• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.41-61
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• 2010

With increasing the quality of life in proportion to the national income, we have had cars as more convenient and safe means of transportation for a long time. The more we have the benefits from cars, the more seriously we should consider problems such as the destruction of the environment by air pollution, traffic accidents, parking problems, traffic congestion, etc. as social cost caused by the increase of cars. Among them, the traffic accidents are very serious, especially the accidents of the business cars occurs five times more than those of the private cars. Therefore if we analyze the cases of the various kinds of syst.em, test the results and apply them to business cars, we will reduce the traffic accidents of business cars.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2023

Background: Injury is one of the major health problems in South Korea. Few studies have evaluated both intentional and unintentional injury when investigating the association between exposure to air pollutants and injury. Objectives: We aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and years of life lost (YLLs) due to injury. Methods: Data on daily YLLs for 2002~2019 were obtained from the the Death Statistics Database of the Korean National Statistical Office. This study estimated short-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 ㎛ (PM₁₀), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 ㎛ (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃). This time series study was conducted using a generalized additive model (GAM) assuming a Gaussian distribution. We also evaluated a delayed effect of ambient air pollution by constructing a lag structure up to seven days. The best-fitting lag was selected based on smallest generalized cross validation (GCV) value. To explore effect modification by intentionality of injury (i.e., intentional injury [self-harm, assault] and unintentional injury), we conducted stratified subgroup analyses. Additionally, we stratified unintentional injury by mechanism (traffic accident, fall, etc.). Results: During the study period, the average daily YLLs due to injury was 307.5 years. In the intentional injury, YLLs due to self-harm and assault showed positive association with air pollutants. In the unintentional injury, YLLs due to fall, electric current, fire and poisoning showed positive association with air pollutants, whereas YLLs due to traffic accident, mechanical force and drowning/submersion showed negative associations with air pollutants. Conclusions: Injury is recognized as preventable, and effective strategies to create a safe society are important. Therefore, we need to establish strategies to prevent injury and consider air pollutants in this regard.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.604-613
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• 2016

In this paper, Human-in-the-Loop (HiTL) simulations of Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) operations in two different Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts, conventional radar vectoring and Trajectory Based Operations (TBO), were performed to assess the impacts of RPAS integration in the future ATM environment. TBO concept maximizes the throughput by planning and sharing 4-D trajectories between pilots and controllers, and it is considered one of the key concepts to enable RPASs to operate with manned aircraft in congested airspaces. RPASs are characterized by having communication delay or temporary loss of communication. TBO capability was added to the integrated air traffic simulation system for this study, which was developed in the Inha University. HiTL simulations were performed by a trainee air traffic controller with three scenarios, and the data were analyzed using safety, efficiency, and controller workload metrics. The results suggest that TBO were effective in reducing delays and controller workload while maintaining the level of safety.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4287-4306
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• 2016

Network resilience provides an effective way to overcome the problem of network failure and is crucial to Internet protocol (IP) network management. As one of the main challenges in network resilience, recovering from link failure is important to maintain the constancy of packets being transmitted. However, existing failure recovery approaches do not handle the traffic engineering problem (e.g., tuning the routing-protocol parameters to optimize the rerouting traffic flow), which may cause serious congestions. Moreover, as the lack of QoS (quality of service) restrictions may lead to invalid rerouting traffic, the QoS requirements (e.g., bandwidth and delay) should also be taken into account when recovering the failed links. In this paper, we first develop a probabilistically correlated failure model that can accurately reflect the correlation between link failures, with which we can choose reliable backup paths (BPs). Then we construct a mathematical model for the failure recovery problem, which takes maximum rerouting traffic as the optimizing objective and the QoS requirements as the constraints. Moreover, we propose a heuristic algorithm for link failure recovery, which adopts the improved k shortest path algorithm to splice the single BP and supplies more protection resources for the links with higher priority. We also prove the correctness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the time and space complexity are also analyzed. Simulation results under NS2 show that the proposed algorithm improves the link failure recovery rate and increases the QoS satisfaction rate significantly.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

This paper summarizes the HVO concept and procedures, presents a summary of the research and results, and outlines areas where future HVO is required. This concept enables people to get their destinations through shortest paths with advanced air traffic control system and equipments. The concept's key feature is that pilots maintain their own separation from other aircraft using air-to-air datalink and on-board software which are needed for supporting flight information present on the high Way in the sky display and airborne internet. By assigning Self-Controlled Area which assume pilot have separation responsibility, controllers evaluated SATS HVO concept as a successful method on the view of reduced workload and increased traffic level on high volume operation.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.633-637
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• 2017

항공기와 항공 네트워크에 대한 사이버 공격은 일반적으로 지상 산업에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 사이버 공격과 크게 다르지 않다. 항공 교통 인프라스트럭처(infrastructure)는 항공 교통 자원 확보를 위해 디지털 기반 구조로 전환되고 있다. 다양한 종류의 통신 환경과 정보 통신, 항법, 감시 및 기내 엔터테인먼트 시스템이 사이버 테러 위협에 노출될 위험을 가중시키고 있다. 또한 무인항공기의 출현은 사이버 테러에 의해 통제될 수 없는 위험을 내포하고 있다. 차세대 데이터 네트워크 시스템 환경에서 항공기 시스템 및 항공 기반의 인프라스트럭처에 대한 사이버 위협의 취약점을 인식하고 항공 선진국의 사이버 보안 표준과 대응 전략을 분석했다. 그리고 국내 항공 환경에서 고려해야 할 사이버 보안 정책에 대한 포괄적인 방안을 논의하고, 보안 환경에 대한 개념과 신속한 대응 전략 수립 등을 논의하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2016

미래항공항행시스템 (FANS; future air navigation system) 위원회는 전통 시스템의 한계를 극복하고 세계적으로 항공교통관리 발전을 가능하게 할 새로운 시스템 개발이 필요하다고 결정하였다. 급격한 항공기 교통량 증가를 수용하고 안전한 항공 운항의 효율성을 극대화하기 위해 ICAO에서 성능기반 항공통신 및 감시 (PBCS; performance based communication and surveillance) 제도를 새롭게 규정하고 적용하도록 권고하고 있다. 하지만 현재 국내의 경우 무선 데이터 링크를 사용하지만, PBCS의 도입이 정상적으로 수행되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 PBCS 개념을 살펴보고, 해외 항공선진국이 PBCS를 적용 사례를 살펴본다. 또한 국내에서 PBCS를 도입하기 위한 국내 현황과 문제점을 분석하고 향후 정책방향에 대한 방안을 소개한다.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2010

국제민간항공기구 ( ICAO )는 증가하는 항공교통량을 수용하고 안전성과 효율성을 증대시키기 위하여 위성항법과 데이터 통신 기술이 접목된 차세대항행시스템의 개발과 구축을 권고하였다. 차세대 항행시스템 은 항공통신, 항공항법, 항공감시 및 항공교통관리로 구성되어 있다. ICAO는 차세대 항행시스템을 위한 국제 항행 계획을 수립하였고, 세계 항공선진국은 이 계획을 충족하고 항공교통 인프라의 전환을 위하여 CNS/ATM 연구개발을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내기술개발의 방향과 방안 수립을 위하여 차세대 항행시스템의 국내 외 기술동향을 분석하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2001년도 Proceeding of KIN-CIN Joint Symposium 2001 on Satellite Navigation/AIS, lntelligence , Computer Based Marine Simulation System and VDR
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• pp.65-74
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• 2001

The rapid development of computer technology and widely application of artificial intelligent provide technology support for realizing navigation automation on the sea. which has achieved great success in shipping advanced countries like japan, England, America, Germany and also in the developing country, China. However, it still remains in the studying Period up to now in aspects of collision avoidance decision-making mathematical model and reasoning mechanism. In this paper, approaches are proposed to establish the collision avoidance automation system. One of them is based on the former studies to realize automation system by make use of finite state machine theory and following the International regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972. The others are to establish the new idea about automatic collision avoidance system by taking advantage of the free flight idea, hybrid system, game theory used in air traffic management studies in recent years and the common characteristics in both air and sea traffic management.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2017

This paper proposes arrival scheduling and advisory generation algorithms which can be used in the terminal airspace with Point-Merge procedures. The proposed scheduling algorithm consists of two steps. In the first step, the algorithm computes aircraft schedules at the entrance of the Point-Merge sequencing legs based on First-Come First-Served(FCFS) strategy. Then, in the second step, optimal sequence and schedules of all aircraft at the runway are computed using Multi-Objective Dynamic Programming(MODP) method. Finally, the advisories that have to be provided to the air traffic controllers are generated. To demonstrate the proposed algorithms, the simulation was conducted based on Jeju International Airport environments.