• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2008

The principle goal of environmentally-friendly agriculture is to maintain and conserve water and agriculture environment including drinking water resources by properly using agricultural materials such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers, and other agricultural materials according to act 19 of foster law of environmentally-friendly agriculture. To achieve these goals, we have to establish Integrated Nutrient Management(INM) and Integrated Pesticide Management(IPM) which are most important core technologies for environmentally-friendly rice cultivation. However, there are lack of criteria and technology for evaluation category according to soil management and its soil classes to practice an environmentally-friendly agriculture. Therefore, we should eatablish the standards to produce the safe agricultural products based on the soil physical and chemical characteristics which are basic properties of soil to accomplish the principle aims of environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.31-31
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• 2000

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2024

Global warming-induced drought inflicts significant socio-economic and environmental damage. In Korea, the persistent drought in the southern region since 2022 has severely affected water supplies, agriculture, forests, and ecosystems due to uneven precipitation distribution. To effectively prepare for and mitigate such impacts, it is imperative to develop proactive measures supported by early monitoring systems. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of multiple evapotranspiration-based drought indices, focusing on the flash drought event in the southern region in 2022. The indices included the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) considering precipitation and temperature, and the Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) based on satellite images. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and SPEI indices utilized temperature and precipitation data from meteorological observation stations, while the ESI index was based on satellite image data provided by the MODIS sensor on the Terra satellite. Additionally, we utilized the Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) provided by the North Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a supplementary index to ESI, enabling us to perform more effective drought monitoring. We compared the degree and extent of drought in the southern region through four drought indices, and analyzed the causes and effects of drought from various perspectives. Findings indicate that the ESI is more sensitive in detecting the timing and scope of drought, aligning closely with observed drought trends.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.83-92
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• 2001

As a result of the recent water resources crisis, development of water management automation system becomes important. This system should be developed with open architecture in order to flexibly meet the spacial and time change of irrigation water demand. Thereby, water management automation system requires open architecture and suitable software program. This study presents an application of object-oriented methodology for Open Water Management Program(OWMP). Accordingly, OWMP provides a high degree of reliability which allows modification of parameters by change of region or time to be possible. OWMP consists of Data Base Management System(DBMS) and Model System. DBMS makes it possible to analyze data related with planning water schedule and establishing database. Model System calculates reservoir inflow, reservoir effluent and basin water demand. An operator decides the reservoir operation with results of Model System and DBMS. OWMP could be adapted to the planning and decision for saving water.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.573-579
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• 2009

The performance of Rainfall-Runoff Forecasting System (RRFS), the watershed management model for the Geum river basin, is evaluated based on the agreement between the simulated and observed hydrographs and the behavioral characteristics of the flow-duration curves. As a result, the simulated hydrographs are well agreed with the observed ones except high flow discharges. It is inferred that most of the errors in the simulated hydrographs are due to the misestimation of agricultural water use in $2^{nd}$ quarter and the discrepancy of the peak discharges in $3^{rd}$ quarter. It is however judged that RRFS would give the reliable runoff hydrographs from the point of view of continuous model application. And simulated flow-duration curves and flow-duration coefficients are also similar to the observed ones except flood flow region. From the above result it is confirmed that the construction of Yongdam dam improves the state of flow-duration curve at the Gongjoo station.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2004

The present agricultural water quality standards are set by a policy goal. This is intended for water quality management of public water resources, but not for the use of water resources. These standards were not determined by considering the influence of water quality on the safety of agricultural produce and the growth, yield and quality of agricultural crops. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of irrigation water quality on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice and acquire fundamental knowledges to set up irrigation water quality standards. The pot experiment was conducted with 4 treatments using irrigation waters with various total nitrogen concentrations (control, 1, 5, 10, 20mg/L) and replicated four times with randomized block design. The results of this study showed that plant height, number of tiller, plant dry weight, the uptake of N, P, and K, and rice protein contents tended to increase as the T-N concentration in irrigation water was increased. In addition, grain yield at T-N 20 mg/L was significantly higher than in the control, but the percentage of head rice was slightly lower due to the increase of green kernel and white belly/core kernel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.408-408
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• 2019

The persistence of drought periods and water scarcity is a growing public concern, as climate change projections indicate a more critical scenario in the future. The sustainability of water resources for the increasing population, and to ensuring crop production will unarguably be a daunting task for the water resources managers, with a projected 9.8 billion people by 2050 as well as the need to increase food production by 70 to 100%. Consequently, there is a need for significant irrigation water use for more crop production in the face of stiff competition among water users. However, the available natural resources are already over-constrained, and the allocation of more resources for food production is not feasible. Currently, about two-thirds of global water withdrawer is used by the agricultural sector while 48% of water resources in Korea is used for agricultural production. Despite the apparent ecological deficit and unfavorable conditions of resources utilization, a staggering amount of food waste occurs in the country. Moreover, wastage of food translates to waste of all the resources involved in the food production including water resources. Food waste can also be considered a serious potential for economic and environmental problems. Hence, exploring an alternative approach to efficient resources utilization in a more sustainable way can ensure considerable resources conservation. We hypothesized that reducing food waste will decline the demand for food production and consequently reduce the pressure on water resources. We investigated the food wastage across the food supply chain using the top-down datasets based on the FAO mass balance model. Furthermore, the water footprint of the estimated food wastage was assessed using the representative of selected food crops. The study revealed that the average annual food wastage across the food supply chain is 9.05 million tonnes, signifying 0.51 kg/capita/day and 48% of domestic food production. Similarly, an average of $6.29Gm^3$ per annum of water resources was lost to food wastage, which translates to 40% of the total allotted water resources for agriculture in the country. These considerable resources could have been conserved or efficiently used for other purposes. This study demonstrated that zero food waste generation would significantly reduce the impact on freshwater resources and ensure its conservation. There is a need for further investigation on the food waste study using the bottom-up approach, specifically at the consumer food waste, since the top-down approach is based on estimations and many assumptions were made.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2016

Gansu, located in the northwestern region, is a typical agricultural province of arid, semiarid in China. The shortage of water resources is the biggest obstacle of Gansu Province's development, and the dry farming water-saving is the eternal theme of Gansu agricultural sustainable development. In recent years, intensify reform in Gansu, has walked out a successful way in the agricultural water-saving. Using the integrated river basin governance as opportunity, the total water-using quantity was regarded as rigidity to retrain, distributed to counties (districts), irrigated areas, towns, associations, groups step by step. Agricultural water price was substantially increased, with the surface water price from about $0.1RMB/m^3$ to more than $0.2 RMB/m^3$, and the ground water from zero to more than $0.1RMB/m^3$. Simultaneously, the difference water prices and over-quota water progression price markup were carried out. The transaction of water rights was encouraged to impel the peasant to establish the consciousness of saving-water. The regulatory documents were formulated to standardize the scope, condition, mode, program etc. of agriculture water-rights transaction, to guarantees the transaction of water rights is carries out in order. The pattern of farming was optimized and adjusted, reducing the high water-consumption crop, increasing economic crops with high benefit and low water-consumption, developing industrialized agricultures such as green house. The relative engineering and measuring facility were comprehensively improved, with the anti-seepage of canal system and the enforcement of dynamo-electric well, developing high-efficient water-saving irrigation and overall metering facilities. The water fine-grained management has realized, and obvious water-saving effect has obtained: water-using rate in the irrigation area by river water has brought up to 0.57 from 0.52, and by well water up to 0.84 from 0.76. Although the water price has increased, the proportion that the water rate expenditure accounted for the cost lasts decline, and the farmers' income has gone up. The peasants express, the used water is few, and it is few to till land, but the income is many, and life is better.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

Large dams are managed with operation standard and flood forecasting systems, while small dams do not have management method generally. Shortage of water resources and natural disasters due to drought and flood raised public concerns for management of small dams. Most of small dams are irrigation dams, which need diversified water uses. However, the lack of systematic management of small dams have caused serious water wastage and increased natural disasters. Storage management method and system were developed to solve these problems in small dams. The system was applied to Seongju dam for effective management. The storage management method was established considering hydrology simulation and statistical analysis using the system. This method can bring additional available water, even in the same conditions of the water demand and the supply conditions of watershed. It can improve the flood control capacity and water utilization efficiency by' the flexible operation of storage space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.211-211
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• 2020

The concept of virtual water has been largely applied in the study of regional, national, and global water flows with particular emphasis on water scarcity. Despite water traditionally being managed locally, certain global forces influence the local water resource scarcity/availability and hence virtual water exchanges worldwide. It is therefore of necessity that the significant forces be examined to understand the relationship between available water in a region and the variability and trends in environmental, social, and economic factors that are of utmost importance in the formulation of water resources management policies. This study therefore reviewed recent literature from 2003 - 2019 to determine the significant indicators of virtual water trade at different spatiotemporal levels. The study examined and compared the major approaches to virtual water trade flows accounting, and also identified and discussed policy implications and future research options concerning the analysis of virtual water trade. Available information has shown that virtual water trade is significantly influenced by economic (GDP, Demand-Supply of goods and services), geographical (Distance), institutional (population) and environmental (water availability, arable land, precipitation) factors. Reports further show that the selection of a given approach for virtual water trade flows accounting will depend on the scope of the study, the available datasets, and other research preferences. Accordingly, this study suggests that the adoption of multidisciplinary approaches to virtual water trade, taking into consideration the spatial and temporal variations in water resources availability and the complexity of environmental and socioeconomic factors will be pivotal for establishing the basis for the conservation of water resources worldwide.