• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2012

Background: Adequate assessment and control of sedation play crucial roles in the proper performance of mechanical ventilation. Methods: A total of 30 patients with various pulmonary diseases were prospectively enrolled. The study population was randomized into two groups. The sedation assessment group (SAG) received active protocol-based control of sedation, and in the empiric control group (ECG), the sedation levels were empirically adjusted. Subsequently, daily interruption of sedation (DIS) was conducted in the SAG. Results: In the SAG, the dose of midazolam was significantly reduced by control of sedation (day 1, $1.3{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/kg/min$; day 2, $0.9{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/kg/min$; p<0.01), and was significantly lower than the ECG on day 2 (p<0.01). Likewise, on day 2, sedation levels were significantly lower in the SAG than in the ECG. Significant relationship was found between Ramsay sedation scale and Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS; $r_s$=-0.57), Ramsay Sedation Scale and Bispectral Index (BIS; $r_s$=0.77), and RASS and BIS ($r_s$=-0.79). In 10 patients, who didn't require re-sedation after DIS, BIS showed the earliest and most significant changes among the sedation scales. Ventilatory parameters showed significant but less prominent changes, and hemodynamic parameters didn't show significant changes. No seriously adverse events ensued after the implementation of DIS. Conclusion: Active assessment and control of sedation significantly reduced the dosage of sedatives in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. DIS, conducted in limited cases, suggested its potential efficacy and tolerability.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

Only if the secret key stored in the engine ECU matches car key stored in the car, immobilizer system is a car anti-theft system that automobile engine takes. To take an action as soon in case of losing car key or being stolen, the ASPI protocol is proposed for assigning a new password after finishing user authentication by the smart phone etc. The shortcoming point of that directly bring the car to a service center in case of losing key can be complemented by the proposed protocol. In case of the car and key both are theft together, the car can be stopped soon.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.513-522
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• 2019

It is not easy to refuel quickly and safely with 70 MPa hydrogen. This is because the temperature in the vehicle tank rises sharply due to Joule-Thomson effect, etc. Thus protocols such as SAE J2601 in the United States and JPEC-S 0003 in Japan were established. However, they have the problem of over-complexity and lack of versatility by setting the preconditions for hot and cold cases and introducing a number of look-up tables. This study was conducted with the ultimate goal of developing new protocols based on complete real-time communication. Thermodynamic models were made and programs were developed for hydrogen refueling simulations. Simulation results confirmed that there are five parameters in the influencing factors of the hydrogen refueling protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.826-841
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• 2018

The military satellite communication of ROK military, ANASIS is designed for analog data such as voice and streaming data. ANASIS cannot fully support ALL-IP communications due to its long propagation delay. The next generation satellite communication system is being designed to overcome the limitation. Next generation satellite communications system considers both high-speed and low-speed networks to support various operating environment. The low-speed satellite supports both broadband and narrow-band communication. This network works as the infrastructure for of wide-area internetworking over multiple AS's in the terrestrial network. It requires minimum satellite frequency and minimum power and works without PEP and router. In this paper, we propose a network operation structure to enable the inter-operation between high and low-speed satellite networks. In addition, we propose a data link protocol for low speed satellite networks.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1493-1503
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• 1999

ATM Clustering System과 같이 SAN(System Area Network) 환경에서 동작하는 시스템은 낮은 지연시간과 넓은 대역폭의 네트워크가 필수적이나 기존의 에러 복구 프로토콜들은 이러한 요구를 충족시키기에는 큰 오버헤드를 가지고 있다. 제안된 새로운 에러 복구 프로토콜은 ATM Clustering System 환경에서 최적의 성능을 나타내는 light-weight 프로토콜로 에러가 없는 상황과 에러 복구가 진행중인 상황에 따라 acknowledgement 주기를 적응적으로 변화시키는 adaptive acknowledgement scheme를 제안하여 적용하였다. 제안된 프로토콜은 상용 툴인 SDT를 이용한 논리 검증 받았고, DEVSim++ 환경에서의 성능 분석을 통해 프로토콜이 최상의 성능을 보이기 위한 파라메터 값을 찾았고, 이 값을 적용하였을 때의 성능을 기존의 프로토콜과 비교하여 제안된 프로토콜이 더 우수함을 확인하였다.Abstract While a system working with SAN, such as ATM Clustering System, requires a network with low latency and wide bandwidth, the previous error recovery protocols have a serious network overhead to satisfy this requirement. The suggested error recovery protocol is a light-weight protocol which can shows its best performance at ATM Clustering System and uses a newly suggested adaptive acknowledgement scheme. In the adaptive acknowledgement scheme, the period of acknowledgement is dynamically changed depending on the state of the network. We proved the logical correctness of our protocol with SDT and did performance analysis with DEVSim++. From the analysis, we found the optimal parameter values for best performance and showed that our protocol works better than the previous error recovery protocols.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.249-254
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• 2014

Recent advancement of USN technology has lent itself to the evolving communication technology for implantable devices in the field of medical service. The wireless transmission section for communication between implantable medical devices and patients is a cause of concern over invasion of privacy, resulting from external attackers' hacking and thus leakage of private medical information. In addition, any attempt to manipulate patients' medical information could end up in serious medical issues. The present study proposes an authentication protocol safe against intruders' attacks when RFID/USN technology is applied to implantable medical devices. Being safe against spoofing, information exposure and eavesdropping attacks, the proposed protocol is based on hash-function operation and adopts session keys and random numbers to prevent re-encryption. This paper verifies the security of the proposed protocol using the formal verification tool, Casper/FDR.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

An improved protocol for high frequency plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo-derived cell suspension cultures of watershield (Brasenia schreberi) was developed. Zygotic embryos formed pale-yellow globular structures and white friable callus at a frequency of 80% when cultured on halfstrength MS medium supplemented with $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D. However, the frequency of formation of pale-yellow globular structures and white friable callus decreased slightly with increasing concentrations of 2,4-D up to $3mg\;l^{-1}$, where the frequency reached ~50% of the control. Cell suspension cultures from zygotic embryoderived white friable callus were established using half-strength MS medium supplemented with $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D. Upon plating of cell aggregates on half-strength MS basal medium, approximately 8.3% gave rise to somatic embryos and developed into plantlets. However, the frequency of plantlet development from cell aggregates was sharply increased (by up to 55%) when activated charcoal and zeatin were applied. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to potting soil and grown to normal plants in a growth chamber. The distinctive feature of this study is the establishment of a high frequency plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo-derived cell suspension cultures of water-shield, which has not been previously reported. The protocol for plant regeneration of watershield through somatic embryogenesis could be useful for the mass propagation and transformation of selected elite lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.371-374
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• 2009

This Paper deal with a design, making a prtotype and test methods of Real-time towed Line Array Sensor Data processing board for fast data communication and long range transmission with SFM(Serial FPDP Module) through Optic-fiber channel. The LAS A,B,C group Data from towed line array sensor which is installed in FFX(Fast Frigate eXperimental) of Korean Navy is packed a previously agreed protocol and transmitted to the Signal processing unit. Consider the limited space of VME 6U size, LAS Data processing board is designed with MPC8265 PowerPC Controller of Freescale for main system control and Altera's CycloneIII FPGA for sensor data packing, self-test simulation data generation, S/W FIFO et cetera. LAS Data processing board have VxWorks, the RTOS(Real Time Operating System) that present many device drivers, peripheral control libraries on board for real-time data processing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.219-223
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• 2014

In line with the advanced wireless communication technology, M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication has drawn attention in industry. M2M communication features are installed and operated in the fields where human accessibility is highly limited such as disaster, safety, construction, health and welfare, climate, environment, logistics, culture, defense, medical care, agriculture and stockbreeding. In M2M communication, machine replaces people for automatic communication and countermeasures as part of unmanned information management and machine operation. Wireless M2M inter-device communication is likely to be exposed to intruders' attacks, causing security issues, which warrants proper security measures including cross-authentication of whether devices are legitimate. Therefore, research on multiple security protocols has been conducted. The present study applied SessionKey, HashFunction and Nonce to address security issues in M2M communication and proposed a safe protocol with reinforced security properties. Notably, unlike most previous studies arguing for the security of certain protocols based on mathematical theorem proving, the present study used the formal verification with Casper/FDR to prove the safety of the proposed protocol. In short, the proposed protocol was found to be safe and secure.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

Many multimedia presentation applications involve retrieval of objects from more than one collaborating server. Presentations of objects from different collaborating servers might be interdependent. This implies that objects should be retrieved from remote servers and delivered continuously according to given time constraints. Such applications need an estimate of the avaliable network resources to each of the collaborating servers and local system resources in order to identify a schedule for retrieving the objects composing the presentation. A collaborating server can suggest modifications of the retrieval schedule depending on its load. these modifications can potentially affect the retrieval schedule for other collaborating applications. Hence, a sequence of negotiations has to be carried out with the collaborating servers in order to commit for a retrieval schedule of the objects composing the presentation. In this paper, we propose an application sub-layer protocol, RLCP(Resource Lock Commit Protocol), for handling the negotiation and commitment of the resources required for a collaborative multimedia presentation and apply it to distributed video presentation application.