• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1990

In the estimation of grid type area source emissions, the factors by which emissions are distributed spatially must be considered comprehensively. The estimation process can be approached systematically by connecting the emission activity of air pollutants with land use pattern and the various impacts can be taken into account in the process by using such area information as land use, population, distribution of households, types of housing units, fuel consumption and so on. The estimation procedure was computerized in order to calculate area source emissions by grid information system. This computerization helped to augment effectiveness and efficiency not only by managing enormous data but also by performing diverse functions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2002

The real-time modeling system, named AirWatch System, has been developed to evaluate the environmental impact from a large source. It consists of stack TMS (TeleMetering System) that measures the emission data from the source, AWS (Automatic Weather Station) that monitors the weather data and computer system with the dispersion modeling software. The modeling theories used in the system are Gaussian plume and puff models. The Gaussian plume model is used for the dispersion in the simple terrain with a point meteorological data while the puff model is for the dispersion in complex terrain with three dimensional wind fields. The AirWatch System predicts the impact of the emitted pollutants from the large source on the near-by environment on the real -time base and the alarm is issued to control the emission rate if the calculated concentrations exceed the modeling significance level.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2008

Ground temperature restoration characteristics are the crucial factors to evaluate whether a ground source heat pump system can keep long time steady operation. They are mainly dependent on soil thermal properties, layout of pile group, operation/shutoff ratio, cooling/heating load, thermal imbalance ratio and so on. On the one hand, several types of vertical pile foundation heat exchangers are intercompared to determine the most efficient one by performance test and numerical method. On the other hand, according to the layout of pile group of a practical engineering and running conditions of a GSHP system in Shanghai, the temperature distribution during a period of five years is numerically studied. The numerical results are analyzed and are used to provide some guidance for the design of large-scale GSHP system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.717-720
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• 2012

Various types of dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) devices have been developed for diverse applications for the last decade. In this study, a flat non-thermal DBD micro plasma source under atmospheric pressure has been developed. The flat-panel type plasma is generated by bipolar pulse voltages, and driving gas is air. In this study, the plasma source was investigated with intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) images and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). The micro discharges are generated on the crossed electrodes. For theoretical analysis, 2-dimensional fluid simulation was performed. The plasma source can be driven in air, and thus the operation cost is low and the range of application is wide.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.443-449
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose an enhanced variable-speed control method of ground-water circulation pumps using inlet and outlet ground-water temperature difference and analyze its effect for the ground source multi-heat pump system installed in a single-family house. As a result, it has shown to significantly reduce the electricity use of ground-water circulation pump and improve overall system Coefficient of Performance (COP) due to the proposed variable-speed control under partial load conditions after oversized and inefficient single-speed pump retrofit.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1689-1696
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• 2008

Heat pumps transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cycle of evaporation and condensation. But Heat pumps system by only using heat-source is not efficient. Because the mean temperature of North Korean winter season is low, economy of air heat-source heat pump descend. This paper is practiced the simulation on evaluation criteria for Heat pump heating and cooling systems to Rolling Stock. Efficiency of the heat pump in order improving from certainly the development of the technique will be able to prevent a freezing actual condition must proceed. As a result, Below $-10^{\circ}C$ used heating and cooling systems of heat pump format even in cold winter season and is serviceable confirmed with heat source supply circle of the Rolling Stock.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is to estimate the levels of pollution to which the community is presently exposed and to model the regimes of local air quality. Diurnal, daily, and monthly variations of NO, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were thoroughly investigated in three areas; namely, residential, industrial, and terminal in Ras Al-Khafji. There is obvious diurnal variation in the concentration of these pollutants that clearly follows the diurnal variation of atmospheric temperature and main anthropogenic and industrial activities. Correlation analysis showed that meteorological conditions play a vital role in shaping the pattern and transportation of air pollutants and photochemical processes affecting O₃ formation and destruction. Bivariate polar plots, an effective graphical tool that utilizes air pollutant concentrations' dependence on wind speed and wind direction, were used to identify prevailing emission sources. Non-buoyant ground-level sources like domestic heating and street transport emissions, various industrial stacks, and airport-related activities were considered dominant emission sources in observatory sites. This study offers valuable and detailed information on the status of air quality, which has considerable, quantifiable, and important public health benefits.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

This study was performed to evaluate a applicability of TCM(Texas Climatological Model) model to a industrial area sush as CUNSAN and a possibility to provide necessary informaitons for air quality management. The air pollutants were measured at 6 sampling sites of GUNSAN industrial area from june to july in 1989. The model was checked by comparing the observed data with estimated data. The meteorological data for wind direction and wind speed were obtained from the observatory station in GUNSAN. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Average concentrations of air pollutants at all sampling sites were SO$_{2}$ 0.011-0.019 ppm. NO$_{2}$ 0.012-0.017 ppm. CO 0.6-1.0 ppm. TSP 45.8-64.2 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$. 2. The emission amounts show that point source are in general higher than area source. 3. As a results of correlation analysis, relationship between SO$_{2}$ concentration in the observed value and estimated value showed positive significance.(r = 0.766) 4. The sulfer content of the 1.6% at present to 0.8%, which means a 53.3% reduction. By controlling stack height could be lowered 14.5%, but the effective way of emission control is use of the lower sulfer fuels than controlling stack height. 5. The ratio between SO$_{2}$ contration in the observed value and estimated value showed 1.05. There-fore, the TCM model was quite effective in predicting air quality in GUNSAN industrial area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.53-63
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of automatic measuring systems for air pollution emissions in Seoul and to suggest an improvement method using GIS and GPS. In Korea, there have been very few critical researches and managements for mobile and area sources regarding moving subjects such as automobiles. In order to control or to make a plan for reducing air pollutions, air pollution emission data based on tim and location, emission inventory systems and emission models should be implemented. Using digital maps and MS Visual Basic, we developed a visualized interface for air pollution emission data from automatic emission measurement systems in Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 2013

Receptor models have been rapidly developed to manage the ambient air quality and to establish effective emission reduction strategies. The models are used to identify various emission sources and apportion quantitatively the ambient pollutant mass based on various measured physico-chemical properties of the air pollutants at the receptor site. Many types of receptor models have been applied to estimate source contributions since those provide fundamental information when establishing reasonable environmental policies in Korea and Foreign countries. In this paper, we will introduce the basic concept and principal of the receptor model, various types of existing models with discussing strong and weak points for each model, and performance procedure of PMF model as the most popular model in the world. Further the trends of receptor modeling studies in Korea and other countries were provided. Finally, the improvement directions of the modeling works for the national and local air quality management were suggested in this paper.