• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

As a second part of the comparison study, microscopic features of an air-assisted fuel injector(AAFI) and a high-pressure swirl injector (HPSI) were characterized. They consist of the internal spray structure in terms of fuel mass and drop diameter, the overall atomization performance with respect to operating parameters and the drop size distribution. Large droplets are concentrated in around the head part of a spray field of the HPSI, while in the case of the AAFI, they were distributed in the tail part. Although the AAFI showed the better atomization performance, the feasible ranges of operating parameters such as injection and ambient pressure were found to be wider in the HPSI. Drop size distribution of the AAFI sprays was more dispersed than that of the HPSI. Drop size distribution of the AAFI sprays was more dispersed than that of the HPSI. However, at the well-atomized condition, it appeared to be very uniform.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

The aim of this article is to perform the numerical simulation far drop drag and breakup processes in air-assisted sprays using the Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) model with a modified drop drag model, in which a random method is newly used to consider the variation of the drop's frontal area. The predicted results for drop trajectory and Salter mean diameter (SMD) were compared with experimental data and the simulation results using the earlier published models such as TAH model, surface wave instability (Wave) model, and Wave model with original drop drag model. In addition, the effects of the breakup model constant, Ck, on prediction of spray behaviors were discussed. The results shows that the TAB model with the modified drop drag model is in better agreement with experimental data than the other models, indicating the present model is acceptable for predicting the drop breakup process in air-assisted sprays. At higher Weber numbers, the smaller Ck shows the best fitting to experimental data. It should be noted that more elaborated studies is required in order to determine the breakup model constant in the suggested model in the study.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2000

Drop size distribution of an air-assisted fuel injector(AAFI) was investigated. Influence of parameters such as ambient air density supply pressure and air-liquid mass ratio(ALR) was examined through both measurement and analysis. The Sauter mean diameter$D_{32}$ varied from 9 to 25$\mu$m throughout all experimental conditions. An empirical correlation for droplet size was obtained. Analytical correlations for predicting $D_{32}$ with respect to operating conditions were also derived through energy consideration and introduction of a simplified model of the from the empirical fitting was adapted to the original equation the proposed correlation in this study matched more closely with measured results. The current correlation exhibited a favorable study matched more closely with measured results. The current correlation exhibited a favorable prediction for $D_{32}$ compared to that by the empirical correlation at selected experimental conditions so that it may be used to predict atomization performance of the AAFI at operating conditions which was not covered in the measurements. After validation the analytical equation was applied to survey the feasible operating conditions for gasoline direct injection application.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

Breakup models are evaluated using the experimental drop trajectory ill this study. The experimental conditions corespond to Weber # 56, 260, 463. Computations are carried out using a modified KIVA-II program with 2 different breakup submodel(TAB and Wave breakup model) and dynamic drag model which the drag coefficient changes dynamically with distortion parameter. Results show that computation with wave breakup model represents the experimental drop trajectory better than that with TAB submodel. And result with wave breakup model shows similar breakup pattern to experimental breakup process. It is thought that in wave breakup model the small drops are shed from the parent drop throughout parcel lifetime such thai this modelling represents the real breakup process well.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1998

An experimental and numerical study of a spray flow is performed to investigate the spray characteristics using an air-assisted atomizer. A Partical Dynamic Analyzer(PDA) is used to measure SMD, dmp velocity, and drop number density whose the initial conditions have considerable effect on the numerical results. The measured experimental data have been used to asses the accuracy of model predictions. Numerical investigation is made with the Eulerian - Lagrangian formulism. Turbulent dispersion effects using a Monte-Carlo method, turbulent modulation effect and entrainment of air are also numerically simulated. Results show that the numerical predictions of SSF(Stochastic Separated Flow) analysis yielded reasonable agreement with the experimental data. However, the model calculations for small drops produced the inconsistent numerical results due to the effect of surrounding air entrainment.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.3179-3186
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• 1993

The study on the spray characteristics of TBI(Throttle Body Injection) injector has been carried out in this paper. The objective of this study is to improve the performance of TBI injector. The increase in the injection pressure and the utilization of assisted air are considered. The spray patten of TBI injector take the hollow-cone shape with $60^{\circ}~70^{\circ}$ spray angle regardless of injection pressure and injection pulse width. SAMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) of water in TBI injector are 510-$550{\mu}m$ and 310-$370{\mu}m$ respectively when injection pressures are $0.75 kgf/cm^{2}$ and $2.8 kgf/cm^{2}$. Then SMD of gasoline is estimated 380~$410{\mu}m$ and 230~$280{\mu}m$ respectively. The improvement of spray characteristics in TBI injector can be obtained with assisted air. If $W_{A}/W_{L}$ was over 0.2, SMD of water can be made under $50{\mu}m$.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2018

Y-jet nozzle has various advantages over other twin-fluid nozzles and are used in industrial boilers. However, it costs large energy consumption because of assisted air and its design is complex. The Y-jet nozzle is consisted of a liquid and gas port and a mixing chamber. The diameter of the port and the length of the mixing chamber greatly affect spray and atomization characteristics, therefore, they are the most important factors in nozzle design. In this study, The experimental setup is consisted of a laboratory scale spray system. The characteristics of the Y-jet nozzle according to the design parameters were observed. As a result, it was found that the length of the mixing chamber did not have effect on the flow rate and the choking condition. The droplet size was measured using a Malvern type measuring device. In addition, measurements were conducted in the front and the right directions of the nozzles. Based on the results, the SMD View Ratio is defined. It is the asymmetrical design characteristics of the Y-jet nozzle.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

High velocity, gas-assisted liquid drop trajectories were investigated under well-controlled experimental conditions at elevated gas densities and room temperature. A monodisperse stream of drops which are generated by a vibrating-orifice drop generator were injected into a transverse high velocity gas stream. The gas density and air jet velocity were adjusted independently to keep the Weber numbers constant. The Weber numbers studied were 72, 148, 270, 532. The range of experimental conditions included studied the three drop breakup regimes previously referred as bag, stretching/thinning and catastrophic breakup regimes. High-magnification photography and conventional spray field photographs were taken to study the microscopic breakup mechanisms and the drop trajectories in high velocity gas flow fields, respectively. The parent drop trajectories were affected by the gas density and the gas jet velocities and do not show similarity with respect to the either Weber or the Reynolds number, as expected.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2023

Electric field assisted combustion is a method that reduces instability in lean combustion. In this study investigated the effects of electrode position on propane-air flame characteristic using a ring electrode. Results showed that burning velocity was not affected by electrode position, but positive voltage expanded the flammability limit while negative voltage contracted it. The effect of voltage polarity on the flammability limit decreased as the electrode position increased. Expanding the flammability limit with a positive voltage can reduce NOx emissions.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

The main parameter commonly used to evaluate spray distribution is spray angle. Spray angle is important because it influences the axial and radial distribution of the fuel. Spray angles were measured and compared for the two non-air assisted injectors such as 2hole-2stream 4hole-1stream injectors used for port fuel injection gasoline engines with n-heptane as a fuel by three different measuring techniques, i.e., digital image processing, shadowgraphy, and spray patternator, respectively. Fuel was injected with the injection pressures of 0.2-0.35 MPa into the room temperature and atmospheric pressure environment. In digital image processing approach, the selection of the transmittance level is critical to obtain the edge of spray and hence to measure the spray angle. From the measurement results by the shadowgraphy technique, it is dear that the spray angle is varied during the spray injection period. The measurement results from spray patternator show that the different spray angles exist in different region. Spray angle increases with the increase in the injection pressure. it is suggested that the spray angle and stream separated angle should be specified when spray is characterized for 2hole-2stream injector, because spray angle is much different though stream separated angle is same. It was also considerably affected by the measurement techniques introduced in this experimental work. However, the optimal axial distance for measuring the spray angle seems to be at least 60-80 mm from the injector tip for two non-air assisted injectors.