• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

Purpose: Recently, domestic and abroad consumption of mushroom has been increasing. Especially, oyster mushroom has been the most consumed product, sharing one third of the mushroom market. The air temperature differences between relative positions of the mushroom farms were needs to be minimal. However, in reality, the air temperature differences ranged from 2 to $5^{\circ}C$. Because of this, the mushrooms are non-uniform growth as well as decrease in both quality and quantity. Although air circulators have been employed by oyster mushroom farms to minimize air temperature differences, no experiments have been performed to illustrate the effect of the air circulators. Methods: This experiment is designed to analyze the effect of the air circulation by constructing a prototype air circulator and measuring the air temperature when the circulator was position at different heights (50 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm) from the floor in the center. Result: The horizontal plane air temperature of the first growing bed when the air circulator was installed 50cm above the floor in the center, once not using the air circulators and the other time using the air circulators, yielded the air temperature differences of $8.6^{\circ}C$ and $1.8^{\circ}C$ and deviations of 2.82 and 0.60, respectively. The third growing bed's air temperature differences were $10.0^{\circ}C$, $1.6^{\circ}C$ and deviations 3.28, 0.64, each respectively. These outcomes proved that the use of air circulators minimized the air temperature difference and deviation. The use of air circulators helped minimize the air temperature differences and the derivations in oyster mushroom farm. Conclusion: The use of air circulators helped balance the air temperature distribution in oyster mushroom farm.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2008

It is well known that the water infiltration rate depends on soil properties such as soil water content, water head, capillary suction, density, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity. However, most of proposed infiltration models assume that the air phase is continuous and in equilibrium with the atmosphere or air compression and air entrapment on infiltration was not considered. This study presents experimental results on unsaturated water infiltration to relate air entrapment and hydraulic conductivity function based on soil air properties. The objectives of this study were to measure change of soil air pressure ahead of wetting front under air drain and air confined condition to find the confined air effect on infiltration rate, to reduce the entrapped air volume related with soil air pressure to increase the soil permeability, and to make a basis of infiltration process model for the purpose of improvement of infiltration rate in the homogeneous soil column. The results of the work show that soil air pressure increases according to increasement of the saturated soil depth rather than the wetting front depth during infiltration process.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.318-328
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• 2003

Numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed to calculate the velocities and temperature profiles of air in adjacent to a worker within the individual local air conditioning system. The calculation domain is the space of ㄴ between walls and a worker in the climate room. The fresh air is supplied from the three different inlets located on the right, left and center wall in the climate room. In this study, the calculated data of velocities and temperature profiles of air in the nearest the skin of a worker are used to calculate the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) for evaluation of thermal comfort of a worker in the local air conditioning system. Because the data of veto-cities temperature profiles of air in adjacent to a worker and the PMV of a worker are the design parameters of the local air conditioning system. The results of calculation show that the fresh air velocity and injection position are closely related to the PMV value. In individual air condition system of ㄴ, the appropriate PMV are obtained when the fresh air velocity and position are 1.0 m/s, throat of a worker and are 1.5 m/s, head of a worker, respectively. The method of numerical calculation is effective to obtain the optimum velocity and position of the fresh air for optimum the PMV and energy saving in individual local air conditioning system.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2007

The 3 Northeast Asian countries of Korea, Japan and China have been stricter to each other than to other countries of out-region in air liberalization. The prominent reason of this intra-regional protective policy in air transportation seems to be the difference in competitive strength of their national flag carriers. As the 3 countries realize the importance of their mutual cooperation in the region, since China grows to be one of the leading economies in the world and the intra-regional trade and visitors increase tremendously, they are now taking the policy of intra-regional air liberalization more vigorously than before. Especially air cargo liberalization is easier than air passenger liberalization because they realize that the development of open economy is based on free flow of logistics regardless of the competitiveness of their national flag carriers. As Korea is the leading country in the region to promote air liberalization, this paper reviews the importance and growing trend of air cargo, analyzes current air liberalization policy between Korea, Japan and China and the initial effects of open sky in the routes of Shandung-Korea, and suggests the new policies of air liberalization to promote free flow of air logistics.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.161-167
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• 2009

The liquid solar air conditioning system is introduced as an alternative solution to control air condition and to save electrical energy consumption. The heat and mass transfer performances of dehumidifier/regenerator in liquid solar air conditioning system are influenced by air and desiccant condition. The application of this system, the thermal energy from the sun and inlet air are unable to control, but operation parameter of other components such as pump, fan and sensible cooling unit are able to control. The equilibrium point of heat and mass transfer are the liquid desiccant and inlet air conditions, where, the heat and mass are not transferred between the liquid desiccant and vapor air. By knowing equilibrium point of heat and mass transfer, the suitable optimal desiccant conditions for certain air condition are funded. This present experiment study is investigated the equilibrium point heat and mass transfer in various air and desiccant temperature. The benefit of equilibrium point heat and mass transfer will be helpful in choose and design proper component to optimize electrical energy consumption.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2022

Environmental exposure to air pollution is known to have adverse effects on various organs. Air pollution has greater effects on the pulmonary system as the lungs are directly exposed to contaminants in the air. Here, we review the associations of air pollution with the development, morbidity, and mortality of pulmonary diseases. Short-and long-term exposure to air pollution have been shown to increase mortality risk even at concentrations below the current national guidelines. Ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with lung cancer. Particularly long-term exposure to particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 ㎛ (PM_2.5) has been reported to be associated with lung cancer even at low concentrations. In addition, exposure to air pollution has been shown to increase the incidence risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been correlated with exacerbation and mortality of COPD. Air pollution has also been linked to exacerbation, mortality, and development of asthma. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) has been demonstrated to be related to increased mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, air pollution increases the incidence of infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Furthermore, emerging evidence supports a link between air pollution and coronavirus disease 2019 transmission, susceptibility, severity and mortality. In conclusion, the stringency of air quality guidelines should be increased and further therapeutic trials are required in patients at high risk of adverse health effects of air pollution.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.591-596
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• 2008

The present study has been conducted to study the performance of dedicated outdoor air handling unit in central and personal air-conditioning. With conventional central and personal air-conditioning systems which are designed according to the maximum load, humidity increase above comfort level can not be avoided as the cooling load decreases. The adoption of dedicated outdoor air handling unit, however, can solve this problem. Moreover, the dedicated outdoor air handling unit has the characteristics of anti-bacteria due to dry coil, energy saving and good indoor air quality. During cooling seasons, dedicated outdoor air handling unit can save energy up to 30% than the conventional cooling+reheating system for controlling both temperature and humidity.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

In this study, the performance of hybrid solar air-water heater when the heated air was used as inlet air was investigated during air and liquid were heated simultaneously. Temperature difference between inlet air and ambient was set as $0^{\circ}C$, $13^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$ and it was maintained during the daily operation. As a result, thermal efficiency of liquid heating was increased when the inlet air temperature was increased and heat gain of the water in heat storage tank was also increased with increment of temperature difference between inlet air and ambient temperature. On the contrary to this, the decrement of air heating efficiency and total efficiency of collector was confirmed with increment of inlet air temperature and it is considered that heat gain of liquid side is lower than heat loss of air side that occurring by using heated air as inlet air of collector. So, from these results, maximum temperature that the liquid in heat storage tank can reach was expected to increase if the return air or any heated air was used as inlet air. But air and total efficiency of hybrid solar air-water is decreased, so using outdoor air as inlet air is considered as better way on perspective of using of solar thermal energy by hybrid solar collector. However, it is hard to conclude that using outdoor air is better than heated air on the perspective of energy saving of building because the performance of heat storage performance was increased even air and total thermal efficiency was decreased, so the necessity of more profound consideration about these result in further research was confirmed for putting the hybrid solar air-water heater to practical use.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2008

공기 혼합시스템은 초음속 지상추진시험설비의 축열식 가열기로부터 공급되는 $1000^{\circ}C$, 3.5MPa의 공기와 고압공기 공급원으로부터 공급되는 상온, 동일 압력의 공기를 혼합시켜서 시험부로 공급하기 위한 설비로 32MPa로 압축되어 있는 고압공기 공급원을 3.5MPa로 감압하는 고압/저온 유동제어부, 축열식 가열기의 고온밸브에서부터 공기 혼합기로 고온의 공기를 공급하기 위한 고온 배관, 축열식 가열기로부터 공급되는 고온 유동과 고압공기 공급원으로부터 공급되는 상온 유동을 혼합하기 위한 공기 혼합기로 구성된다. 공기 혼합 시스템을 통하여 완전히 혼합된 공기의 유량은 25kg/s, 온도는 약 $400^{\circ}C$로 이를 통하여 초음속 지상추진시험설비의 구동 영역을 저 마하수, 저 고도 영역까지 확장할 수 있다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2009

In recent semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, the energy consumption of outdoor air conditioning systems represents about 45% of the total air conditioning load required to maintain a clean room environment. Meanwhile, there is a large amount of exhaust air from a clean room. From an energy conservation point of view, heat recovery from the exhaust air is therefore useful for reducing the outdoor air conditioning load for a clean room. In the present work, an energy-efficient outdoor air conditioning system was proposed to reduce the outdoor air conditioning load by utilizing an air washer to recover heat from the exhaust air. The proposed outdoor air conditioning system consisted mainly of a preheating coil, an air washer, two stage cooling coils, a reheating coil, a humidifier and two heat recovery cooling coils inserted into the air washer and connected to a wet scrubber. It was shown from the lab-scale experiment with outdoor air flow of $1,000\;m^3/h$ that the proposed system was more energy-efficient for the summer and winter operations than an outdoor air conditioning system with a simple air washer.