• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.117-120
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• 2013

Background: Desflurane has very short induction time because its physical characteristics. But its pungent odor and tendency to irritate the upper airway make it unsuitable for induction of anesthesia. This study was performed to determine what time is prefer to start the desflurane inhalation. Methods: Forty adults (17-45 years) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind study. Twenty start desflurane inhalation just after loss of consciousness, and the others received desflurane after intubation. We monitored vital signs, BIS, desflurane concentration, rocuronium injection pain response, and airway irritation signs. Results: The demographic data were not different two groups. Early inhalation group showed more stable cardiovascular response than that of late inhalation group. But rocuronium injection pain response and airway irritation sings were not different between two groups. Conclusions: Early inhalation of desflurane (6 vol%) just after loss of consciousness attenuates cardiovascular responses during intubation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.310-315
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• 2001

The soft tissue tumors that occur commonly in newborn infants include palatal and gingival cyst of the newborn, congenital epulis, hemangioma, teratoma, pyogenic granuloma, and irritation fibroma. Such soft tissue tumors in the alveolar ridge of newborns are usually treated by surgical excision. If untreated, they can cause airway obstruction and breathing difficulty due to aspiration. They also cause discomfort during oral feeding. If nasal feeding is tried, since vomitting is impossible, there is a risk of aspiration pneumonia. In this case, a newborn infant visited our hospital with soft tissue tumor as chief complaint, and the infant was treated by surgical excision. It appeared to be similar to pyogenic granuloma and irritation fibroma upon histologic exam. However, it was different from those diseases since multinucleated giant cells were observed and it was congenital. The pathologic process of this neoplasm is not clear. This case is reported, since it is difficult to classify it as a specific disease.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 1999

Intermaxillary fixation is routine procedure to oral and maxillofacial area in jaw bone fracture, surgical correction of jaw deformity, osseus reconstruction of jaw. After transoral surgery, accompanied by intermaxillary fixation, dysphagia or airway obstruction may be followed due to blood clot, vomitus, or laryngeal spasm resulting from irritation by blood or secretions. Lingual or pharyngeal edema is other contributing factors of airway obstruction. In addition, intermaxillary fixation itself may cause obstruction of airway. In this study, pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis were evaluated before and after intermaxillary fixation in 30 patients suffered from mandibular fractures. Comparative analysis was performed by estimated values. The results were as followed. 1. The spirometric values of FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% without intermaxillary fixation were reduced from 97.57%, 85.1%, 98.3,% to 71.7%, 66.5%, 61.2% with intermaxillary fixation, indicating the presence of obstructive pulmonary impairment. 2. Spirometric value of MVV, as the most influencing value of sensitive to extrapulmonary factors, was changed from 84.5% to 46.48%. 3. After intermaxillary fixation, the spirometric value of FVC, as indicator of restrictive pattern of pulmonary function, was not reduced significantly as measured from 94.47% to 89.97%. 4. $O_2$ saturation of arterial blood gas analysis without intermaxillary fixation was 97.86%. While intermaxillary fixation, $O_2$ saturation was 97.47%. The results indicate that careful airway management is mandatory undergoing intermaxillary fixation of various oral and maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 1998

Long-term exposure of cigarette smoke or air pollutants to human can induce damages in the airway mucociliary function and can be closely related to the irritation and sputum formation in the respiratory system. This study was undertaken to investigate whether rat trachea can be used as a tool for evaluating the cigarette smoke quality. It was identified that, through the examination with inverted microscope, ciliary beating in 1 mm long cut of nat trachea ring was continued for at least 48 hours in saline solution at $25^{\circ}C$. The ciliostasis time in a KCN solution as a positive control was decreased with increasing the concentration of KCN. There were no significant differences in the ciliostasis time by body weight and individual variation of rats. Ciliotoxicity of whole smoke trapped in saline was not significantly changed by aging for more than 6 hrs. The ciliostasis time was in inverse proportion to the number of sample cigarettes applied. As moisture in the cigarette was increased, ciliostasis time was linearly increased. Therefore, these data indicate that the ciliotoxicity test using rat trachea in vitro can be applied to evaluate the cigarette smoke quality and to search factors for the irritation and sputum formation by cigarette smoke as well as air pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2020

The tracheostomy directs external air into the airway tract. This process causes mucosal dryness, irritation and inflammation in the tracheo-bronchial tree. In order to prevent such problems, several methods are applied; ointment application, humidification and careful suction etc. The heat-moisture exchanger (HME) is commercially sold device that assists heating and humidification of the inhaled air. The authors experienced successful treatment outcome of intractable tracheitis caused by repetitive and vigorous intra-tracheal suction by applying HME in a total laryngectomized patient. We report an interesting and didactic case with a brief literature review.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1996

The larynx has three major functions such as protective reflex, respiration and phonation, and is richly innervated by sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The sensory innervation of the laryngeal mucosa, which is involved in the perception of pain, mechanical and chemical irritation, prtects the airway via various laryngeal reflexes. We studied the distribution of Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) sensory fibers in the rat's larynx using the immuno-histochemical methods. Many SP and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were found in all regions of the laryngeal mucosa except the vocal cords. SP immunoreactive fibers showed a very similar distribution to the CGRP fibers in the epithelium and submucosa. But SP immunoreactive fibers were sparser than CGRP immunoreactive fibers in distribution density. Both reactive fibers were denser in the supraglottic region than subglottic region. Especially, intraepithelial fibers displayed the densest innervation to the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. h the subepithelium, SP and CGRP immunoreactive fibers were distributed along the wall of vessels and around the glands. The present results suggest that the regional distribution of SP and CGRP immunoreactivity may be responsible for the protective reflex function of the laryngeal inlet.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2004

Respiratory effects in full time welders include bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and lung fibrosis. Welder's pneumoconiosis has been generally determined to be benign and not associated with respiratory symptoms based on the absence of pulmonary function abnormalities in welders with marked radiographic abnormalities. Accordingly, to investigate pulmonary function changes during 60 days induced by welding-fume exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to manual metal arc-stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes with concentrations of 64.8$\pm$0.9 mg/$m^3$ (low dose) and 107.8 $\pm$ 2.6 mg/$m^3$ (high dose) total suspended particulates for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week in an inhalation chamber for 60 days. Pulmonary function was measured every week with whole body plethysmograph compensated (WBP Comp, SFT38116, Buxco Electronics, Sharon, CT). The rats exposed to the high dose of welding fumes exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05~0.01) body weight decrease as compared to the control whereas cell number increase of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (total cell, macrophage, polymorphonuclear cell and lymphocyte) during the 60 days exposure period. And only tidal volume was significantly decreased in dosedependantly during 60 days of MMA-SS welding fume exposure. This pulmonary function change with inflammatory cell recruitment confirms the lung injury caused by the MMA-SS welding fume exposure.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2009

Indoor air quality at classrooms is of special concern since students are susceptible and indoor air problems can be so subtle that it does not always produce easily recognizable health effects. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the time-activity pattern of school students, to determine the sources of poor indoor air quality in schools, and to demonstrate how indoor air quality in schools causes adverse health effects such as headache, upper airway irritation, fatigue, and lethargy. Recent articles ranging from 1987-2009 related to school indoor air quality were systematically reviewed. Building-associated health effects can increase student absences from school and degrade the performance of children while in school. The reduced ventilation rate was associated with a decreased ability to concentrate along with increased adverse health symptoms. There was an association between residential proximity to busy roads and a variety of adverse respiratory health outcomes in children. Consequently, the current findings suggest the need for control strategy for school indoor air pollutants with multidisciplinary approach methods because Korea has no other natural resources except manpower especially.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.125-125
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• 2003

Respiratory effects in full time welders include bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and lung fibrosis. Welder's pneumoconiosis has been generally determined to be benign and not associated with respiratory symptoms based on the absence of pulmonary function abnormalities in welders with marked radiographic abnormalities.(omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2008

Purpose: Chlorine gas is a common irritant that usually causes mild respiratory symptoms. One severe symptom, RADS (Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome), is not well known to physicians. We analyzed the clinical features of chlorine gas exposure. Methods: We prospectively collected 25 cases of chlorine gas exposure near our emergency center on January 10th, 2007, and analyzed demographic data, event-to-ER interval, symptoms, and laboratory results based on medical records. Results: Only 2 patients out of 25 were admitted because of severe symptoms, the rest were discharged without complications. Sixty percent of them visited the ER within 12 h of exposure. The most common symptoms were chest discomfort (60%), headache (40%), nausea (40%), throat irritation (26%), and cough (32%). Two out of eight dyspnea cases showed abnormal pulmonary function, but only one case was diagnosed as RADS. Conclusion: Most symptoms after chlorine gas exposure can be treated conservatively. However, patients with chlorine exposure should be followed up long term for delayed complications.