• 제목/요약/키워드: Agricultural working machine

검색결과 49건 처리시간 0.025초

비닐 천공 시스템 개발 - 칼날 형상이 천공 성능에 미치는 영향 (Punching System for Plastic Mulching at Soybean Field - Effect of Punching Knife Shape on the Cutting Performance)

  • 홍성하;최안렬;이규승
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제50권5호
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    • pp.217-224
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서 개발된 자동천공기는 콩의 재식밀도를 고려한 비닐 천공능력이 작업주행속도 0.18-0.28m/s 조건에서 콩의 주간거리 0.20m, 0.25m, 0.30m에 대해 각각 320-500㎡/h, 260-400㎡/h, 210-330㎡/h의 범위로 나타났다. 천공율은 칼날과 지면간 30mm 거리에서 비닐이 100% 천공되었으며, 50mm 거리에서 원형칼날 16.7-25.2%, 사각칼날 33.0-42.3%, 육각칼날 54.5-100.0% 범위에서 천공되었다. 또한, 육각칼날 60°에서 비닐 절단면이 매끄럽고 부드러워 절단품질이 가장 우수하였다.

Effects of PTO gear face width on safety factors

  • Jang, Jeong-Hoon;Chung, Sun-Ok;Choi, Chang-Hyun;Park, Young-Jun;Chun, Won-Ki;Kim, Seon-Il;Kwon, Oh-Won;Kim, Chang-Won;Hong, Soon-Jung;Kim, Yong-Joo
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.650-655
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    • 2016
  • Gears are components of transmission which transmit the power of an engine to a machine and offer numerous speed ratios, a compact structure, and high efficiency of power transmission. Gear train design in the automotive industry uses simulation software. However, PTO (Power Take-Off) gear design for agricultural applications uses the empirical method because of the wide range of load fluctuations in agricultural fields. The PTO is an important part of agricultural tractors which transmits the power to various tractor implements. Therefore, a simulation was essential to the optimal design of the PTO. When the PTO gear is optimally designed, there are many advantages such as low cost, reduced size, and light weight. In this study, we conducted the bending and contact safety factor simulation for the PTO gear of an agricultural tractor. The bending and contact safety factors were calculated on ISO 6336 : 2006 by decreasing the face widths of the PTO pinion and wheel gear from 18 mm at an interval of 1 mm. The safety factor of the PTO gear decreased as the face width decreased. The contact safety factors of the pinion and wheel gear were 1.45 and 1.53, respectively, when the face width was 18 mm. The simulation results showed that the face width of the PTO gear should be greater than 9 mm to maintain the bending and contact safety factors higher than 1. It would be possible to reduce the weight of the PTO gear for different uses and working conditions. This study suggests that the possibility of designing an optimal PTO gear decreases as its face width decreases.

롤 구동 래핑암 회전식 원형베일래퍼의 구동 토크 분석 (Driving Torque Analysis of Role Driving & Wrapping Arm Rotation Type Round Bale Wrapper)

  • 유병기;김혁주;오권영;최광재;이성현;박환중;김병관
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.11-16
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    • 2005
  • 1. 구획이 작고 논두렁이 많은 논의 볏짚 수집에 적합한 1축롤 구동 래핑암회전식 트랙터 3점히치 장착형 원형베일 래퍼를 개발하였다. 2. 2개의 구동롤을 구동하는 래핑암 회전식원형베일래퍼는 베일 적재시 베일에 변형이 발생하였으며 작업시 무게중심이 높아 기체 흔들림이 있었으나 시작기는 베일적재시 롤이 수평직선운동을 하여 베일의 변형이 적었으며 무게중심이 낮아 작업 안정성이 다소 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 3. 베일적재시에 두 개의 적재롤이 자유회전을 하여 적재시의 베일과 롤의 마찰저항을 구름저항으로 바꿈으로써 베일의 변형이 생기지 않았으며 베일을 회전시키기 위한 구동롤의 토크를 기존의 2축롤 구동식은 12 kgf-m 이었으나 새로 개발한 1축롤 구동식은 6 kgf-m로 낮았다. 4. 구동롤 토크가 낮아 1축롤 구동으로 베일래핑작업이 가능하였으며 기계구조를 단순화 킬 수 있었다. 5. 기존 회전테이블식에 비해 작업능률을 $45\%$ 향상, 작업비용은 $17\%$ 절감할 수 있었다.

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산약(山藥)의 품질인증(品質認證) 방안(方案) (Quilitative certificational plan of shanyao)

  • 조은환;노성수;길기정;서부일;서영배
    • 혜화의학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 2004
  • Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of shanyao. To use shanyao correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of shanyao to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1) Source About a source of shanyao, though korea and china has a each other source, we think there is no problem in use of both. 2) Process In our country producing shanyao as medical use is a 'duanma', we can divide into peeling and non-peeling, drying at bulks and at briquets, steaming shanyao and fresh shanyao. Regardless of existence for peeling and steaming, a distributing shanyao is received a proper judgment. Like this result was expressed by insufficiency of standards about medical components or indicating components. We detected a reminding S02 more than 10 ppm. And this expresses that there ia a problum at a drying method. To suggest proper processing methods, a standard of quility will have to be made which the existence of peeling, difference of quility between 'changma' and 'duanma', drying method and exudation test with cutted thickness are adaptable. Besides, 'maoshanyao' and 'guangshanyao' of china is processed by various methods which decrease a medical effect such as too much soaking shanyao in water, steaming with a sulfur, too much peeling, So we must process shanyao like the next methods. (1) When harvesting, dig deeply not to cut off roots. (2) Not to peel, wash shanyao in a washing machine. (3) Dry to 50-60% degree at sunny place or drying machine. (4) To be easy for drying and exudation, cut off a thick piece with 5 mm (5) Dry perfectly at ding machine. 3) Quality3) Quality (1) Functional standards It is not Proper that 'guangshanyao' is used in china because it has a problem with quility on process of working, If they did not soak shanyao in water or heat with steam, it is the real situation that they cannot cutt off shanyao evenly. In conclusion, shanyao must be heavy, powdery with a perfectly non-peeling surface, section surface is yellow-white color, unequal and has no holes. (2) Physicochemical standards It is the real situation that we can not distinguish into quility of shanyao with established test because various workings which decrease medical effects is used. Therefore we suggest a testing standard of S02 which is used in bleaching. And testing standards relatived with decrease of medical effects must be established at once. It must that Dry on loss is less than 14.0%, content of ash is less than 6.0%. Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 0.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agricultural medince.

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Suggestion of Spring Seedling Amounts and Drone Spreader Type for Italian Ryegrass using Drones

  • Hyeonsoo Jang;Seung-Hwa Yu;Yun-Ho Lee;Hui-Woo Lee;Pyeong Shin;Dae-Uk Kim;Jin-Hui Ryu;Jong-Tak Youn;Jung-Won Kim;Bo-Gyeong Kim
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.129-129
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    • 2022
  • The production area of Italian ryegrass feed is gradually increasing and labor-saving technologies are being developed. If sowing and fertilization are carried out agricultural drones, working hours and labor are reduced. The purpose of this study is to suggest an appropriate seedling amount for feed production by drone spreading of Italian ryegrass in spring. In addition, we would like to review the productivity of the drone seeding machine that is being developed by Rural Development Administration(RDA) of Korea. Italian ryegrass was sown by a drone in February at the NICS located in Gyehwa-hwa, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. In Experiment 1, 50kg/ha, 60, 70, and 80 seeding rates were sown with a horizontal spreader drone. In Experiment 2, uniform spreaders type drone and horizontal spreader type were sown with the same seeding amount and compared. The drone was sown using the AF-52 aircraft. The higher the seeding amount, the higher the emergence rate. As the seeding amount increased, the plant length increased, but the number of tillers per individual decreased. The dry matter weight of the feed was the highest at 1,326kg/10a at the seeding rate of 70kg/ha, and decreased by 20.5% at the seeding rate of 80kg/ha. The coverage ratio was the highest at 96 at the seeding rate of 70kg/ha, which was the most advantageous for spring sowing. In the comparative experiment according to the spreader type, the uniform spreader had a high emergence rate per unit area. When the uniform spreader was used, the dry matter weight of the feed was 17% higher than that of the horizontal one, and the coverage was about 5% higher.

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하해혼성(河海混成) 식양질(埴壤質) 답(沓)에서 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 개선(改善)이 수도수량(水稻收量)에 미치는 영향(影響) (The Effects of Soil Physical Improvement on Rice Yields at Fine Textured Fluvio-Marine Paddy Field)

  • 조인상;임정남;소재돈;이선용;최대웅
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 1983
  • 하해혼함식양질답(河海混咸埴壤質畓)에서 수도수량(水稻收量)을 향상(向上)시킬 수 있는 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 개량방법(改良方法)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 심토파쇄 및 혼층처리후(混層處理後) 수도생육(水稻生育)과 토양물리성(土壤物理性)을 조사(調査)한 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 심토파쇄와 혼층처리(混層處理)에 의(依)하여 가비중(假比重), 경도(硬度), 공극률(孔隙率) 및 투수성등(透水性等) 토양물리성(土壤物理性)이 현저(顯著)히 개선(改善)되었다. 2. 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性)과 수도(水稻)의 근(根) 발달 및 수량간(收量間)에는 유의성(有意性)있는 상관관계가 성립(成立)되었다. 3. 토양물리성개선(土壤物理性改善)에 의(依)한 수도(水稻)의 증수효과는 약(約) 10%로써 배수효과 5%보다 훨씬 높았다. 4. 토양물리성개선효과는 4년차(年次)까지 지속(持續)되었으며 혼층(混層)이 심토파쇄(深土破碎)보다는 효과가 좋았으나 심토파쇄가 중기계(重機械)를 이용(利用)하여 편리(便利)한 작업(作業)이 가능(可能)하므로 가장 효율적인 개선방법(改善方法)이라고 판단된다. 5. 혼층처리시에 생고시용(生藁施用)은 무시용(無施用)에 비(比)하여 수도수량(水稻收量)이 2~3% 증수되었다.

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농업수리시설과 소수로굴착용 Trencher V형의 개발에 대하여 (Resear cher & Coordinator, Canal Reseach & Development, japan)

  • 영목청
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.28-36
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    • 1979
  • One of most important problems in the Monsoon Asia today is the production of rice paddy to meet the needs of the ever increasing population. Diversemeans are being employed to meet this demand, both by increasing productivity of existing farm land and by bringing further areas into cultivation. The primary step in either field is to ensure that there is sufficient moisture in the soil to suit the paddy, and at the same this means that excess moisture has to be drained off the land, while in others irrigat ion has to be employed to bring sufficient water to an area. In view of the fact that the project comprises a huge amount of earthwork, it can be carried out by extensive use of construction machinery in order to shorten the period. As farm ditch has a comparatively small section with shallow cutting depth, inaddition, there is lack of access road in the field, the excavation equipment with bulldozer or tracter-shovel (backhoe) type are not applicable because there are mostly adapted for the excavation of deep and wide section. Mini-backhoe with its bucket width not larger than 0. 3m, and width of blade not larger than 1. 00m seems to be more adaptable. About 80% of excavation of ditch section will be done by the machinery while the other 20% of excavation together with the finishing of the section are supposed to be done by man-power. The embankment of ditch section can be compacted by the crawler of backhoe when it is moving along the ditch for excavation. However, Lowland paddy field in the Monsoon Asia are made particulary in rain season, therefore, heavy machinery is not easy excavation for ditch. It is very important to know exact ground support power of the working site and select machines with corresponding ground pressure. Ground support power is variable subject to quality and water content of soil and therefore selection of machines should be made duly considering ground condition of the site at the time of construction works. Farm ditches dug and compacted by mannual labar are of poor quality and subject to destruction after one or two years of operation. On the other hand, excavation and compaction by bulldozer is not practical for ditches. Backboe is suitable for slope land, but this is required cycle time of bucket excavation and dumped out. If a small-scale farm ditch trencher adaptable to lowland paddy field is invented, such a machine could greatly accelerate the massive construction work envisaged in many countries and thus significantly speed up the most difficult part of irrigation development and management in Monsoon Asia.

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평행식 진동탄환 암거 천공기의 연구(III)-견인력, 토크, 동력 및 모멘크에 관한 모형시험- (A Study on Balanced -type Oseillating Mole-Drainer(III)-Model Test for Draft Force, Torque, Power and Moment)

  • 김용환
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 1976
  • This paper is the third one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, the first one was presented in No 9. Gyeongsang College Report and the second one in Vol. 17, No.4 of the KSAE. In the first part of this study, the characteristics of traction forces between the nonoscillating earth working equipments and oscillating ones was compared. A model of the balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, which composed of a mechanism that may reduce the machine vibration, was designed following the dimensional analysis and similitude technique. The model test was carried out to clarify the balancing mechanism of the oscillating parts and other parts of the machine. In the light of the results from the model tests, a prototype machine was made for experimental purpose. Results from the field test by a reported in the near future. In the second report, the model tests were carried out under the same soil conditions, i.e, . oscillating frequency, running velocity, and oscillating amplitude, etc. It was clear that use of balanced type oscillating model could substantially reduce the vibration of the whole system of the machine, when compared with the nonoscillating type model. In this paper(the third report), results of investigation on the traction force, power requirement, and moment. etc, is presented. Analysis of variance technique was used for analyzing the effect of the frequency, amplitude, and running velocity on the draft force, torque, power requirements, and moments. The results obtained from the model tests are as follows, 1) By practicing a balanced-type oscillating mole-drainer, it was possible to reduce the traction resistance by 55.1-61. 2 percent of traction resistance, however, was 1.75 - 1.95 times greater than the value of resistance which was induced by use of a mole-drainer with single bullet. The resistance of rear shank against soil was considered as a main causing factor of the above results. 2) As the oscillation frequency was increased, the traction resistance was decreased. Considering on the effect of oscillation the greater the amplitude, and the slower the running velocity was, the greater the reduction ratio of traction resistance was. 3) The ratio of the traction resistance of oscillating mole-drainer to that of non-oscillating one could be represented as a function of dimensionless variable (V/$Af$). The results from the tests were well agreed with the reported results from the experim ents on oscillation plow or hoe. 4) By taking a lower value of (V/$Af$), reducing the traction resistance was possible. This fact meant, however, that the efficiency of mole drain practice would be lower. 5) It was experimentally confirmed under the same condition of soil that the variable (R/$rD1^3$) could be represented as a function of a variable($V^2/gD$) when a non\ulcornerocillating mole-drainer was used. 6) When a oscillating mole-drainer was used, the variable(R/$rD_1^{3}$) could be represented as a function of two variables ($v^2/gD_1$) and (V^2/gD_1$). 7) The torque was not affected by a change of frequency. However, a relation of proportionality existed between torque and amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter. When a balanced type oscillating mole-drainer with two bullets was used, torque was increased by 52.8-78. 4 percent and total power requirement was also increased. 8) Total power requirement was increased linearly in accordance with the increasing frequency, 41.96 percent of total power was used for oscillating action. The magnitude of total power requirement was 1. 8-9. 4 times greater than that of a non-oscillating mechanism. In the view point of power requirement, it was not advisable to increase the frequency, amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter at the same time. 9) Only the positive moment occured in the rear shank. Change of the diameter of a rear bullet, could not affect the balancing against the soil resistance. It was necessary for rear bullet to have a large resistance against soil only when the rear bullet was in backward motion. 10) Within an extent of the experimental base, optimum limits for several design factors were A=0.5cm, $f$=22.5Hz, V=O. 05m/sec, and $\lambda$=1.0 By adapting these values traction resistance was reduced by 40 percent and vibration acceleration wa s reduced by 60 percent. Even though the total , power requirements for operating a balanced type oscillation mechanism was greater ~than that of non-oscillating one, using a oscillating mechanism would be more effective. Because a balanced type oscillating mechanism is used, tractive resistance will be reduced and then the lighter . tractive equipment could be used.

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2조형(條型) Combine의 이용(利用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Utilzation of Two Furrow Combine)

  • 이상우;김성래
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 1976
  • 도입(導入)된 2조용(條用) Combine으로 통일(統一) 및 밀양(密陽) 15호(號) 수도품종(水稻品種)에 대(對)한 포장수확작업(圃場收穫作業)을 실시(實施)하여 Combine의 작업정도(作業精度) 작업성능(作業性能) 기계적(機械的)인 적응성(適應性)을 파악(把握)하고 한국(韓國)에서의 보급전망(普及展望)을 분석검토(分析檢討)한바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 장간종(長稈種)인 밀양(密陽)15호(號)에 대(對)한 Combine 수확작업(收穫作業)은 수확적기(收穫適期)로 부터 13일(日) 경과후(經過後)까지 5회(回)에 걸쳐 시기별(時期別)로 수확작업(收穫作業)을 실시(實施)한바 완숙도(完熟度)에 관계(關係)없이 수확작업(收穫作業) 양호(良好)하였으며 포장손실율(圃場損失率) 1% 미탈곡율(未脫穀率) 1%로 양호(良好)한 편(便)이었다. 2. 단간종(短稈種)인 통일(統一)에 대(對)한 Combine 수확작업(收穫作業)은 완숙기(完熟期)로 부터 수확시기(收穫時期)가 경과(經過)될 수록 포장손실(圃場損失)이 Fig 1과 같은 경향으로 5.13%에서 10.34%로 증가(增加) 하였으며 통일(統一)벼 수확(收穫)을 위(爲)하여는 기계적(機械的)인 개선(改善)이 많이 요망(要望)되었다. 3. 공시(供試)된 Combine은 장간종용(長稈種用)의 기종(機種)이어서 벼 이삭의 높이가 균일(均一)치 못한 단간종(短稈種) 통일(統一)벼는 탈곡부(脫穀部)의 공급(供給) Chain과 급실(扱室)과의 거리가 커서 급동(扱胴)의 급치(扱齒)에 못미치는 부분(部分)이 있어 미탈곡립율(未脫穀粒率)이 평균(平均) 1.6%이었다. 4. Combine 탈곡부(脫穀部) 급동(扱胴)의 회전수(回轉數)(240~350R.P.M)와 동할미(胴割米)의 관계(關係)는 통일(統一) 및 밀양(密陽)15호(號) 양품종(兩品種) 모두 동할율(胴割率)이 1% 미만(未滿)으로 유의차(有意差)가 없었다. 5. 통일(統一)벼는 벼 이삭이 잎속에 들어 있어 탈곡시(脫穀時) 검불의 양(量)이 많으며 특(特)히 생탈곡시(生脫穀時)는 검불량이 더 많이 생기므로 양곡부(揚穀部) 및 배진구(排塵口)에서 폐쇄현상(閉鎖現像)이 자주 일어남으로 선별(選別) 및 배진장치(排塵裝置)의 개선(改善)이 요망(要望)된다. 6. Combine의 접지압(接地壓)은 $0.19kg/cm^2$로 Fig3과 같은 약(弱)한 지내력(地耐力)의 토양(土壤)에서 Combine의 Track이 25cm 침하(沈下)하여도 Combine의 주행(走行)은 가능(可能)하였다. 그러나 지내력(地耐力)은 지점(地点)에 따라 균일(均一)치 않아 침하(沈下)의 깊이가 균일(均一)치 못함으로 침하(沈下) 5cm정도(程度)에서는 예취(刈取) 높이의 조정(調整)없이 수확작업(收穫作業)이 가능(可能)할 것으로 인정(認定)된다. 7. 관행수확작업(慣行收穫作業)과 Combine 수확작업(收穫作業)의 경제성(經濟性)을 검토(檢討)한바 수도맥작(水稻麥作)의 연간(年間) 사용일수(使用日數)를 40일(日)로 하고 작업일수율(作業日數率) 60% 포장작업효율(圃場作業效率) 56%로 할 때 작업속도(作業速度)를 0.273m/sec로 하여 분석(分析)한바 1일작업시간(日作業時間)을 8시간(時間)으로 할 때 연간부담면적(年間負擔面積)이 4.7ha로 ha당(當) 수확작업비용(收穫作業費用)이 관행수확작업비용(慣行收穫作業費用)과 일치(一致)함으로 통일(統一)벼 수확작업(收穫作業)에 이용(利用)될 수 있도록 Combine의 기계적(機械的)인 보완개량(補完改良)이 뒤따르면 Combine의 흡착(吸着)은 경제적(經濟的)으로 타당(妥當)하다고 인정(認定)된다. 8. 장간종(長稈種)의 현(現) Combine을 통일품종수확(統一品種收穫) 작업(作業)에 이용(利用)키 위(爲)하여는 전면측방(前面側方)의 divider가 벼이식에 닿지 않도록 조절할 수 있게 하고 급동(扱胴)과 feed chain의 간격(間隔)을 좁히고 배진장치(排塵裝置)를 개량(改良)하고 수도간장(水稻稈長)에 따라 기계전후조정범위(機械前後調整範圍)를 넓히고 배수불량(排水不良)한 답(畓)에서의 이용(利用)을 위(爲)하여 Track의 폭(幅)을 넓히는 등(等)의 개량(改良)이 요망(要望)된다.

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