• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-118
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• 1989

The cardiotoxic effects of acute and chronic administration of adriamycin (ADR) were evaluated in A/J Swiss albino mice. In acute studies, male mice received intravenous ADR, 5mg or 15mg/kg per day for 3 or 1day and were sacrifice 12 hours later. Because the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system is major pathway for free radical detoxication, glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured. In acute studies, ADR-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased levels(p<0.05) of total glutathione and unchanged levels of oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione. The earliest myocardial fine structural alterations included swelling and degeneration of mitochondria and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum at all dosage of acute models. In chronic studies, mice received 5mg/kg ADR once a week for up to 16 weeks. Levels of total and reduced glutathione were decreased significantly(p<0.01) and oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione were increased significantly (p<0.05). Chronic myocardial lesions included perinuclear vacuolization, seperation of myofibrils and the fasciae adherens of intercalated disc and hypercontraction band within myocyte. Glutathione peroxidase activity reduced significantly (p<0.01) in any group of acute and chronic ADR-treated animals. Test for lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde) was increased significantly(P<0.01). Thus, we conclude 1) ADR significantly lowers glutathione levels in heart tissue, and 2) cellular damage progress produced by alteration of this system in mouse models of ADR cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system may be involved in the modulation of ADR-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.319-322
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• 1997

벼의 미수분자방배양에서도 저온처리의 효과가 인정되어 $12^{\circ}C$에 10일동안 전처리된 자방배양에서 캘러스형성률과 식물체 재분화율이 각각 10.7%와 38.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 액체배지에서 보다 6 g/L의 gelrite를 첨가한 고체배지에 자방을 배양하였을 때 식물체 재분화율이 높게 나타났다. 미수분 자방을 1 mg/L의 picloram이 첨가된 배지에 배양하였을 때 녹색체 분화율이 가장 높았고, picloram의 농도가 그 이상 증가함에 따라 백색체의 출현빈도가 높아지는 경향이었다. 저온처리된 이삭으로부터 자방만 분리하여 배양하였을때는 캘러스가 형성되지 않았으나 내외영의 일부와 자방 및 소지경이 2차지경에 부착된 상태로 배양하였을때 캘러스 형성률과 식물체 재분화율이 각각 9.4%와 39.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.3-35
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• 2020

스마트시티에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 새로운 정보통신기술, 도시계획, 도시경제발전, 보건 등의 다양한 분야가 스마트시티 연구 혹은 실무에 적용된다. 그래서 스마트시티에 대한 정의는 다양하게 진화하고 있으며 때로는 혼란도 가지고 온다. 연구자들의 전공에 따라 개별적으로 연구되고 있는 스마트시티에 관한 전반적인 리뷰연구가 필요하다고 본다. 따라서, 이 논문에서 스마트시티라는 아이디어가 어떻게 발전해 왔으며, 주요 구성요소 그리고 실제적으로 집행되어 왔는지 정리해 보고자 한다. 특히 최근 2016년부터 지금까지 진행되어 온 학술적 연구들에 대해 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 이전 초기부터의 연구 정리는 Albino외 (2015), Cochia(2014)연구를 참조하면 된다. 이 리뷰논문에서는 먼저 스마트시티의 다양한 정의에 대해 소개하고 논의하였다. 두 번째로는 스마트 시티를 구성하는 여러 가지 관련 용어를 정리하였다. 세 번째로는 스마트 시티 발전정도를 측정하려는 시도인 인덱스에 관한 연구를 정리하였다. 네 번째로는 스마트 시티 연구의 건설적 비판(critique)으로 연구방향을 제시한 자료들을 분석하였다. 다섯 번째로는 스마트시티 연구를 어떻게 분류하고 구분할지에 대한 분류 체계(taxonomy)에 대한 제시가 있다. 여섯 번째로는 최근 가장 많이 언급되고 있는 여섯 가지의 분야- 스마트 경제, 스마트 거버넌스, 스마트 리빙, 스마트 피플, 스마트 환경, 스마트 모빌리티-에 대해 리뷰 하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1983

This study was conducted to observe the nutritoinal effect of the diets supplemented with the leaf or trunk of ginseng in rats. The male albino rats (110 heads), Sprague-Dowley strain weighing 75g to 79g, were used as the experimental animals. And twelve kinds of animal diets were prepared. The animals were divided into twelve diet groups and maintained with corresponding diet for 40 days, and then sacrificed. After sacrificing the animals, the contents of some chemical components in some organs and serum were analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) The lipid contents of the liver in the experimental diet groups added ginseng steamed leaf or trunk were significantly lower than those in the control group. And the cholesterol contents of liver in the diet groups supplemented with ginseng steamed 4% leaf and 2% trunk were very significantly lower than those in the control group. 2) The total protein contents of serum in each experimental diet group supplemented with ginseng steamed leaf or trunk were lower than those in the control group, but not significant. 3) The glucose contents of serum in each experimental diet group supplemented with ginseng steamed leaf or trunk were lower than those in the control group, especially, those in experimental group added ginseng steamed 4% trunk were significantly lower than those in the control group. 4) The lipid contents of serum in the experimental diet groups added ginseng steamed 4% leaf and 2% trunk were significantly lower than those in the control group. The cholesterol of serum in the experimental diet groups added ginseng steamed leaf and 2% trunk were significantly lower those in the control group. 5) The ratios of ${\alpha}$-lipoprotein fraction in each experimental diet group were over than those in the group. but not significant.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the acidosis on the gastric acid secretion in the isolated whole stomach of the rat and the effect of prostaglandin $E_1$ on the gastric acid secretion influenced by the acidosis. Twenty-two male albino rats(Sprague-Dawley strain) were used. The isolated whole stomach from each rat was introduced into the Kreb's solution which was continuously gassed with $95%O_2-5%CO_2$ for 1 hour, after irrigation of the lumen with cold physiological saline$(4^{\circ}C)$. Thereafter, each stomach was irrigated again with 5% dextrose solution (pH 7.4, $37^{\circ}C$), and filled with the dextrose solution. All the stomachs with the dextrose solution were divided into 4 groups according to the Kreb's solutions in which each stomach was incubated for 30 min: 1) control group, in the pH 7.4 solution, 2) $PGE_1$ group, in the pH 7.4 solution containing $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of $PGE_1$, 3) acid group, in the pH 7.0 solution, and 4) $acid+PGE_1$ group, in the pH 7.0 solution containing $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of $PGE_1$. After incubatory period, the contents of each stomach were collected and centrifuged(1,500 rpm, room temperature) for 15 min. The acid output in the supernatant was determined with 0.012 N NaOH by means of autotitrator(Dosimat, Metrohm Herisau Co.) at pH 7.4. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The acid output of the acid group increased significantly in comparison with the control value. 2) The acid output of the $acid+PGE_1$ group decreased significantly in comparison with the acid group. It is inferred from the above results that the acidosis facilitates the gastric acid secretion and $PGE_1$ inhibits the gastric acid secretion induced by the acidosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1971

In an attempt to better understand the effect of whole body X-irradiation on the spontaneous motility of the isolated mouse duodenum and to clarify the possible radioprotective notion of reduced glutathione (GSH), a whole body X-irradiation of 1,000r was given to albino mouse either singularly or immediately after injecting GSH intraperitoneally to mouse in the dose of 1mg per gm of body weight. The total length of contraction of the isolated duodenum was recorded on kymograph every five minutes for 60 minutes, and the comparison was made with the control (i.e., normal). The results thus obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The spontaneous motility of the isolated duodenum in the X·irradiated groups showed a significantly elevated pattern for the first 15 minutes comparing with the control. The motility, however, decreased after 15 minutes and remained so in the X-irradiated groups to the level of the non-irradiated control, but 12 hours post-irradiation group showed a significantly increased motility throughout the experiment comparing with the control. 2. When GSH was injected intraperitoneally Prior to the whole body X·irradiation with 1,000r, the spontaneous motility of the isolated duodenum of mouse showed a significantly decreased pattern for the first 10 and 15 minutes comparing with the X·irradiated group followed by the similar motility thereafter comparing with the control and X-irradiated groups. 3. The above results suggest that GSH is effective as a radioprotector in terms of the motility of the isolated mouse duodenum.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.385-391
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• 2002

Panax ginseng (family- Araliaceae) is a native plant of Korea and has been used for past several years among oriental people. To evaluate the radioprotective potential of P. ginseng on the formation of giant cells in the testis of Swiss albino mice, the animals were divided into four groups: -(I)-Only vehicle was administered. (II)P. ginseng treated group: -The animals received 10 mg/kg body weight P. ginseng root extract (in DDW) i.p. continuously for 30 days. (III) Irradiated group: -The animals were exposed to 8 Gy gamma radiation at the dose rate of 1.69 Gy/min at the distance of 80 ems. (IV) Combined treatment group: -Animals were given P. ginseng extract for four days and on fourth day they were irradiated to 8 Gy gamma radiation after 30 minute of extract administration. The animals of these three groups were autopsied on day 1,3, 7, 14 and 30 days. In ginseng treated group, active spermatogenesis was observed without any toxic effect. Histopathological studies of irradiated group (II) revealed reduction in germ cell count, loss of sperms and formation of multinucleated giant cells on day 7th. These giant cells were formed by round nuclei of early or late spermatids. In combination group (III), although germinal epithelium was still disorganized with loss of cells in few tubules, but no giant cell formation was observed. In order to know the mechanism of radioprotection of ginseng, LPO and GSH were estimated. It was observed that pretreated irradiated animals showed inhibition of LPO and increase in GSH. Thus the present study suggests ginseng protects male gonads. This may be attributed to the inhibition of LPO and increase synthesis of GSH byginseng.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.12-26
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Sagunjatang-Gami(SGJT) on uterine and ovarian function in the ovariectomized rat postmenopause model. Methods: SGJT was administered in ovariectomized Wister albino female rats for three month. After that, uterine weight, uterine index, serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels and phosphorylation of ERK or AKT, and histological analysis of uterus were measured to assess the impact on uterine and ovarian function in ovariectomized rats. In addition, phosphorylation of $ER{\alpha}$, ERK, AKT by SGJT in MDA-MB-231 cells were measured. To identify safety of SGJT, the cell cytoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells and serum GOT, GPT levels were measured in ovariectomized rats. Results: The results were as follows. 1. SGJT decreased the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. The level of serum GOT, GPT in SGJT-treated group showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. 3. Phosphorylation of $ER{\alpha}$, ERK, AKT by SGJT in MDA-MB-231 cells were increased. 4. Uterus index in SGJT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. The level of serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in SGJT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. Phosphorylation of ERK or AKT by SGJT in the uterus of ovariectomized rats was increased significantly. 5. Uterus index and the level of serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in SGJT-treated group increased at higher rates in comparison with estrogen-treated group. Conclusions: Taken together, we suggest that SGJT has been shown to be effective in preventing postmenopausal uterine and ovarian degeneration and curing postmenopausal low estrogen related symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the possibility that curcumin (CMN) protects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage by affecting the phospho-p38 (p-p38) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given an intragastric administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) daily for 14 days, the MTX group was given a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) on the 11th day, and the MTX+CMN group was given intragastric CMN (100 mg/kg/day, dissolved in DMSO) for 14 days and a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) on the 11th day. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed and the testicular tissues were removed for morphometry, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Body and testicular weights were measured. Results: Body weights, seminiferous tubule diameter, and germinal epithelium height significantly decreased in the MTX group compared to the control group. Whereas, the number of histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial space width significantly increased in the MTX group. In addition, the number of p-p38 MAPK immunopositive cells and the immunoreactivity of NF-κB also increased in the MTX group compared to the control group. CMN improved loss of body weight, morphometric values, and histological damage due to MTX. CMN also reduced the number of p-p38 MAPK immunopositive cells and the NF-κB immunoreactivity. Conclusion: CMN may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage by suppressing the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. After surgical insertion of titanium implants into the metaphyseal part of the tibial bone, rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CNT group) and an experimental restraint stress group (RS group). In the CNT group, titanium implants were inserted surgically, and rats received no further treatment during the 47-day experimental period. In the RS group, restraint stress was applied for 3 hours per day for 45 days, beginning 2 days after implant surgery. Weight of the rats was measured prior to surgery and at the end of the study to analyze the effects of stress. At the end of the experimental period, rats were euthanized, and implants and surrounding bone tissues were used for undecalcified histological analysis. Serum cortisol levels were assessed in cardiac blood samples from the rats following centrifugation. Results: Average weight of rats in the RS group was lower than that of rats in the CNT group after the experimental protocol had been completed (P<0.05). Further, serum cortisol levels were higher in the RS group than in the CNT group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in boneimplant connection levels between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The data analyzed in this study suggest that chronic restraint stress did not adversely affect rats during a 45-day osseointegration period.