• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.595-597
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• 1995

The mean birth weight and weaning weight estimated from 777 kids from 30 bucks of Teddy goats were $1.67{\pm}0.31$ and $8.50{\pm}2.18kg$, respectively. The estimates of heritability of birth weight and weaning weight by half sib correlation method were $0.048{\pm}0.022$ and $0.101{\pm}0.012kg$, respectively. The high heritability estimates of birth weight indicates that selection on the basis of individual's own record will be effective. The low estimates of heritability of weaning weight indicates more emphasis should be given to improve environmental conditions for better achievement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.120-126
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) ZPA017 as a probiotic on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. Methods: A total of 94 sows (Large White×Yorkshire, average 4.50 parities) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control diet and the diet supplemented with P. acidilactici ZPA017 (2.40×10⁹ colony-forming unit/kg of diets). The study started at d 90 of gestation and conducted until d 28 of lactation. Results: Compared to sows fed the control diet, supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased the number of weaning piglets, weaning weight of litter and piglets, survival rate of piglets at weaning (p<0.05), and decreased diarrhea rate of piglets in lactation (p<0.05). Dietary P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased fecal Lactobacillus populations (p = 0.030) and reduced fecal Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Moreover, the supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and total protein (p<0.05), while decreased serum haptoglobin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Conclusion: Administration of P. acidilactici ZPA017 in diets during late gestation and lactation had positive effects on the reproductive performance, intestinal microflora balance and immunity of sows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1153-1158
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 and its effects on growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets. The survival in hydrogen peroxide and free radical-scavenging activity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 were analysed in vitro. The Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 showed high viability in 1.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide and high scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals which was dose dependent. Ninety-six weaning piglets were selected ($7.45{\pm}0.79kg$) and divided into three groups comprising of negative control without any supplementation, treatment group with supplemented $6.8{\times}10^7$ Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 CFU/g of diet, and positive control with antibiotic treatment (chlorotetracycline, 80 mg/kg diet). The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 supplementation enhanced feed conversion rates in piglets compared with control (p<0.05). Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and catalase in serum (p<0.10), while decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (p<0.05). The present study implies that the strain Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 had high antioxidant ability and its supplementation improved the growth performance and antioxidant status of weaning piglets, so it can be considered useful to alleviate oxidative stress and increase productive performance of pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1203-1208
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• 2001

Linzhi Native Pig is a unique local breed recently discovered in the hinterland of Tibet. Its geological distribution, natural environment and ecological conditions have been explored. Using random sampling in typical colony of classification and standard animal-scientific and biogenetic techniques, we examined its contour features, size and weight, reproductive performances, carcass characters, meat quality, fresh-keeping features and the frequency distribution in the 19 structural gene loci encoding enzymes and proteins; according to folklores and Tibetan, Chinese and English history books, the materials and literature of Tibetan Studies, we have analyzed its origin and affirmed the fact that its products have been consumed as Tibetan medicine resources. Our findings make certain that Linzhi Native Pig holds great potential value in economy and culture.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.922-930
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• 2021

Objective: Tibetan pigs, predominantly originating from the Tibetan Plateau, have been subjected to long-term natural selection in an extreme environment. To characterize the metabolic adaptations to hypoxic conditions, transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns in the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs were compared. Methods: RNA and protein were extracted from liver tissue of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs (n = 3, each). Differentially expressed genes and proteins were subjected to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes functional enrichment analyses. Results: In the RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, a total of 18,791 genes and 3,390 proteins were detected and compared. Of these, 273 and 257 differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified. Evidence from functional enrichment analysis showed that many genes were involved in metabolic processes. The combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that small molecular biosynthesis, metabolic processes, and organic hydroxyl compound metabolic processes were the major processes operating differently in the two breeds. The important genes include retinol dehydrogenase 16, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, prenylcysteine oxidase 1, sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2, ENSSSCG00000036224, perilipin 2, ladinin 1, kynurenine aminotransferase 1, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide novel insight into the high-altitude metabolic adaptation of Tibetan pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 1997

Data on 2,571 lactation records of Nili-Ravi buffaloes from four institutional herds and four field recording centers were analyzed under an animal model to see the effect of season definition on the error variance of the fitted model. Herd-year-season(HYS) was the main fixed effect along with permanent environment, breeding value and residuals as the random effects. All known relationships among the animals were considered. The error variance differed for various HYS combinations. It was minimum when then months were not grouped into seasons. The four or Five season scenarios were better than the two season scenarios. The average number of lactations represented in a HYS combination varied widely from 6 to 28. Very few subclasses for a given HYS combination warrants the use of fewer seasons for animal model evaluation of buffaloes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.554-557
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• 1999

Hatchery waste including infertile eggs, dead embryos in shell, dead or low grade chicks was cooked at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and then oven dried and ground. Hatchery waste meal (HWM) thus prepared contained 44.25% protein, 4,573 kcal/kg gross energy, 3,600 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 30% ether extract, 1.9% fibre, 14% ash, 9.8% nitrogen free extract, 7.26% Ca, 0.84%P, 1.86% lysine and 0.66% methionine with no Salmonella and E. coli. In biological evaluation trial, significantly higher weight gain was observed in ration containing 12% HWM compared with that containing similar amount of fish meal. Protein efficiency ratio on the two rations was 3.96 vs 2.85; protein digestibility, 86.02 vs 71.9; net protein utilization, 64.9 vs 42.37 and biological value, 75.37 vs 58.84, respectively, indicating better balance of amino acids in HWM compared with fish meal. Growth performance trial on broiler chicks also revealed better weight gain and feed efficiency on ration containing 12% HWM than that containing similar level of fish meal.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.739-757
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• 2024

Camel milk plays a critical role in the diet of peoples belongs to the semi-arid and arid regions. Since prehistoric times, camel milk marketing was limited due to lacking the processing facilities in the camel-rearing areas, nomads practiced the self-consumption of raw and fermented camel milk. A better understanding of the techno-functional properties of camel milk is required for product improvement to address market and customer needs. Despite the superior nutraceutical and health promoting potential, limited camel dairy products are available compared to other bovines. It is a challenging impetus for the dairy industry to provide diversified camel dairy products to consumers with superior nutritional and functional qualities. The physicochemical behavior and characteristics of camel milk is different than the bovine milk, which poses processing and technological challenges. Traditionally camel milk is only processed into various fermented and non-fermented products; however, the production of commercially important dairy products (cheese, butter, yogurt, and milk powder) from camel milk still needs to be processed successfully. Therefore, the industrial processing and transformation of camel milk into various products, including fermented dairy products, pasteurized milk, milk powder, cheese, and other products, require the development of new technologies based on applied research. This review highlights camel milk's processing constraints and techno-functional properties while presenting the challenges associated with processing the milk into various dairy products. Future research directions to improve product quality have also been discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.659-662
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• 2004

A growth trial of 60 days with 16 male buffalo calves (10 to 11 months age; 100${\pm}$7 kg live weight mean) was conducted to investigate comparative efficacy of cottonseed meal (CSM) and sunflower meal (SFM). Cottonseed meal was substituted isonitrogenously with SFM at 0, 12, 24 and 36% levels in four rations viz. A, B, C and D. Daily feed consumption was 5.07, 4.30, 4.17 and 3.20 kg, while daily weight gain was recorded to be 0.98, 0.74, 0.57 and 0.33 kg under rations A, B, C and D, respectively. In the digestibility and nitrogen balance trial using eight calves, digestibility of organic matter was 63.2, 62.9, 62.1 and 61.7, respectively. Nitrogen retained as percent of intake did not differ significantly. Sunflower meal was purchased at half the price of CSM but economics of weight gain did not favor SFM inclusion in rations. Results suggested that SFM should not be fed to buffalo calves gaining more than 0.7 kg/day.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.