• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.113 no.1
• /
• pp.118-130
• /
• 2024

Rehabilitation of mining areas can reduce damage to ecosystems. However, the effects of rehabilitation on ecosystem services (ESs) and its contribution to local communities are not well known. Thus, the aims of this study were to clearly identify the ES beneficiaries affected by mining activities, to determine how the beneficiaries profit from surrounding areas in cooperation with local stakeholders, and to manage the rehabilitation areas for the ESs that the beneficiaries want. This study chose 18 ESs (4 provisioning, 7 regulating, 5 cultural, and 2 habitat services) based on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. A semi-structured questionnaire survey using an 11-point Likert scale was conducted among 87 community residents to investigate social awareness and identify key ESs. The survey results from two local communities showed high awareness and demands mainly on cultural (mental and physical health, aesthetic appreciation, and recreation) and regulating services (local climate and air quality, and moderation of extreme events). These services were related to the daily lives of residents in local communities, provided positive benefits, and potentially improved the residents' future livelihoods. However, the average questionnaire scores were limited to 6-7 points, indicating that the benefits to local communities were meager. The residents' awareness of provisioning service was negative, even if it provided goods and profit opportunities. This indicated a disconnection between local communities and provisioning services due to forest rehabilitation that did not consider local communities that traditionally relied on specific provisioning services before the onset of mining activities. Future forest rehabilitation in abandoned mine areas must consider the welfare of local communities for sustainable use of rehabilitated forests and enhancing ESs. In this study, only a qualitative evaluation based on frequency analyses was conducted. The quantification and valuation of key ESs are warranted in the future to promote ESs from forest rehabilitation in abandoned mine areas. The study results would be useful for developing site-specific ES promotion strategies for reforesting mine areas.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.3-20
• /
• 2006

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry announced promoting the project, 'Regional Agricultural Clusters,' in Feb. 2004 through 「The Comprehensive Plan for the Agriculture and Agricultural Communities」 and initiated a model project from 2005. The purpose of 'Regional Agricultural Clusters' is to develop regional agriculture by concentrating the resources and capacities of the region and maximizing the effect of integrating related projects. 31 towns in Geonggi and 2 towns (Ganghwa and Ongjin) in Incheon were chosen for the study based on the crop areas of 36 agricultural products from the Agricultural Census in 2000. For those 33 towns, factors such as the top 20 agricultural products, main producing districts and surveys on each towns were considered and we have concluded that these items are good subjects for 'Regional Agricultural Clusters' : We have decided on 18 items for what we call, 'Mini-Clusters,' a cluster in which the item's main producing district is in only one area of the town in question (in 30 projects out of 21 towns). Secondly, we have decided on 11 items for what we call, 'Base-Clusters,' a cluster in which the item's main producing district can be associated by name with the item, the production is sizeable, and can be found in several locations of the town in question (in 13 projects out of 11 towns). Finally, we have decided on 12 items for what we call, 'Broad-Based-Clusters, a cluster which the item's main producing district expands the past the vicinity of the town in question (in 19 projects out of 19 towns).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.599-605
• /
• 2013

The effects of water-saving irrigation on the emissions of greenhouse gases and the prokaryotic communities in rice paddy soils were investigated through a field experiment. In the Water-Saving (WS) irrigation, the water layer was kept at 2~3 cm while it was kept at 6 cm in the Continuousiy Flooding (CF) irrigation. A plot was treated with Intermittently Drainage (ID) that is drained as fine cracks on the floor were seen after transplanting. GHGs emission amounts from WS plots were reduced by 78.1% compared to that from CF plot and by 70.7% compared to that from ID plot, meaning that WS could help contribute to mitigation of the greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2006

We propose an Agricultural Infrastructure Expansion Plan (AIEP) for North Korea following unification from the standpoint of a united Korea's social stability. We predict the food demand after unification, according to four different development scenarios based on the AIEP. These scenarios include meeting a self-sufficient level in the staple food crop, satisfying long-term food supply and demand for the North Korean people, achieving a level of North Korean food consumption comparable to that of South Korea, and maintaining productivity to stabilize of North Korea's rural society. We present the results of a 'benefit-cost' analysis in meeting the production targets of predicted food demands after unification from a civil engineering perspective. We found that the estimated total costs would range from 15.2 to 43.0 billion dollars depending on the particular AIEP scenario. In our analysis, all of the four scenarios presented above demonstrated a high degree of economic validity. We conclude that the AIEP is a necessary and economically valid project for a united Korea's future because it would forestall the collapse of North Korea's rural communities, thereby preventing tremendous economic losses upon unification.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the community structure of ground beetles between coniferous- and deciduous-dominant forest in agricultural landscapes, in Miryang-si, Yeongdong-gun, Icheon-si, and Cheolwon-gun during April to October in 2009. A total of 19 species belonging to 15 genera of 9 subfamilies were identified from 6,253 collected ground beetles. Dominant species from 4 regions were Synuchus nitidus (3,715 individuals, 59.4% of total) and Synuchus cyloderus (1,783 individuals, 28.5%) respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray-Curtis similarity showed that ground beetle assemblage was not different between forest stands, but it was significantly different among regions. Overall, forest stands of secondary forests may not show a different community structure of ground beetle assemblages in our study. However, monitoring on the ground beetle fauna as well as other arthropods of secondary forests in agricultural landscapes is still important for the management and conservation of biodiversity, because forests provides important habitats for many predatory arthropods, such as ground beetles, spiders and rove beetles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to find out and discuss methods of development applicable in rural agricultural area. It is expected that rural economy will decrease in the future because of the structural problems of agricultural economy itself. The demands of rural communities for an improvement in the living standards should continue to increase but the present living environments remain poor and are at a relatively low level. This investigation focuses on the analysis of development types in rural areas in Japan. Various methods of development must be used considering specific features of each rural village. The village people's participation must be needed for success of certain methods of development. An example is the type of greentourism and type of exchange between the urban and the rural areas. Other types of development require enormous expense for construction of facilities. Various strategies and methods of development are needed in rural agricutural area in Korea. The simple method of development that is widely used currently is not really helpful to the development of rural agricultural economy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2011

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were used to describe differences in soil microbial communities influenced by conventional farming system (CFS), conventional farming system without pesticides (CFSWP), and organic farming system (OFS) for strawberry cultivation in controlled horticultural land. In comparison to the CFS soils, the average soil microbial biomasses of in the OFS soils were approximately 1.2 times for total FAMEs ($195nmol\;g^{-1}$), 1.4 times for total bacteria ($58nmol\;g^{-1}$), 1.5 times for Gram-negative bacteria ($27.3nmol\;g^{-1}$), 1.2 times for Gram-positive bacteria ($26.1nmol\;g^{-1}$), and 1.5 times for actinomycetes ($2.8nmol\;g^{-1}$). The microbial communities of total bacteria (p<0.05) and Gram-negative bacteria (p<0.05) in the OFS and CFSWP soils were significantly higher larger than those in the CFS soils. However, fungal structure was significantly greater in CFS than in OFS and CFSWP (p<0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, our findings suggest that actinomycetes should be considered as potential factor responsible for the clear microbial community differentiation observed between OFS and CFS in controlled horticultural land.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2024

This study conducted a survey from April 2021 to December 2022 to investigate habitat factors affecting bird diversity in the region between Cheonwangbong Peak and Aghwibong in Baekdudaegan protected area, South Korea. Since the region has a spatial scale of 736.4 km² and is an area where a wide variety of habitats are mixed, we selected 20 survey areas of 3 km x 3 km by analysis of habitat homogeneity. As a result of analyzing the relationship between habitat environment and bird diversity in the survey area, it was found that the diversity of bird communities was directly or indirectly related to the diversity of terrestrial insects, slope, average habitat area, mean size of patches, elevation, and forest type, and distance from agricultural land. The slope of habitat, forest type, and distance from agricultural land affect the occurrence of food sources directly and indirectly, and the average area of habitats and forest type is closely related to the structural diversity of habitats. Therefore, it is determined that the diversity of bird communities is affected by the amount of food generated within the habitat and the diversity of habitats. It is determined that the relationship between bird communities and habitat environments in this surveyed region can be basic ecological data for establishing forest management measures to promote the diversity of bird communities.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.209-246
• /
• 2000

This study were carried out to establish the directions on ecoturism development in linking $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ villages together by led community dwellers for an alternative plan in order to economic active of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ communities and reconstruction of community's cooperative organization and improvement and development of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ village's domiciliative envirnment of Korea. The method of this research was chiefly used literature investigations and collections by field investigation in case of a few ecoturism resort of Korea. The result of this study were as follows : Ecoturism development in linking rural mountain fishing villages together by led community dwellers for an alternative plan in order to economic active of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ communities and to reconstruct of community's cooperative organization and to improve and develope of $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ village's domiciliative envirnment of Korea will be effective to improve tourism environment. Especially, ecotoutism development will be effective and alternative plan in order to preserve $rural\;{\cdot}\;mountain\;{\cdot}\;fishing$ regions of our country's intact from the induction of act of pollution.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2007

This study aims to investigate the flora and the vegetation of Dokdo (Dongdo). The vegetation types were investigated by the Z-M school method. A total of 44 vascular plant taxa belonging to 24 families, 41 genera, 36 species, and 11 varieties are recognized in Dongdo, Dokdo. In this study, we confirmed four species, Chenopodium serotinum, Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum, Bromus japonicus, Elymus sibiricus, that had not been previously reported. The biological type of Dokdo was determined to be $Th-D_4-R_5-e(b)$ type. Two main vegetation groups which were established in a rocky area with little soil development and in a developed soil layer, along the development of soil layer have been distinguished and classified into five communities. The former was composed of 1 community; Aster spathulifolius-Sedum oryzifolium community. The latter was composed of 4 communities; Agropyron tsukusiense var. transiens community, Festuca rubra-Artemisia japonica ssp. littoricola community, Miscanthus sinensis community, and Artemisia princeps community.