• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2008

Three benzimidazole pesticides commonly used in korean lettuce were subjected to a field residue trial to ensure safety of terminal residue in the harvest. The residual patterns of three benzimidazole pesticides, which were carbendazim, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were examined after applying with the recommended dose in two types of korean lettuce (Chima and Chuckmeon) and their DT50 were calculated. In Chima lettuce, biological half-lives of carbendazim, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were 2.56, 1.37 and 2.54 days, respectively and their required time under MRL(5.0 mg/kg as carbendazim) were 4.5, 2.2 and 1.0days. In Chuckmeon lettuce, biological half-lives of them were 3.41, 1.70 and 4.20 days, respectively and their required time under MRL were 5.4, 1.9 and 0.5days.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 1981

The quality inspection was made on commercial Korean ginseng extract (Company A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H), particularly on samples available in Seoul market area. The results were as follews: 1) Among the ginseng extract products out of eight different manufactures, the moisture content of D company's product showed 46.5%, and other companys' met with the moisture standard for ginseng extracts. And protein, fat, ash, fiber and total sugar were about $9.87{\sim}21.07%,\;0.46{\sim}1.62%,\;6.55{\sim}7.88%,\;0{\sim}0.15%\;and\;58.58{\sim}76.74%$, respectively. And residue of D and F company products showed 3.25% and 3.61% which exceed the standard, and other company products met with residue test specifications. 2) The contents of ginseng saponins were 16.16% and 13.12%, respectively, for the C and H company products. However, other company's showed below 9%. By fractional distribution of ginseng saponins, it is supposed to be white ginseng and lateral ginseng that were mostly used as raw materials for ginseng extract manufacturing.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.2 s.121
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to elucidate extraction efficiency by microwave technique in comparison with sonication technique for extraction of insecticide residue in pear. In the analysis of the extraction efficiency of microwave for a pear spiked with imidacloprid, the extraction efficiency by microwave power of 300 W with extraction temperature of $80^{\circ}C$, heating time of 1 to 3 minute was shown to be similar with the extraction time 20 minutes by sonication. The optimal condition. in consideration of economical condition and treatment time, for microwave extraction of imidacloprid in the pear were 300 watts of power supply, $100^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 1 minute of heating time and 10 mL of acetone volume. A new microwave vessel was developed to rapidly process the sample of the insecticide imidacloprid residues in the pear. This vessel was designed to include a reaction chamber and a filtration equipment, and a gathering chamber. The system could curtail a pretreatment time to 21 minutes than sonication and 7.9 minutes than the previous microwave vessel.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2019

Silkworm larval mortality specifically during spinning stage leading to non-spinning with specific morphological symptoms was frequently complained by sericulturists in Karnataka, India during 2015. Survey was conducted and information collected through questionnaire from the identified farmers who faced the problem of non-spinning in both traditional and non-traditional areas of Karnataka. Survey results indicate that the problem is specific to the silkworm crop of those farmers' who shifted from other crops of agriculture/ horticulture/olericulture/ floriculture to Sericulture. Silkworm rearing performance of the batches fed with these leaves confirmed that the pesticide sprayed to the crops previous to mulberry, remain in the soil and when mulberry plantation is taken up in these gardens, the pesticide is absorbed by the roots of mulberry plants and transported to the leaves. Silkworms that feed on these mulberry leaves, grow and ripen normally but during spinning stage, larvae die with external symptoms like regurgitation, body shrinkage, rectal protrusion later become hook shaped leading to non-spinning or partial metamorphosis into pupa and death or spin flimsy cocoons. Larval mortality ranged from a minimum of twenty five percent to a maximum of hundred percent. The problem was noticed from the first harvest of leaves and lasted for a maximum period of 36 months. Cocoon crop loss depends on the concentration, duration and type of pesticides used previously for other crops.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2023

In Korea, open burning of agricultural residues is prevalent due to inadequate collection systems, which have caused environmental impacts such as GHGs and particulates. This illegal treatment of agricultural residues also results in economic loss, considering that agricultural residues can be utilized as resources such as pellets and energy sources. To understand the effect of avoiding open burning, this study evaluated the economic, environmental, and social effects of two alternative management options for agricultural residues: incineration and pelletizing. The study estimates the potential amount and dry weight by region for 18 items, taking various factors into account. Regarding the economic aspect, pelletizing facilities in all regions in Korea create economic benefits. This study shows that most regions have an environmental advantage by pelletizing residues. However, incineration creates more environmental benefits than pelletizing in metropolitan cities with relatively low density of residues. It is expected that the environmental, economic, and social findings of this study can be used to inform policies for bioenergy as the need for agricultural residue increases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.1604-1608
• /
• 2000

Penicillin antibiotics such as penicillin G, ampicillin and amoxicillin have been widely used in the pig industry to control salmonellosis, bacterial pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. Extensive use of antibiotics in veterinary clinics has resulted in tissue residues and bacterial resistance. To prevent unwanted drug residues entering the human food chain, extensive control measures have been established by both government authorities and industries. The demands for reliable, simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost methods for residue analysis of foods are increasing. In this study, we established a rapid prediction test for the detection of pigs with unacceptable tissue residues of penicillins. The recommended therapeutic doses of three penicillins, penillin G (withdrawal time, 7 days), ampicillin (withdrawal time, 7 days) and amoxicillin (withdrawal time, 14 days), were administered to three groups of 20 pigs each. Blood was sampled before drug administration and during the withdrawal period. The concentration of penicillins in plasma, determined by a semi-quantitative ELISA, were compared to that of internal standard, 4 ppb, which corresponded to the Maximum Residue Limit in milk. The absorbance ratio of internal standard to sample (B/Bs) was employed as an index to determine whether drug residues in pig tissues were negative or positive. That is, a B/Bs ratio less than 1 was considered residue positive, and larger than 1 negative. All 60 plasma samples from pigs were negative to three penicillins at pretreatment. Penicillin G could be detected in the plasma of the treated pigs until day 4 post-treatment and ampicillin until day 2, whereas amoxicillin could be detected until day 10 of its withdrawal period. The present study showed that the semi-quantitative ELISA could be easily adapted to detect residues of penicillin antibiotics (penicillin G, ampicillin and amoxicillin) in live pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.988-992
• /
• 2006

The ptsHI operon from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides SY1 (L. mesenteroides SY1), a strain isolated from kimchi, was cloned and characterized. The ptsH open reading frame (ORF) was 273 bp in size, which can encode a protein of 90 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 9,212 Da. The pfsI ORF was 1,719 bp in size, which was capable of encoding a protein of 572 amino acids with a molecular mass of 62,549 Da. ptsH and pfsI genes were transcribed as a single transcript of 2.0 kb in size regardless of carbon sources, supporting the operon structure. Although the deduced amino acid sequences of the HPr and EI were highly homologous with those of other Gram-positive bacteria, an additional amino acid (glutamine at the $3^{rd}$ amino acid) was present in HPr from L. mesenteroides SY1. Phosphorylation sites of HPr included the histidine residue ($16^{th}$) and serine residue ($47^{th}$). Mutant HPrs, in which each phosphorylation site was mutated into alanine, were obtained, and phosphorylation with HPr and mutated HPrs showed that HPr was phosphorylated at the serine residue ($47^{th}$) by HPr kinaseiphosphorylase (HPr K/P).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.1775-1778
• /
• 2000

Oxytetracycline has been widely used in the cattle industry to control pneumonia, shipping fever, foot rot, bacterial enteritis, and uterine infections. Extensive use of antibiotics in veterinary clinics has resulted in residues in tissue and bacterial resistance to antibiotics. To prevent unwanted drug residues from entering the human food chain, extensive control measures have been established by both government authorities and industries. The demands for reliable, simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost methods for residue analysis of foods are increasing. In this study, we established a rapid test for tissue residues of oxytetracycline in cattle. The recommended therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline (withdrawal time, 14 days) was administered to 10 cattle. Blood samples were collected from each cow before drug administration and during the withdrawal period. The concentration of oxytetracycline in plasma, determined by a semi-quantitative ELISA, was compared to that of the internal standard, 10 ppb. The absorbance ratio of internal standard to sample (B/Bs) was employed as an index to determine whether the residues in cattle tissues were negative or positive. That is, a B/Bs ratio less than 1 was considered as residue positive and that greater than 1 as negative. Based on this criterion, all plasma samples from cattle were negative to oxytetracycline at pre-treatment. Oxytetracycline could be detected in the plasma treated cattle until day 14 post-treatment. The present study showed that the semi-quantitative ELISA could be easily adapted in predicting tissue residues for oxytetracycline in live cattle.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1998

In order to minimize harmful side effects, extend weed control performance, and control the releasing rate of the active ingredient, dicamba controlled release granular formulations were prepared with starch as matrix. Leaching, soil residue, and volatilization of the granules were compared with dicamba soluble concentrate formulation (SL). Leaching of dicamba through the soil applied with the granules could be reduced more than 50% as compared with that of dicamba SL. The half life of dicamba in loamy soil treated with the granules was 50 to 51 days, while that in sand loamy soil was 50 to 58 days. Whereas, the half life of dicamba in loamy and sand loamy soil applied with dicamba SL was 24 and 22 days, respectively. Volatilization of dicamba from the granules was 10 times less than that of dicamba SL.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.564-574
• /
• 2022

Microbial diversity in the soil is responsive to changes in soil composition. However, the impact of soil amendments on the diversity and structure of rare and abundant sub-communities in agricultural systems is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of different Chinese herb residue (CHR) soil amendments and cropping systems on bacterial rare and abundant sub-communities. Our results showed that the bacterial diversity and structure of these sub-communities in soil had a specific distribution under the application of different soil amendments. The CHR soil amendments with high nitrogen and organic matter additives significantly increased the relative abundance and stability of rare taxa, which increased the structural and functional redundancy of soil bacterial communities. Rare and abundant sub-communities also showed different preferences in terms of bacterial community composition, as the former was enriched with Bacteroidetes while the latter had more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. All applications of soil amendments significantly improved soil quality of newly created farmlands in whole maize cropping system. Rare sub-communitiy genera Niastella and Ohtaekwangia were enriched during the maize cropping process, and Nitrososphaera was enriched under the application of simple amendment group soil. Thus, Chinese medicine residue soil amendments with appropriate additives could affect soil rare and abundant sub-communities and enhance physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that applying soil composite amendments based on CHR in the field could improve soil microbial diversity, microbial redundancy, and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau.