• 한국가금학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1989

본 연구는 전국재래오골계의 난구성분에 대한 유전력 및 유전상관을 추정하여 닭의 효율적인 개량을 위한 육종목표의 설정과 선발을 수행하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 충남대학교 농과대학 동물사육장에서 1987년 6월 18일부터 1989년 4월 6일까지 500일동안 부가계 20수와 모가계 150수에서 생산된 450수 자손으로부터 계란 58,320개의 난구성분을 조사하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 난구성분중에서 초산시, 300일영 및 500일영시의 난백중은 각각 $24.003\pm$2.499, $28.345\pm$2.755 및 $31.636\pm$3.341g이었고, 초산시, 300일영 및 500일영시의 난황중에 있어서는 각각 $10.272\pm$1.536, $16.346\pm$1.321 및 $19.212\pm$1.611g이었고, 초산시, 300일영 및 500일영시의 난각중은 각각 $3.906\pm$0.414, $4.336\pm$0.506 및 $4.822\pm$0.515g이었다. 2. 난구성분의 유전역 추정치는 부분산성분, 모분산성분 및 부모분산성분에서 난백중은 각각 0.620~0.723, 0.206~0.300 및 0.413~0.511이었고, 난황중은 0.439~0.737, 0.484~0.737 및 0.516~0.615이었으며, 난각중에서는 각각 0.172~0.387, 0.412~0.642 및 0.309~0.503이었다. 3. 난구성분간의 유전상관 및 표현형상관은 난백중과 난자중간에 각각 0.089~0.654, 0.984~0.235 이었고, 난백중과 난각중간에는 각각 0.396~0.925, 0.225~0.544이었으며, 난황중과 난각중간에는 각각 0.227~0.375, 0.098~0.358이었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2002

백색란 계통인 Hy-line W-98과 갈색란 계통인 Hy-line Brown을 이용하여 주요 계란의 형질들과 난황 콜레스테롤 수준에 닭의 계통과 키토산의 첨가수준간의 상호작용 관계를 구명하고자 시험한 결과 난중에 대해서는 키토산의 첨가가 두 계통간에 서로 대조적인 경향을 나타내어 Hy-line Brown 계통에서만 키토산의 첨가가 난중의 증가에 기여했다. 평균 난백의 비율은 Hy-line Brown종에서는 키토산 첨가 그룹들과 대조구간에 유의한 타이를 나타내지 못했다. Hy-line W-98종에 있어서 C $H_{60}$구는 대조구에 비해서 평균난백의 비율이 유의하게(P<0.05) 낮았으나, C $H_{30}$구는 대조구와 별 차이가 없었다. 한편 평균 난황의 비율은 평균 난백의 비율에서 나타났던 경향과 반대로 Hy-line W-98종은 C $H_{60}$구가 대조구에 비해서, 그리고 Hy-line Brown은 C $H_{30}$구가 대조구에 비해서 유의하게(P<0.05)난황의 비율이 더 높게 나타났다. 평균 난각의 비율에 대해서는 두 계통 모두 키토산의 첨가로 난각의 질을 향상시키지는 못했다. 그러나 평균 난황콜레스테롤의 수준에 있어서는 두 계통 모두키토산 첨가구들이 대조구에 비해서 난황 Ig당 0.46mg~2.80mg정도가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 특별히 Hy-line W-98종의 C $H_{60}$구는 대조구에 비해서 난황콜레스테롤의 수준은 유의한(P<0.05) 차이를 나타냈다. 그리고 자의 계통과 키토산 첨가수준간 상호작용 효과에 관한 유의성 분석결과 4개 시험 주령 전테 평균 난중(P<0.01), 난중에 대한 난백의 비율(P<0.05), 난황의 비율(P<0.01) 및 난각의 비율(P<0.05)은 모두 유의한 결과를 나타냈다. 한편, 전체 평균 난황콜레스테롤 수준에 대해서는 이들 두 요인간에 유의한 상호작용 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, 시험주령별 유의성 분석결과에서는 4개 시험주령 중 3개 시험주령에서 자의 계통과 키토산 첨가수준간에 유의한 상호작용 효과(P<0.01)를 나타냈다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2017

Objective: A study was conducted to test six threonine (Thr) levels (0.39%, 0.44%, 0.49%, 0.54%, 0.59%, and 0.64%) to estimate the optimal dietary Thr requirements for Longyan laying ducks from 17 to 45 wk of age. Methods: Nine hundred Longyan ducks aged 17 wk were assigned randomly to the six dietary treatments, where each treatment comprised six replicate pens with 25 ducks per pen. Results: Increasing the Thr level enhanced egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (linearly or quadratically; p<0.05). The Haugh unit score, yolk color, albumen height, and the weight, percentage, thickness, and breaking strength of the eggshell did not response to increases in the Thr levels, but the albumen weight and its proportion increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas the yolk weight and its proportion decreased significantly as the Thr levels increased. Conclusion: According to a regression model, the optimal Thr requirement for egg production, egg mass, and FCR in Longyan ducks is 0.57%, while 0.58% is the optimal level for egg weight from 17 to 45 wk of age.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.841-846
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• 2008

본 연구는 감귤부산물을 급여한 토종닭 계란의 성분조성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 토종닭 계란은 감귤부산물을 급여하지 않은 것(T0구), 그리고 감귤부산 물을 4% 급여한 것(T1구)으로 나누어 각각 54수씩 3반복 사육하고 $29{\sim}30$주령에 산란한 것을 시료로 하였다. 난백과 난황의 일반성분, 구성 아미노산 총량, 유리아미노산 총량은 모두 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난황의 무기질, 비타민 및 xanthophyll 함량은 모두 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않아서 감귤부산물급여 영향이 없었다. 그러나 난황의 콜레스테롤 함량은 T0구의 1,207 mg/100 g보다 T1구의 1,168 mg/100 g이 유의적으로 낮으며 난백의 유리아미노산 중 L-glutamic acid 함량은 T0구의 39.22 ppm에 비하여 T1구의 58.54 ppm가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 그러므로 감귤부산물은 양계사료에 첨가하여 토종닭에 급여할 수 있으며 이는 효율적인 감귤부산물 처리 방안이 될 수 있겠다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2000

고선량 감마선 조사에 의한 계란의 저장 중 품질 변화를 측정하기 위해 신선란을 $^{60}Co$를 이용하여 조사선량을 0, 1, 5, 10, 30 kGy로 하여 조사한 후 30일간 저장 실험을 수행하였다. 조사된 계란의 품질 변화는 난황계수, 난황 색깔, 난백 pH, 난백 점도, 계란 중량, 난백 단백질의 SDS-PAGE 패턴, circular dichroism(CD), fluorescence spectroscopy 등을 측정함으로써 살펴보았다. 저장기간 중 난황계수는 감마선 조사된 계란과 대조구 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 선량이 증가할수록 난황계수는 감소하였고 10 kGy와 30 kGy 등 고선량으로 조사된 계란에서 난황계수가 일시적으로 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 난황 색깔은 선량이 증가함에 따라 밝은 노란색을 나타냈으나 저장 기간 동안 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 난백 점도는 선량이 증가할수록 감소하였고 저장 중 점도가 감소하는 현상을 보였으며 조사된 계란의 난백 pH가 대조구에 비해 높았고 저장 중 pH는 증가를 보였다. 저장 중 난중 감소율은 증가하였고 선량별 뚜렷한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 난백 단백질의 SDS-PAGE 패턴은 조사 선량이 증가할수록 단백질의 변화가 켰는데 10 kGy 이상 고선량 조사에서는 저분자화 뿐만 아니라 고분자화 패턴도 보였다. CD와 fluorescence spectroscopy 결과 또한 감마선조사에 의한 단백질의 2차, 3차구조 변화를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 계란의 감마선조사에 있어 품질 유지를 위해서는 선량 범위에 있어 보다 신중을 기해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein sources (soybean meal, SBM; low-gossypol cottonseed meal, LCSM; double-zero rapeseed meal, DRM) on laying performance, egg quality, and plasma parameters of laying hens. Methods: A total of 432 32-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. The birds were fed diets containing SBM, $LCSM_{100}$, or $DRM_{100}$ individually or in combination with an equal amount of crude protein (CP) ($LCSM_{50}$, $DRM_{50}$, and $LCSM_{50}-DRM_{50}$). The experimental diets, which were isocaloric (metabolizable energy, 11.11 MJ/kg) and isonitrogenous (CP, 16.5%), had similar digestible amino acid profile. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks. Results: The daily egg mass was decreased in the $LCSM_{100}$ and $LCSM_{50}-DRM_{50}$ groups (p<0.05) in weeks 41 to 44. The $LCSM_{50}$ group did not affect egg production compared to the SBM group in weeks 41 to 44 (p>0.05) and showed increased yolk color at the end of the trial (p<0.05). Compared to the SBM group, the $LCSM_{100}$ and $LCSM_{50}-DRM_{50}$ groups showed decreased albumen weight (p<0.05), CP weight in the albumen (p<0.05) and CP weight in the whole egg (p<0.05) at 44 weeks. Plasma total protein (TP) levels were lower in the $LCSM_{100}$ group than in the SBM group at 44 weeks (p<0.05); however, TP, albumin, and globulin levels were not significantly different between the $LCSM_{50}$ group and the SBM group or between the $DRM_{50}$ group and the SBM group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Together, our results suggest that the $LCSM_{100}$ or $DRM_{100}$ diets may produce the adverse effects on laying performance and egg quality after feeding for 8 more weeks. The 100.0 g/kg LCSM diet or the 148.7 g/kg DRM diet has no adverse effects on laying performance and egg quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation and palm kernel meal (PKM) inclusion (5%) on laying performance, egg quality and nutrient utilizability of laying hens with 73 weeks of age. A total of 240 Lohmann brown laying hens with average 77.5% egg production were randomly allocated with 60 hens per treatment, 4 replicates per treatment and 15 hens per replicate. Experimental design was a completely randomized design with $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, with the factors being (1) two levels of PKM (0 vs. 5%) and (2) with or without dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase (480 IU/kg of diet CTCzyme$^{(R)}$) supplementation. All hens were housed in cages ($35cmW{\times}35cmD{\times}40cmH$) with 2 hens per cage for six weeks feeding trial. Laying performance was recorded daily during feeding trial. Egg quality, nutrients utilizability and blood assays were done at the end of feeding trial. Egg production was improved (P<0.05) by both dietary PKM inclusion and ${\beta}$-mannanase combined supplementation. Either ${\beta}$-mannanase or PKM did not affect feed intakes and feed conversion ratio of all diets. Egg weight of hens fed diet containing 5% of PKM had heavier (P<0.05) eggs compared with hens fed without PKM. Albumen height was improved (P<0.05) by dietary mannanase supplementation. Crude fat utilization of 5% PKM diet was higher than that of no PKM diet regardless of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation. Both DM and total carbohydrate utilization were decreased (P<0.05) in hens fed 5% PKM diet. Serum IgG and yolk IgY contents of PKM groups were lower (P<0.05) than those of no PKM groups. This result showed that 5% PKM diet, independent of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation, was able to improve egg production. In addition, dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation could be used for improving the albumen height of eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1458-1463
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• 2016

A 42-d study with 384 Hy-line brown laying hens was conducted to assess the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hens were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups of 8 cages each, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 9 (OCT9), 18 (OCT18), and 27 (OCT27) mg/kg diet of octacosanol isolated from rice bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an environmental controlled house and hens were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake. Laying performance was determined over the 42-d period, and egg quality as well as blood metabolites were estimated on d 21 and d 42. Diets in OCT18 and OCT27 increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, egg albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell strength on d 42, but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion rate and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum as compared to those of Control. Feed intake, yolk color, yolk diameter, eggshell thickness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Results demonstrate that supplementing 18 to 27 mg/kg diet of rice bran octacosanol can improve laying rate and egg quality and reduce blood lipid of laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.944-947
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• 2007

This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary garlic powder on laying performance, egg traits and blood serum cholesterol level of quails. A total of three hundred quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged nine weeks were used. They were allocated to 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment comprised 5 replicates of 20 quails. The diets were supplemented with 0, 5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder. The experimental period lasted 21 weeks. The addition of garlic powder did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit. Adding 5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder to the laying quail diets increased egg weight (p<0.01). Egg yolk cholesterol and blood serum cholesterol concentration were reduced with garlic powder supplementation. The results of this study demonstrated that garlic powder addition had a significant cholesterol-reducing effect in serum and egg yolk without adverse effects on performance and egg traits of laying quails.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1617-1621
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• 2002

Two hundred and sixteen single comb white egg layers of the White Leghorn hens of 24 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 12 groups with three replications of six hens in each. Hens were fed in a factorial arrangement 2${\times}3{\times}$2, on diets containing either 16 or 18% crude protein with 0, 3 or 6% fish meal, replacing groundnut meal with soybean meal. Soybean meal incorporation improved (p<0.05) egg production, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and egg weights. Egg quality traits of specific gravity, shape index, albumen index, yolk index and shell thickness remained unchanged. Laying performance was significantly (p<0.05) better at 18% than on 16% dietary protein level. Use of fish meal linearly improved egg production and feed conversion efficiency on diets supplemented with groundnut meal and fish meal incorporation showed quadratic improvement on feed conversion efficiency with SBM diets at 16% dietary protein level. Therefore, use of soybean meal as substitute of groundnut meal is recommended in layer diets, at 16% dietary protein level and fish meal incorporation could be beneficial for layers.