• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.512-518
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• 2000

A wall fuel-film flow model is developed to predict the effect of a wall-fuel-film on air-fuel ratio in an SI engine in transient conditions. Fuel redistribution in the intake port resulting from charge backflow and a simple liquid fuel behavior in the cylinder are included in this model. Liquid fuel film flow is calculated of every crank angle degree using the instantaneous air flow rate. The model is validated by comparing the calculated results and corresponding engine experiment results of a commercial 4 cylinder DOHC engine. The predicted results match well with the experimental results. To maintain the constant air-fuel ratio during transient operation. the fuel injection rate control can be obtained from the simulation result.

• 오토저널
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1991

Air/fuel ratio control system for gasoline engines has been analyzed to determine the control gain of the system. In this analysis the engine is modelled to be a simple time delaying element and the ramp-and-jump method is used to control air/fuel ratio. The result shows that it is necessary to measure the air flow rate accurately to enhance the control performance. And also it is shown that the control gain must be determined in some bounded region to meet the fast dynamic response and high catalyst conversion efficiency together.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

The vortex tube is a simple device which splits a compressed gas stream into a cold stream and a hot stream without any chemical reactions. Recently, vortex tube is widely used to local cooler of industrial equipments and air supply system. In this study, the insulation effect of surface on the efficiency of vortex tube was performed experimentally. The experiment is carried out for nozzle area ratio of 0.194, diameter ratio of cold end orifice of 0.6 and input pressure ranging from 0.2Mpa to 0.5Mpa. The purpose of this study is focused on the effect of surface insulation of vortex tube with the variation of cold air mass flow ratio. The results indicate that the temperature difference of cold and hot air are higher about 12% and 30% than that of not insulated vortex tube respectively. Furthermore, for the insulated vortex tube, the similarity relation for the prediction of cold end temperature as the function of cold air mass flow ratio and input pressure is obtained.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1998

In a SI engine, it is necessary to control fuel quantity in accordance with intake air amount in order to reduce exhaust emission and improve the specific fuel consumption. Generally the map data is used for the vehicles with a SI engine. For the precise control of air-fuel ratio, the real time control method is recommended rather than the control method using map data. In this paper, we developed real time control system using microprocessor and IBM-PC, and applied it to the commercial SI engine. We got good results for air-fuel ratio under the idle condition.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

The most common pipe wall thinning degradation mechanisms that can occur in the steam and feedwater systems are FAC (Flow Acceleration Corrosion), cavitation, flashing, and LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion). Among those degradation mechanisms, FAC has been investigated by many laboratories and industries. Cavitation and flashing are also protected on the piping design phase. LDIE has mainly investigated in aviation industry and turbine blade manufactures. On the other hand, LDIE has been little studied in NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) industry. This paper presents the development of prediction system for pipe wall thinning caused by LDIE in terms of erosion rate based on air-water ratio and material. Experiment is conducted in 3 cases of air-water ratio 0.79, 1.00, and 1.72 using the three types of the materials of A106B, SS400, and A6061. The main control parameter is the air-water ratio which is defined as the volumetric ratio of water to air (0.79, 1.00, 1.72). The experiments were performed for 15 days, and the surface morphology and hardness of the materials were examined for every 5 days. Since the spraying velocity (v) of liquid droplets and their contact area ($A_c$) on specimens are changed according to the air-water ratio, we analyzed the behavior of LDIE for the materials. Finally, the prediction equations(i.e. erosion rate) for LDIE of the materials were determined in the range of the air-water ratio from 0 to 2%.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.261-264
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• 2003

We try to distribute air pollution sources at target area. The complex method is used to distribute air pollution sources. Most of people, However, want to simple indicator as standard for express air pollution source. In many area, air pollution is caused by different types of sources. The general type is point source, such as tall stack of power plants and oil refineries stacks. A second type is areal source, such as local industry and transportation. In this aspect, the ratio of sulfur dioxide to nitrogen oxides (RSN =SO$_2$/NOx)is an indicator of air pollution source. the role of this ratio is to show the characteristics at target area of the relationship the point and the areal source. (omitted)

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.94-110
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• 1997

In the present study, a mean torque predictive model has been proposed and experimentally validated. It includes induction air mass model, fuel delivery model and mean production mode. Air induction and fuel delivery model considering dynamic behaviors of air induction and fuel delivery were proposed to predict the air-fuel ratio excursions under transient condition. Torque function model reflects thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, friction and effect of spark timing. In the spark timing model, knock limit and acceleration retard are included. Experiments were carried out to validate the simulation model for the step changes of throttle at constant engine speed. The results show reasonable agreements between simulation and experiment at fully warmed condition. Using this model, fueling strategies are varied with fast throttle open and it can predict air-fuel ratio excursion and IMEP.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

본 연구는 석탄 연소에서 우드펠릿 전소 보일러로 설비를 개조하여 실제 운영 중인 125 MW급 영동화력 1호기 보일러를 대상으로 2단 연소용 공기의 공급위치와 비율을 조정하여 NOx 및 CO발생에 미치는 영향을 시험하였다. 2단 연소용 공기량이 상대적으로 증가하면, 연료입도가 작아서 낮은 과잉 공기비(1.10)로 연소할 경우 NOx는 약간 감소하고 CO는 급격히 감소하지만, 연료 입도가 커서 높은 과잉공기비(1.33)로 연소할 경우 NOx는 약간 증가하지만 CO는 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 2단 연소용 공기량이 같아도 공급위치가 주연소기 상부로 편중될수록 NOx 및 CO 발생 농도는 낮게 나타났으며 과잉 공기비가 높은 경우 2단 연소용 공기량에 무관하게 NOx 및 CO의 발생은 매우 낮은 수준을 유지한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of air-phase germination with water-spraying and anion stimuli on germination ratio, sprout growth and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of brown rice. Air-phase germination method with intermittent spraying water improved germination ratio and sprout growth by about 100% compared with the conventional water-soaking method. Anion radiation was applied during the germination process and improved the germination ratio, sprout growth and color quality of the germinated brown rice. Germination ratio and sprout growth were improved up to 9% with anion radiation, and its brightness was higher than brown rice germinated with no anion radiation. The air-phase germination with water-spraying improved the GABA content of germinated brown rice by about 8-9 times compared with that of brown rice.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2012

The plate fin and tube type of heat exchanger is widely used in air conditioner, and the heat exchanger is assembled by the mechanical expansion of copper tubes and fastening the aluminum fin. The objective of the present study is to investigate how the mechanical expansion of copper tube affects on the heat transfer performance of a plate fin and tube type heat exchanger. This study has been performed by experimental and numerical methods. The numerical and experimental results show that the tube expansion ratio has a influence on the heat transfer performance. Within the tested expansion ratio, the contact pressure shows the peak value and it decreases as the expansion ratio increases. Air-side heat transfer coefficient increases until the expansion ratio reaches 1.23, and then decreases with the similar pattern to the contact pressure. Also, contact heat transfer coefficient shows the maximum when the contact pressure is highest as well as the air-side heat transfer coefficient.