• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.199-212
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• 2005

Objective : Airway inflammation is now regarded as a defining feature of asthma. The importance of eosinophits in the airway inflammation of asthma patients is widely recognized, and eosinophils mobilization in the respiratory epithelium is activated by chemoattractants and cytokines. This study was designed to examine the extent of the ability of Moutan Cortex Radicis to inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis of pulmonary epithelium after allergic stimulation. Material and Methods : Water extracts of Moutan Cortex Radicis and pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549(human type II-like epithelial cells) and human eosinophils were used. Cytotoxic effects of Moutan Cortex Radicis were estimated via MTS assay, and the effects of Moutan Cortex Radicis on chemokines from prestimulated A549 cells were estimated by sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR. Chemotaxis assay on prestimulated eosinophils treated with Moutan Cortex Radicis. was conducted Result : In this study we demonstrated that $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-4, $IL-1{\beta}$ induced the accumulation of chemokines' mRNA in the pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549 in a dose-dependent manner. Chemokines of eotaxin, ICAM-1, YCAM-1, IL-8, IL-16 were inhibited by Moutan Cortex Radicis in a dose dependent manner, but RANTES showed no inhibition due to Moutan Cortex Radicis. Eosinophil migration was inhibited at high concentrations of Moutan Cortex Radicis. Conculusion : These findings are indicative of supression of chemokines accomplished by Moutan Cortex Radicis treatment, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of Moutan Cortex Radicis for treating diseases such as asthma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.861-868
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• 1999

재발성 다발성 연골염은 전신 연골에 염증반응을 특징으로 하는 드문 전신 질환으로, 대개 외이나 비부의 연골 침범이 가장 흔한 증상이나, 이러한 특징적 증상 없이 기도에 연골염의 형태로 발현하는 경우도 드물게 보고되어 있다. 저자들은 최근 64세 남자에서 흔히 발생하는 연골의 침범에 의한 전형적인 증상없이 미만성 기도 연골 침범으로 발현한 재발성 다발성 연골염 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2017

HemoHIM, herbal preparation has designed for immune system recovery. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of HemoHIM on cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model. To induce COPD, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (eight cigarettes per day) for 4 weeks and intranasally received LPS on day 26. HemoHIM was administrated to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg 1h before CS exposure. HemoHIM reduced the inflammatory cell count and levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by CS+LPS exposure. HemoHIM decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway and inhibited the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 and phosphorylation of Erk in lung tissue exposed to CS+LPS. In summary, our results indicate that HemoHIM inhibited a reduction in the lung inflammatory response on CS and LPS induced lung inflammation via the Erk pathway. Therefore, we suggest that HemoHIM has the potential to treat pulmonary inflammatory disease such as COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2022

Background: Bronchiectasis patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation develop symptoms of chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent exacerbations. Roflumilast has anti-inflammatory actions via decreased neutrophilic airway inflammation. The effectiveness of roflumilast to reduce bronchiectasis exacerbation has never been evaluated. Methods: We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Our primary objective was to assess the effect of roflumilast compared with that of a placebo in reducing exacerbation rates in bronchiectasis patients. The secondary objectives were the changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Bronchiectasis patients older than 18 years who had had two exacerbations during the previous 12 months were randomly assigned to receive either 500 ㎍ of either roflumilast or a placebo once daily for 6 months in a 1:1 ratio. Results: Forty bronchiectasis patients who had experienced exacerbations were screened. Thirty patients completed the study after 6 months of treatment: roflumilast group (n=15) and placebo group (n=15). The rates of exacerbations were 0.57 and 0.59 per patient in the roflumilast and placebo groups, respectively. Prebronchodilator FEV₁ increased by 0.07 L from baseline in the roflumilast group and decreased by 0.015 L in the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. No significant differences were observed in the change of SGRQ scores between the roflumilast and placebo groups. Roflumilast had significant side effects, including loss of appetite and headache. Conclusion: Roflumilast did not significantly affect the rate of exacerbations or quality of life. However, FEV₁ tended to improve more in the roflumilast group than in the placebo group.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objectives : The root of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg (Peucedani Japonici Radix; PJR) has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of anti-headache, anti-paralysis, anti-cancer, vascular protection, and blood pressure regulation. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of PJR water extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized at days 1, 8 and 15 with OVA and airway challenged at days 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 to induced allergic asthma. PJR-W extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/body weight (bw) was orally administered during OVA challenge once per a day. The levels of allergic mediators such as immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4) were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : The administration of PJR-W extract significantly decreased the serum levels of IgE, IL-4, and IFN-${\gamma}$ compared with those of OVA control group. In H&E staining, PJR-E extract inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation and the inflammatory cells infiltration in the peribronchial regions of the lung. Conclusions : These results indicate that PJR-W extract has an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect on allergic response through the down-regulation of allergic mediators, suggesting that this herb may be used as a useful source for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

Objectives : To clarify the possible effects of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a asthmatic mouse model. Methods : BALBav/c mice were sensitized to OVA followed intratracheally and by aerosol allergene challenges. We investigated the effect of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen on airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophiic infitratio, immune cell phenotype, The2 cytokine product, and OVA-spedific IgE production. Results : Total lung cells, eosinophils, and lung leukocytes, OVA specific IgE levels, and Th 2cytokine levels such as IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-alpha, and eotaxin in BALF were reduced compared with those of OVA sensitized asthma mice (control). The absolute numbers of $CD3^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD3^-/CCR3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $B220^+/CD22^+$, $B220^+/IgE^+$ cells in lung tissiues significantly reduced compared to those of control. Specially total lung cells in BALF and the absolute number of $CD3^+/CD69^+$ and, $B220^+/IgE^+$ cells in lung tissiue effectively reduced in Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen compared to those of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen. Conclusions : These results indicate that Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen has deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in asmatic mouse model and also has effect of suppression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, OVA specific IgE production in BALF. The results verified that Sinapis Semen, Raphani Semen, and Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen could act as a immunomodulator which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic property by modulating the relationship of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2014

레몬 오일의 향장효과와 각성효과는 미용분야와 심리치료분야에서 폭넓게 증명되어 왔다. 그러나 레몬 오일의 항천식과 항염증에 대한 고유한 효과에 대해 입증된 바는 드물다. 이 논문은 OVA로 유도된 천식 생쥐 모델에서 항천식 및 항염증 효과에 대해 증명하고자 수행되었다. OVA로 유도된 천식 생쥐 모델을 정상군, 대조군, 양성대조군 그리고 실험군으로 구성된 4집단으로 분류하였다. 0.3%의 레몬오일을 실험군에 3주간, 1주에 3회, 1회 30분간 흡입시켰다. 최초 실험일로부터 6주 후 기도 과민성의 정도, 혈액학적 변화, 혈청 내 사이토카인의 변화, 기도조직의 변화를 평가하였다. 실험 결과 레몬 오일은 효과적으로 기도과민성 억제 및 호산구의 세포증식 억제, IgE의 생성 억제를 통하여 기도의 염증 반응 및 과민반응을 유의성 있게 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2022

Background: Current research suggests that humans are exposed to microplastics through consumption of foods and beverages, the airway route, and a variety of other means. Objectives: We evaluated oxidative stress and inflammation from polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) in the neonatal liver through intragastric administration or intratracheal instillation in pregnant mice. Methods: PE-MPs were administered from gestational day 9 to postnatal day 7. The intragastric administration group (0.01 mg/mouse/day or 0.1 mg/mouse/day) and intratracheal instillation group (6 ㎍/mouse/day or 60 ㎍/mouse/day) of PE-MPs were administered. After sacrifice, the oxidative stress and inflammation of the neonatal livers were measured. Results: As a result of the oxidative stress caused by PE-MPs in the neonatal livers, glutathione peroxidase decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the intragastric administration group compared to the control group and intratracheal instillation decreased in high concentration PE-MPs. The catalase level increased at high concentrations of intragastric administration and intratracheal instillation. To confirm the level of inflammation caused by PE-MPs, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factoralpha were increased compared to the control group except for intratracheal intilation-high concentration PEMPs. The C-reactive protein level was decreased by intragastric administration compared to the control group and intratracheal instillation was increased compared to the control group. Conclusions: Despite the difficulty in comparing the toxic intensity between intragastric administration and intratracheal instillation of PE-MPs, our study revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation were induced in the neonatal liver. However, it is necessary to evaluate the toxic effects of microplastics on various organs as well. Overall, the present study indicates that the evaluation of toxic effects of long-term microplastic exposure, potential of microplastic toxicity on next-generation offspring and toxicity mechanism in human should be considered for further investigations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2003

배경 : 본 연구에서는 세균성 리포다당질(lipopolysac-charide, LPS)로 인한 호중구성 염증이 EGFR 시스템을 통해서 배상 세포의 이형성 및 점액의 과다 분비를 유발할 것이라는 가설 하에, LPS와 MMPs 억제제(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, MMPI)를 투여한 후 EGFR 및 MMP-9의 발현을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : Pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley 를, 다양한 농도의 LPS를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 기도의 조직학적인 변화를 날짜 별로 관찰하였고, MMPI(CMT-3)를 LPS 투여 3일 전부터 매일 구강을 통해 섭식시켰다. 호중구의 침윤은 다섯 개의 고배율 시야에서 관찰된 호중구의 수로 정량화하여 비교하였고, mucus glycoconjugate에 대한 AB/PAS 염색 및 MUC5AC, EGFR, MMP-9에 대한 면역조직화학 염색 (immunohistochemical stain)을 시행하였다 결과 : LPS를 투여한 경우 기도 상피의 AB/PAS 및 MUC5AC의 염색 정도는 시간 및 용량 의존적으로 증가하였고, MMPI를 치료할 경우에 LPS로 인한 배상세포의 과형성이 유의하게 감소하였다. LPS를 주입할 경우 호중구의 침윤이 증가하였고 기도 상피에서 EGFR의 발현을 증가시켰다. MMPI로 치료할 경우 LPS로 인한 호중구의 침윤 및 EGFR의 발현 그리고 배상세포의 과형성이 현저하게 감소되었다. 결론 : Matrix metalloproteinase는 호중구성 염증 및 EGFR에 의해 발생하는 LPS에 의한 배상 세포의 과형성 및 점액 과다분비의 기전에 있어서 밀접하게 관련되고, 따라서 점액 과다분비를 특징으로 하는 세균 감염으로 인한 기도 질환의 치료에 있어서 MMPI가 잠재적인 임상적 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.530-539
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• 2001

연구배경 : 기관지 천식은 기도의 재구성과 관련된 기도의 염증성 질환이다. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) 는 혈관생성과 염증반응에 관여하는 강력하고 다양한 기능의 사이토카인이며 Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)은 기관지 천식에서 기도의 재구성을 일으키는 주요 단백분해 효소이다. 그러나, 아직 급성 기관지 천식에서 VEGF의 역할 및 VEGF와 MMP-9의 관련성등에 관한 보고는 거의 없다. 저자들은 급성 기관지 천식에서 VEGF가 기관지 염증반응에 관여하는지를 조사하였고 또한 객담내 VEGF 발현 정도와 MMP-9의 관련성도 같이 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 저자들은 안정상태 및 급성천식상태 환자에서 객담내 VEGF와 MMP-9의 양을 효소 면역측정과 zymography 분석으로 측정하였고 또한 기관지 천식의 자발 발작시에도 측정하였다. 결 과 : 기관지 천식 환자군에서 안정상태의 천식환자군이나 건강 대조군보다 객담내 VEGF 양이 유의있게 높음을 알 수 있었고 또한 천식 발작시에는 안정시보다 더 유의있게 높았으며 천식치료후 점차 감소하였다. 급성 천식 환자들에서 객담내 VEGF농도는 호중구및 호산구들 수와 의의있게 관련이 있었고 또한 객담내 VEGF와 MMP-9의 농도사이에 유의있는 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : 급성 기관지 천식 환자에서 VEGF의 과도발현은 기도 염증반응과 관련이 있으며 또한 MMP-9과도 밀접한 연관성이 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.