• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제27회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.59-63
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• 2006

횡단류 아음속유동장에서 연료의 수직 분사시 나타나는 액적영역의 액적들을 직접사진촬영으로 측정하고 PLLIF 실험을 통하여 얻은 강도 값으로 SMD분포를 측정하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 정상유동에서의 액적들의 크기 및 분포를 관찰하고, 캐비테이션 및 수력튀김 현상에 대한 액적들의 차이를 확인하는 것이다. 실험을 통하여 정상유동의 액적들은 분사차압, 공기의 유속, 침투거리, 인젝터 지름에 대한 하류방향 거리비(x/d)에 의하여 결정되며, 캐비테이션에 의한 난류강도, 유효지름에 따라 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.149-152
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• 2009

직접분사방식 추력기 노즐오리피스로부터 분사되는 분무입자의 발달특성을 연구하기 위해 분무의 다양한 위치에서 평균속도, 직경, 그리고 부피유속과 같은 분무특성인자들을 측정한다. 실험 결과로부터, 고속의 큰 직경을 갖는 분무 입자들이 주변 공기로의 운동량 손실로 인해 하류로 이동함에 따라 저속의 작은 입자로 분열한다. 또, 분무 확산 및 분산에 의해 높은 부피유속의 영역이 반경방향으로 넓게 확장된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2012

The characteristics of spray behavior and injected amount were studied with two types of nozzles for using in a compression ignition engine with dual fuel technology for construction machines. A penetration length of spray tends to shorten due to a decrease of injected amount of a diesel fuel with dual fuel engine application. In order to ignite the gaseous fuel premixed with air during intake process, a diesel fuel, which was compression ignited, needs to penetrate somehow similar depth compared with the case of a diesel fuel-only-injection. In this work, a nozzle with reduced hole diameter and increased number of holes was tested and demonstrated that, compared to diesel 100% case, its penetration lengths are comparable to 74% and 79%, respectively, of those of 100% and 50% supply of a diesel fuel with the baseline nozzle that has four holes and 30.4% increased diameter. This will presumably enhancement the combustion in a dual fuel engine. A design suggestion was also made in this work to achieve similar penetration length of spray with diesel 100% case to prevent combustion from being deteriorated in a dual fuel engine.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.569-572
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• 2006

In present study, the influence of changing combustor pressure on flame stabilization and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission in the swirl flame with secondary fuel injection was investigated. The combustor pressure was controlled by suction at combustor exit. Pressure index ($P^*=Pabs/Patm$), where Pabs and Patm indicated the absolute pressure and atmosphere pressure, was controlled in the range of 0.7~1.15 for each equivalence ratio conditions. It could be observed that flame stable region became narrower with decreasing equivalence ratio and pressure index. In this combustion system, stable flames were formed until $P^*=\;0.7$. Emission index decreased with decreasing pressure index for overall equivalence ratio conditions and NOx reduction rates were almost identical for $P^*<1$ regardless of equivalence ratio though EINOx values showed different level with change of equivalence ratio for $P^*{\geq}1$. It is also observed that EINOx decreased with increasing secondary fuel injection ratio. Emission index of nitric oxide was controllable by adjusting the changing combustor pressure and injecting secondary fuel and this NOx reduction technology is applicable to industrial furnaces and air conditioning system.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

The influence of fuel spray characteristics on engine performance has been known as one of the major concerns to Improve fuel economy and to reduce exhaust emissions. In general, the UBHC(Unburned Hydrocarbon) emission could be reduced by decreasing the droplet size of the fuel sprays. In PFI (Port Fuel Injection) gasoline engines, the mixture of air and fuel would not be uniform under a certain condition, because the breakup and production of spray droplets are made in a short distance between the fuel injector and intake valve sheat. In this study, were investigated the transient spray characteristics and dynamic behavior of droplets from 2holes-2sprays and 4holes-2sprays type injectors used in PFI gasoline engine. Mean droplet size and optical concentration were measured by LDPA (Laser Diffraction Particle size Analyzer). The variation of droplet mean diameter and optical concentration were measured for understanding the behavior of unsteady spray.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2014

Experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of EGR(exhaust gas recirculation) on engine noise using single cylinder combustion ignition engine. Under constant engine rotary speed of 1200 RPM, 8 mg fuel quantity was injected with 15, 18 and 21% of oxygen ratio and 1400 bar of injection pressure. Using the in-cylinder pressure data acquired by a piezoelectric transducer, the engine performance parameters were calculated. Radiated engine noise measured for 10 seconds was analyzed using spectral characteristics and sound quality metrics such as loudness, sharpness, roughness. From the obtained engine performance parameters and sound quality metrics, effect of oxygen ratio of the premixed air, start of injection timing on frequency characteristic and sound quality metrics were analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted between MPRR(maximum pressure rise rate), RI(ringing intensity) and sound quality metrics. RI was identified as the most important factor having influence on the sound quality metrics.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2010

Gas motion within the engine cylinder is one of the major factors controlling the fuel-air mixing and combustion processes in diesel engines. In this paper, a special swirl-chamber is designed and applied to a DI (direct injection) diesel engine to generate a strong swirl motion thus enhancing gas motion. Compression, combustion and expansion strokes of this DI diesel engine with the swirl-chamber have been simulated by CFD software. The simulation model was first validated through comparisons with experimental data and then applied to do the simulation of the spray and combustion process. The velocity and temperature field inside the cylinder showed the influences of the strong swirl motion to spray and combustion process in detail. Cylinder pressure, average temperature, heat release rate, total amount of heat release, indicated thermal efficiency, indicated fuel consumption rate and emissions of this DI diesel engine with swirl-chamber have been compared with that of the DI diesel engine with $\omega$-chamber. The conclusions show that the engine with swirlchamber has the characteristics of fast mixture formulation and quick diffusive combustion; its soot emission is 3 times less than that of a $\omega$-chamber engine; its NO emission is 3 times more than that of $\omega$-chamber engine. The results show that the DI diesel engine with the swirl-chamber has the potential to reduce emissions.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2020

Despite its benefit in engine thermal efficiency, gasoline-direct-injection (GDI) engines generate substantial particulate matter (PM) emissions compared to conventional port-fuel-injection (PFI) engines. One of the reasons for this is that the spray collapse caused by the spray-to-spray interaction forms the locally rich fuel-air mixture and increases the fuel wall film. Previous studies have investigated the spray collapse phenomenon through the macroscopic observation of spray behavior using laser optical techniques, but it is somewhat difficult to understand the interaction between sprays that is initiated in the near-nozzle region within 10 mm from the nozzle exit. In this study, the spray structure, droplet size and velocity data were obtained using an X-ray imaging technique from the near-nozzle to the downstream of the spray to investigate the spray-to-spray interaction and discuss the effects of spray collapse on local droplet size and velocity distribution. It was found that as the ambient density increases, the spray collapse was promoted due to the intensified spray-to-spray interaction, thereby increasing the local droplet size and velocity from the near-nozzle region as a result of droplet collision/coalescence.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2007

This experiments are performed to investigate the effect of ventilation velocity on a high pressure water mist fire suppression in subway train. The experiment is conducted in half scale modeled train of a steel-welled enclosure (8.0m*2.4m*2.1m). The ventilation velocity is controlled by the ventilation duct through an inverter in the range of 0 to 2 m/s. The coverage-radius and an injection angle of an high pressure water mist system are measured. The mist nozzle with 7-injection holes is operated with pressure 80 bar. The heptane pool fires are used. The fire extinguishment times and the temperatures are measured for the ventilation velocities. In conclusion, because the momentum of injected water mist is more dominant than that of ventilation air, the characteristics of water mist, the fire extinguishment times and the temperatures are affected very little by ventilation velocity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권4호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2013

Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is defined as a pleural effusion that contains at least 10% eosinophils. EPE occurs due to a variety of causes such as blood or air in the pleural space, infection, malignancy, or an autoimmune disease. Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) associated with eosinophilic pleural effusion is a rare condition generally characterized by the presence of the signs and symptoms but not fulfilling the existing classification criteria. We report a case involving a 67-year-old man with UCTD and EPE, who has been successfully treated with a single intrapleural corticosteroid injection.