• Computers and Concrete
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2009

In this paper an experimental study of the influence of hot springs curing upon concrete properties was carried out. The primary variables of the investigation include water-to-binder ratio (W/B), pozzolanic material content and curing condition. Three types of hot springs, in the range $40-90^{\circ}C$, derived from different regions in Taiwan were adopted for laboratory testing of concrete curing. In addition, to compare with the laboratory results, compressive strength and durability of practical concrete were conducted in a tunnel construction site. The experimental results indicate that when concrete comprising pozzolanic materials was cured by a hot spring with high temperature, its compressive strength increased rapidly in the early ages due to high temperature and chloride ions. In the later ages, the trend of strength development decreased obviously and the strength was even lower than that of the standard cured one. The results of durability test show that concrete containing 30-40% Portland cement replacement by pozzolanic materials and with W/B lower than 0.5 was cured in a hot spring environment, then it had sufficient durability to prevent steel corrosion. Similar to the laboratory results, the cast-inplace concrete in a hot spring had a compressive strength growing rapidly at the earlier age and slowly at the later age. The results of electric resistance and permeability tests also show that concrete in a hot spring had higher durability than those cured in air. In addition, there was no neutralization reaction being observed after the 360-day neutralization test. This study demonstrates that the concrete with enough compressive strength and durability is suitable for the cast-in-place structure being used in hot spring areas.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2012

In consideration of the injuries and deaths occurring at manufacturing sites due to the use of inappropriate work clothes or safety devices, this study aims to categorize manufacturing work processes to develop functional work clothes for heavy industries including the automobile, machine and shipbuilding industries in South Korea. Defining the features of the work environments and work postures of these industries provided for a categorization of the work processes which would enable the development of suitable work clothes for each work process' category. The results of the study based on a questionnaire survey are as follows: Work process category 1, including steel panel pressing and auto body assembly, final inspection (in automobile) and inspection (in machine), requires work clothes with upper body and arm mobility and performance to protect from the toxic fume factor. Work process category 2, consisting of welding (in automobile), cutting-and-forming (in machine) and attachment-and-construction (in shipbuilding), requires clothing elasticity, durability and heat and fire resistance. Work process category 3 comprising welding and grinding in the machine and shipbuilding industries, requires work clothes' tear resistance and elasticity, particularly for lateral bending mobility, and work clothes' sleeves' and pants' hemlines with sealed designs to defend against iron filing penetration, as well as incombustible and heat-resistant material performance. Finally, work process category 4, including painting in machine and shipbuilding, requires work clothes with waterproofing, air permeability, thermal performance, elasticity, durability and abrasion resistance.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1997

본 연구는 토천궁의 종묘비 절감과 증식율을 향상시키기 위한 삽목번식법을 이용하고자 할 때 삽수의 발근과 생육에 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 실험하였으며 얻어진 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 발근율은 Perlite(87.5%) > Perlite 2+ Vermiculite 1 (63.3%) > Sand(33.8%) > Upland soil(14.4%) 순이었으며, 생장은 통기성이 좋아 배지 내에 수분과 공기의 출입이 원활한 Perlite 단용처리에서 가장 좋았다. 2. 관수방법과 관수량 실험에서 저면관수로 30분 간격을 두고 15분 관수를 하는 것이 생육이 가장 좋았다. 3. 줄기 삽수시 생육 초기에는 물만을 공급하고 20일경부터 원예연구소 표준액의 농도를 1/2배로 하여 처리하는 것이 발근과 생육에 더 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 줄기 삽수시 발근 및 생장에 적합한 온도는 $30^{\circ}C=25^{\circ}C\;>\;20^{\circ}C$ 순이었고, 일장은 영향을 주지 않았다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1992

화학증착법을 사용하여 다공성 Vycor 유리에 선택적 수소 투과성 실리카 막을 제조하였다. 화학증착에는 $SiCl_4$의 가수분해 반응이 이용되었으며, 반응물인 $SiCl_4$와 물을 서로 반대 방향으로 주입하여 막을 제조하는 opposing-reactants film deposition방법과, 반응물을 다공성 유리관의 한쪽으로만 공급하는 one-sided film deposition 방법을 모두 사용하였다. 제조된 실리카 막을 통한 수소의 투과도는 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 $0.01-0.25cm^3(STP)/cm^2-min-atm$의 범위에 있었으며, 수소의 질소에 대한 투과도 비는 1000정도였고, 온도의 증가에 따라 실리카 막을 통한 수소 및 질소의 투과도는 증가하였다. Opposing reactants film deposition 방법으로 제조된 실리카 막은 비교적 안정성은 높으나 수소의 투과도가 낮은 반면, one-sided film deposition 방법을 사용하면 수소의 투과도는 높으나 안정성이 낮은 막이 얻어졌다. 이러한 실리카 막은 고온에서의 기체분리 및 분리막 반응기에 응용하기 위하여는 높은 선택적투과성 및 안정성이 요구되며 막 제조 조건 및 방법이 최적화되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.211-232
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• 2019

Porous ceramics are promising materials for a number of functional and structural applications that include thermal insulation, filters, bio-scaffolds for tissue engineering, and preforms for composite fabrication. These applications take advantage of the special characteristics of porous ceramics, such as low thermal mass, low thermal conductivity, high surface area, controlled permeability, and low density. In this review, we emphasize the direct foaming method, a simple and versatile approach that allows the fabrication of porous ceramics with tailored microstructure, along with distinctive properties. The wet foam stability is achieved under the controlled addition of amphiphiles to the colloidal suspension, which induce in situ hydrophobization, allowing the wet foam to resist coarsening and Ostwald ripening upon drying and sintering. Different components, like contact angle, adsorption free energy, air content, bubble size, and Laplace pressure, play vital roles in the stabilization of the particle stabilized wet foam to the porous ceramics. The mechanical behavior of the load-displacements curves of sintered samples was investigated using Herzian indentations testes. From the collected results, we found that microporous structures with pore sizes from 30 ㎛ to 570 ㎛ and the porosity within the range from 70% to 85%.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2002

The primary culture of human nasal epithelial cell monolayer was performed on a Transwell. The effect of various factors on the tight junction formation was observed in order to develop an in vitro experimental system for nasal transport studies. Human nasal epithelial cells, collected from human normal inferior turbinates, were plated onto diverse inserts. After 4 days, media of the apical surface was removed for air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. Morphological characteristics was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A polyester membrane of $0.4\;{\mu}m$ pore size was determined as the most effective insert based on the change in the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) value as well as the $^{14}C-mannitol$ transport study. The ALI method was effective in developing the tight junction as observed in the further increase in the TEER value and reduction in the permeability coefficient $(P_{app})$ of $^{14}C-mannitol$ transport. Results of the transport study of a model drug, budesonide, showed that the primary culture system developed in this study could be further developed and applied for in vitro nasal transport studies.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

현대사회에 있어 필수불가결한 사회기반시설인 하수시설은 대부분 주요 재질이 콘크리트이며, 이러한 콘크리트 하수시설은 최근 황산화세균에 기인한 생화학적 부식에 의해 심각하게 열화되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 생화학적 부식을 방지하기 위한 기법으로서 황산화세균의 생장을 억제할 수 있는 항균제를 개발한 후 황산화세균에 대한 항균성능을 평가하였으며, 콘크리트에 대한 적용성을 검토하기 위해 항균제를 도포한 콘크리트의 각종 물리적 성능을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 항균제의 항균성능은 유효하였으며, 항균제 도포에 의한 압축강도 및 부착강도는 유의할 만한 경향을 보이지 않았고, 마모저항성, 흡수계수 및 투기계수는 현저히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 흡착 및 내열, 내화성이 우수한 카본블랙을 이용하여, 콘크리트의 제반성능을 파악하여, 콘크리트용 혼화재료로써 활용가능성 여부를 판단하고자 함이 본 연구의 목적이다. 실험결과 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서는 흡수율 및 미립분의 카본블랙의 충전효과로 인하여 슬럼프증가 및 공기량 감소를 나타내었으며, 블리딩, 관입저항에 의한 응결시간은 양호한 결과로 나타났다. 또한 경화콘크리트의 강도 특성에는 Plain보다 높은 강도를 나타내었으며, 포졸란 반응에 의해 장기강도로 갈수록 강도발현이 높게 나타났다. 또한 약 $850^{\circ}C$내외의 가열 후의 압축강도에서 치환율이 증가할수록 내화, 내열성이 높게 나타났으며, 건조수축 역시 양호하게 나타났고, CO, $CO_2$, 포름알데히드의 환경성 평가도 Plain보다 양호한 결과로 나타났다. 이상 결과를 종합하면, 고강도의 배합설계를 고려한 적절한 AE감수제를 사용할 경우 카본블랙이 콘크리트용 혼화재로써 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2016

During the late phase of severe accidents of light water reactors, a porous debris bed is expected to develop on the bottom of the flooded reactor cavity after breakup of the melt in water. The geometrical configuration, i.e., internal and external characteristics, of the debris bed is significant for the adequate assessment of the coolability of the relocated corium. The internal structure of a debris bed was investigated experimentally using the DAVINCI (Debris bed research Apparatus for Validation of the bubble-Induced Natural Convection effect Issue) test facility. Particle sedimentation under the influence of a two-phase natural convection flow due to the decay heat in the debris bed was simulated by dropping various sizes of particles into a water vessel with air bubble injection from the bottom. Settled particles were collected and sieved to obtain the particle mass, size distribution in the radial and axial positions, and the bed porosity and permeability. The experimental results showed that the center part of the particle bed tended to have larger particles than the peripheral area. For the axial distribution, the lower layer had a higher fraction of larger particles. As the sedimentation progressed, the size distribution in the upper layers can shift to larger sizes because of the higher vapor generation rate and stronger flow intensity.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

The new alkali pulping process combined with electron beam treatment was applied to utilize hemp bast tissues as a new valuable fibrous resource. Hemp bast tissues have some chemical properties with high lignin contents and holocellulose not to be defiberized by alkali pulping only, compared with the bast tissue of paper mulberry. To make up for the weakness of traditional alkali pulping process, electron beams were directly irradiated into the swelled bast tissue of hemp in NaOH solution and distilled water, and then facilitated the defiberization of hemp bast tissues. The papermaking from hemp bast fibers manufactured by the combination pulping process showed good apparent density, formation structure and air permeability, and had some mechanical properties with lower tensile, tear, burst strength and folding endurance. It is finally concluded that the combination pulping process with electron beam treatment could be suggested a new alternative for non-woody fibers.