• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.292-299
• /
• 1997

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than 100 years in absorption as well as in compression systems. Due to its poisonous and inflammable properties, however, its use has been mainly on heavy industrial plants in which regular maintenance are available. For these systems, condensers are generally water-cooled. This is suitable for large systems over 20 RT but is not suitable for small systems. In order to apply ammonia for a small system, it is important to adopt an air-cooled condenser. In this study, simple numerical analysis of an air-cooled condenser for an ammonia refrigeration system has been carried out. The condenser is designed as horizontal tubes with plate fins attached at the outer surface to enhance the air-side heat transfer rate. Effects of fin shape and arrangement are studied in detail. Since the local heat transfer coefficient is highest at the leading edge, heat flux is highest at the edge and decreases along the distance. Conditions of inlet air are also varied in the study and condenser length that is required for full condensation is calculated. The results show that it is important to enhance both the air-side and internal heat transfer coefficients.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.104-112
• /
• 1998

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than 100 years in absorption as well as in compression systems. Due to its poisonous and inflammable properties, however, its use has been mainly on heavy industrial plants in which regular maintenance is available. For these systems, condensers are generally water∼cooled. This is suitable for large systems over 20RT but is not suitable for small systems. In order to apply ammonia for a small system, it is important to adopt an air-cooled condenser. In this study, simple numerical analysis of an air-cooled condenser for an ammonia refrigeration system has been carried out. The condenser is designed as horizontal tubes with plate fins attached at the outer surface to enhance the air-side heat transfer rate. Effect of fin shape and arrangement are studied in detail. Since the local heat transfer coefficient is highest at the leading edge, heat flux is highest at the edge and decreases along the distance. Conditions of inlet air are also varied in the study and condenser length that is required for full condensation is calculated. The results show that it is important to enhance both the air-side and internal heat transfer coefficients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.1681-1691
• /
• 2002

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of heat exchangers with louver fins were experimentally investigated. The samples had small fin pitches (1.0 mm to 1.4 mm), and experiments were conducted up to a very low frontal air velocity (as low as 0.3 m/s). At a certain Reynolds number (critical Reynolds number), the flattening of the heat transfer coefficient curve was observed. The critical Reynolds number was insensitive to the louver angle, and decreased as the louver pitch to fin pitch ratio (L$_{p}$F$_{p}$) decreased. Existing correlations on the critical Reynolds number did not adequately predict the data. It is suggested that, for proper assessment of the heat transfer behavior, the louver pattern in addition to the flow characterization need to be considered. The heat transfer coefficient increased as the fin pitch decreased. At low Reynolds numbers, however, the trend was reversed. Possible explanation is provided considering the louver pattern between neighboring fins. Different from the heat transfer coefficient, the friction factor did not show the flattening characteristic. The reason may be attributed to the form drag by louvers, which offsets the decreased skin friction at a low Reynolds number. The friction factor increased as the fin pitch decreased and the louver angle increased. A new correlation predicted 92% of the heat transfer coefficient and 90% of the friction factor within $\pm$10%.10%.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2007

To evaluate the performance of heat exchanger with rotating porous plates, the experimental investigation was carried out under various conditions. With an equal interval of 18 mm inside the heat exchanger, the rotating porous plates are mounted. The hot and cold airs enter at opposite ends of heat exchanger and exchange heat each other. In order to measure the temperature distribution of the hot air side inside heat exchanger, the thermocouples are inserted between the plates. The first location of thermocouple is 10 mm downstream from the inlet of heat exchanger, and succeeding ten locations are aligned at an equal interval of 18 mm. As a result of the measurement, the temperature distribution inside heat exchanger was constant as the hot air temperature of inlet is low. It was found that the heat transfer rate does not depend on the variation of RPM at the lower temperature of inlet. The heat transfer rate at the higher temperature of inlet increased a little with the increase in RPM.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.140-150
• /
• 1996

CFC-12, which has been used most widely in automobile air conditioners and household refrigerators is scheduled to be phased out soon because of its high ozone depletion potential. Now HFC-134a is suggested as an alternative refrigerant for CFC-12. In this Study, we intended to investigate how PAG oil influence evaporation heat transfer and flow pattern, using R-134a and PAG oil influences evaporation heat transfer and flow pattern, using R-134a and PAG oil in the horizontal miro-fin evaporation tube. Experiments were conducted under the flowing est conditions : mass velocity 86-250kg/$m^2$s, heat flux 5-30 ㎾/$m^2$, oil concentration 0-21 wt.% and saturation temperature 5$^{\circ}C$. Local evaporation heat transfer coefficients were found to be higher at the top, side and bottom of the tube in this order. Average heat transfer coefficients turned out to increase with oil concentration increment up to 3 wt.% oil concentration, whereas heat transfer coefficients gradually decreased over 3 wt.% oil concentration, because of oil-rich liquid film was formed on the heat transfer surface. Flow patterns were rapidly transitioned to annular regimes up to 3 wt.% oil concentration. In case of pure refrigerant, measured heat transfer coefficients in the experiments were similar to those of Kandlikar＇s correlation.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2007

This study presents the air side heat transfer and friction characteristics of fin-tube heat exchangers. Variations of heat transfer performance in each row are investigated in the present work. Experiments were performed for the Louver fin-tube heat exchangers using air-enthalpy type calorimeter, which is based on air-enthalpy method described in ASHRAE standards. The air velocity was varied from 0.7 to 2.5 m/s with 0.3 m/s interval. The results are plotted in terms of Colburn j-factor and friction factor of with respect to Reynolds number in the range of 200 to 1100.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2008

The effect of inclination angle on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the brazed aluminum heat exchangers is experimentally investigated. Three samples having different fin pitches(1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 mm) were tested. Results show that heat transfer coefficient is not affected by the inclination angle. However, the friction factor increases as the inclination angle increases with negligible difference between the forward and backward inclination. Both the heat transfer coefficient and the friction factor are the smallest at $F_p=1.5mm$, followed by $F_p=2.0mm$ and 1.25mm. Possible explanation is provided considering the louver layout. Comparison with existing correlations is also made.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.162-169
• /
• 2009

In summer electrical energy is consumed in very high rate. It is used to operate conventional air conditioning system. Hot and humid air can germinate mould spores, encourage ill health, and create physiological stress (discomfort). Dehumidifier solar cooling effect is the one alternative solution saving electrical energy. We use surplus heat energy in the summer, to get cooling effect and then to get human reach to comfort condition. These devices have two system, dehumidifier and regeneration system. This paper will be focus in dehumidifier system. Dehumidifier system use for absorbing moisture in the air and decreasing air temperature. When the liquid desiccant as strong solution contact with the vapor air in the packed tower, it works. The heat and mass transfer performances of flow pattern in the packed tower of dehumidifier are analyzed and compared in detail. In this experiment was introduced, the flow patterns are parallel flow and counter flow. The performance of these flow patterns will calculate from air side. Which is the best flow pattern that gave huge mass transfer rate? The proposed dehumidifier flow pattern will be helpful in the design and optimization of the dehumidifier solar cooling system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2018

In this study, the performance characteristics of a welded plate heat exchanger was investigated experimentally. Performance tests were carried out according to the flow rate and inlet temperature of working fluid. As a result, the heat transfer capacity increased by 335.5 kW with an increasing the flow rate and temperature difference between hot and cold side. However, the overall heat transfer coefficient was increased with the increase of flow rate, and it was not effected significantly from inlet temperature difference between hot and cold working fluid. The pressure drop was increased by 55.78 kPa with an increasing the frow rate when the flow rate ratio between hot and cold side 1:1. However, the tendency of pressure drop was difference when flow rate ratio wasn't 1:1. In case that the flow rate ratio between hot and cold side was not 1:1, the pressure drop at the low flow rate side was higher than that when the flow rate ratio was 1:1, while pressure drop of the other side was decreased compared to that when the flow rate ratio was 1:1.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.1546-1551
• /
• 2004

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the frost properties and heal and mass transfer within the frost layer formed on a cold plate. The laminar flow equations for the air-side are analyzed. and the empirical correlations of local frost properties are employed in order to predict the frost layer growth. The correlations of local frost density and effective thermal conductivity of frost layer, obtained from various experimental conditions, are derived as functions of various frosting parameters (Reynolds number, frost surface temperature, absolute humidity and temperature of moist air, cooling plate temperature, and frost density). The numerical results are compared with experimental data and the results of various models to validate the present model, and agree well with experimental data within a maximum error of 10%. The heat and mass transfer coefficients obtained from the numerical analyses are presented, as the results, it is found that the model for frost growth using the correlation of heat transfer coefficient without solving air flow have a limitation in its application.