelectrical Impedence) method. Biochemical measurements including blood glucose(BG), GPT, serum total cholesterol(TC) and albumin(AL) were analyzed. Average heights of the subjects were lower than the standards established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances, and average weights were similar to the standards. FAT were significantly higher in women(36.4%) than men(27.7%), and both groups showed higher values than the reference. Mean systolic BP levels of men and women were 153.3mmHg and 153.7mmHg, and diastolic BP levels were 87.5mmHg and 86.0mmHg, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the sex. Mean BG levels of men and women were 115.9mg/㎗ and 123.7mg/㎗, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the sex and among the age groups. Mean GPT levels of men and women were 19.4unit and 18.1unit, respectively, and women older than 75 years showed significanly low levels of GPT compared to other women's age groups. Mean TC levels of men and women were 186.0mg/㎗ and 206.6mg/㎗, respectively, and significantly higher TC levels were shown in women than men. Mean AL levels of men and women were 4.8g/㎗ and 4.8g/㎗, respectively, and men aged 50 ∼ 64 years showed significant high AL levels compared to other age groups of men. It was suggested that nutrition education program was a good way to improve health status of the elderly.