• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2000

One week survey to investigate the prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in Korea. The subject(n=7,704 patients) was newly enrolled patients at the out patient clinic in 90 ENT departments of resident training hospitals and 11 local clinics, which were voluntarily participated in the study 1) Twenty five percent of all enrolled patients has LPR-related symptoms or clinical findings from the examination by ENT specialists. 2) Among e name of LPR-related diagnosis, globus syndrome was e most common, and follows by reflux laryngitis, and chronic laryngitis. 3) Women was more prevalent than men, and it is common in 5th, 6th, and 7th decades, which seems to be related with aging process. 4) Most popular symtoms of LPR. were globus sensation, conic throat clearing, and hoarseness of unknown origin. 5) Aggravating factors of LPR-related symptoms were tiredness, mental stress, drink alcohol, cigarettes smoking, spicy food, and drinking coffee. 6) LPR-related symptoms were more common in professional voice users. 7) In past medical history, diseases of stomach and tonsillitis were most common.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

The progressive attrition of teeth is a normal process by aging. However, excessive tooth wear with decreased vertical dimension of occlusion and collapse of occlusal plane may cause pathologic pulpal condition, occlusal disharmony, functional disorders and esthetic problems. The change of vertical dimension is required in case that there is no sufficient clearance for restoration or in case that the occlusal relationship is modified. For gaining the vertical dimension, a careful diagnosis is essential prior to starting the restoration treatment. After evaluating adaptation of neuromuscular system of patient during provisional phase, the final restorations can be fabricated. In this case, a 78 year old male with severely worn down dentition was treated. To improve the esthetic appearance and to achieve the ideal occlusal relationship, the full mouth rehabilitation with minimal increase of vertical dimension is planned and diagnostic wax-up was performed at the increased vertical dimension. After evaluation of provisional restorations for 12 weeks, final restorations were fabricated and routine clinical assessments were made. After 1 year, the restorations with newly established occlusal scheme are well maintained without significant complications and esthetically and functionally satisfactory results were obtained.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Background: The DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay is a newly developed cancer diagnostic test which quantifies the serum fibrin degradation products (FDP), produced during fibrinolysis, by antibody reaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of DR-$70^{TM}$ Immunoassay in screening malignant tumor. Methods: Sample subjects were 4,169 adults, both male and female, who visited the health promotion center of a general hospital from March 2004 to April 2005 and underwent the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay test and other tests for cancer diagnosis. The patient group was defined as 42 adults out of the sample subjects who were newly diagnosed with cancer during the same time period when the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay test was performed. Final confirmation of a malignant tumor was made by pathological analysis. Results: The mean DR-$70^{TM}$ level was $0.83{\pm}0.65{\mu}g/ml$ (range: 0.00 (0.0001)${\sim}7.42{\mu}g/ml)$ in the control group (n=4,127) as opposed to $2.70{\pm}2.33{\mu}g/ml$ (range: $0.12{\sim}9.30{\mu}g/ml)$ in the cancer group (n=42), and statistical significance was established (p<0.0001, Student t-test). When categorized by the type of malignant tumor, all cancer patients with the exception of the subgroups of colon and rectal cancer showed significantly higher mean DR-$70^{TM}$ levels compared with the control group (p<0.0001, Kruscal-Wallis test). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed ${\geq}1.091{\mu}g/ml$ as the best cut-off value. Using this cut-off value, the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay produced a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 70.1%, a positive predictability of 69.4%, and a negative predictability of 69.2% (1). Conclusion: A significant increase in the mean DR-$70^{TM}$ value was observed in the cancer group (thyroidal, gastric, breast, hepatic and ovarian) com pared with the control group. In particular, the specificity and sensitivity of the DR-$70^{TM}$ immunoassay was relatively high in the subgroups of breast, gastric, and thyroidal cancer patients. There is need for further studies on a large number of malignant tumor patients to see how the DR-$70^{TM}$ level might be changed according to the differentiation grade and postoperative prognosis of the malignant tumor.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2003

Objectives : Dementia has emerged as a leading public health problem in elderly persons, and its early detection is important for the treatment of curable cases, and in the educational support for other family members. Although dementia screening tests are available, they have not gained widespread use in community or primary care settings. Our goal was to validate the Tine and Change (T&C) Test, -including its validity and reliability in patients, and to assess it as a simple, standardized method for the screening of dementia in the rural elderly. Methods : The participants in this study comprised of 59 patients from an urban hospital and 405 persons from a rural community aged 65 years or older. The time test evaluated the understanding of clock hands indicating 11:10, and the change test the ability to make 1,000 Won from a group of coins, consisting of one 500, seven 100, and seven 50 Won coins. The T&C ratings were validated against a reference standard based on the physician's diagnosis of the patients. The convergent validity in relation to other cognitive measure, test-retest agreement, and inter-observer reliability were assessed. To assess the relationship between the Korean Mini-Mental State Exam (K-MMSE) and the T&C Test, the mean K-MMSE scores were compared with the results of the T&C Test in the elderly from a rural community. Results The T&C Test had a sensitivity and specificity of 73.0, and 90.9%, and positive and negative predictive values of 93.1, and 66.7%, respectively. The test-retest and inter-observer agreement rates were both 95%. The K-MMSE scores and T&C Test were significantly related in the elderly from a rural community (p<0.01), The T&C Test was not influenced by the educational status. The Time and Change Tests took a mean of 6.3 and 12.7 seconds, respectively, to complete Conclusion : The T&C Test is a simple, accurate and reliable, performance-based tool in the screening for dementia. Because it is quick, and easy-to-use, it is hoped the T&C Test will be used for the widespread cognitive screening of aging populations.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2015

Advancement in the medical field provides an opportunity for the development of medical equipment and also enable accurate diagnosis for the inspection and the treatment of diseases. The aging of equipment due to the frequent operation produce uncertainty in the patient exposure dose, so a quality control was implemented by establishing a safety management system on a regular basis. The x-ray tube voltage (kVp), which is directly involved in the patient exposure dose and the life of the equipment, needs periodic performance for the quality control, but it has a limitation due to the time and the cost. In this study, we proposed a new method for measuring the kVp with ease by using the Y and Cu to solve the problem of the time and cost. We also evaluated the usefulness and the effectiveness of the new method and its accuracy through the kVp measurement. After securing the condition, the amount of the tube current and evaluating the usefulness and effectiveness of kVp measured using Y and Cu. The density range used was at 0.5-1.0, kVp was in the range of ${\pm}10%$, then, we recorded the change in concentration as % of Y and Cu. This experiment showed that when Cu and Y was at 75 kVp, concentration was the same, and when the kVp was changed to 65 ~ 85 %, a gradual increase in concentration to 85 ~ 110 % was noted.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 1995

Introduction : $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA is a tumor seeking agent that has been used to image medullary carcinoma of thyroid, soft tissue sarcoma and lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the clinical role of $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA in the diagnosis of head and neck cancers. We has evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of planar and SPECT imaging using $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA. Patients and Method : Sixty-eight patients with head and neck mass were included in this study. All subjects were diagnosed by biopsy or surgery. Planar and SPECT images were obtained at 2 or 3 hour after intravenous injection of 740 MBq(20 mCi) $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA. Seventeen patients also underwent SPECT in aging using dual head camera. Result : The diagnostic sensitivity of $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA planar and SPECT imaging was 65% and 90%, and specificity was 80% and 66%, respectively. The sensitivity of planar imaging in squamous cell carcinoma was similar to overall sensitivity Six metastatic lesion were first diagnosed by scintigraphy. But benign lesions such as Kikuchi syndrome, tuberculous lymphadenitis also revealed increased uptake. Conclusion : $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA imaging seems to be a promising method in the evaluation of patients with head and neck mass. We recommend SPECT imaging to delineate anatomic localization of the lesion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.130-133
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• 2002

As a society advances, an aging phenomenon and many diseases which did not exist in old times are happening. Especially, in case of the aged patient, because we cant know the time the condition of the patients health become worse, the study of the Tele-information system has been actively carried out by the necessity of a persistent observation. A ECG signal a kind of a vital signals has been widely used to the medical information system as an usual clinical diagnosis for the patients who possess heart diseases. BlueTooth is a close range wireless communication technology which uses a wireless frequency 2.4GHz and has a high trust and self - error correction technology according to a low power consumption quality and a high-speed frequency hopping. This makes get a high trust concerning a data transmission than an existing modem. In addition, though wireless modem is restricted by a minimal of a wireless terminal, It will be possible to coincide with the function of the portable with the low power consumption quality by using Bluetooth. And as the system on a chip of module progresses, the possibility of the small size is present According to this, Bluetooth module transmits the medical information, which is input from the outside among the operations that use the Bluetooth to the Bluetooth module that is connected the host PC. And the system that the host PC transmits the medical information from the connected Bluetooth module to the Internet has once embedded. this study let the host PC embedded in advance of the existing system and transmit the medical information by the addition of the Tcp/Ip protocol stark under all embedded environments to internet.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.343-355
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• 2021

Agricultural reservoirs seek human convenience by supplying agricultural water and providing flood damage effects and rest areas at the same time, but preventing them from aging reservoirs and earthquakes is important. The safety of levees is influenced by field material properties such as soil parameter values of the granular materials that make up the levees, but since precision safety diagnosis or general literature values are diverted, the final safety factors are limited to material properties alone. Since safety factors are determined by physical characteristic values and embankment shapes and have a significant impact on safety factors, accurate contemplation is required when examining reinforced cross sections. Therefore, this study analyzed the case of reasonable and economical reinforcement intersections when designing '◯◯reservoir' in Goheung-geun, Jeollanam-do using the GEP-SLOPE program to enable rational economic design of reinforcement intersections through repeated reviews. As a result of reducing and analyzing the first, second, and third seismic reinforcement of the levees, it was confirmed that the safety ratio was secured even with a significantly smaller amount of reinforcement than the first, second, and lower slopes by obtaining design standards of 1.20. In addition, when determining all seismic reinforcement cross-sectional shapes, it was confirmed that the shape that reinforces only the lower side rather than the upper side of the slope and the entire slope was economical with minimized cross-sectional reinforcement.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2021

Concrete structures are damaged by aging and external environmental factors. This type of damage is to appear in the form of cracks, to proceed in the form of spalling. Such concrete damage can act as the main cause of reducing the original design bearing capacity of the structure, and negatively affect the stability of the structure. If such damage continues, it may lead to a safety accident in the future, thus proper repair and reinforcement are required. To this end, an accurate and objective condition inspection of the structure must be performed, and for this inspection, a sensor technology capable of detecting damage area is required. For this reason, we propose a deep learning-based image processing algorithm that can detect spalling. To develop this, 298 spalling images were obtained, of which 253 images were used for training, and the remaining 45 images were used for testing. In addition, an improved loss function and data augmentation technique were applied to improve the detection performance. As a result, the detection performance of concrete spalling showed a mean intersection over union of 80.19%. In conclusion, we developed an algorithm to detect concrete spalling through a deep learning-based image processing technique, with an improved loss function and data augmentation technique. This technology is expected to be utilized for accurate inspection and diagnosis of structures in the future.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.301-308
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• 2021

It is important to develop a digital SOC (Social Overhead Capital) maintenance system for preemptive maintenance in response to the rapid aging of social infrastructures. Abnormal signals induced from structures can be detected quickly and optimal decisions can be made promptly using IoT sensors deployed on the structures. In this study, a digital SOC monitoring system incorporating a multimetric IoT sensor was developed for long-term monitoring, for use in cloud-computing server for automated and powerful data analysis, and for establishing databases to perform : (1) multimetric sensing, (2) long-term operation, and (3) LTE-based direct communication. The developed sensor had three axes of acceleration, and five axes of strain sensing channels for multimetric sensing, and had an event-driven power management system that activated the sensors only when vibration exceeded a predetermined limit, or the timer was triggered. The power management system could reduce power consumption, and an additional solar panel charging could enable long-term operation. Data from the sensors were transmitted to the server in real-time via low-power LTE-CAT M1 communication, which does not require an additional gateway device. Furthermore, the cloud server was developed to receive multi-variable data from the sensor, and perform a displacement fusion algorithm to obtain reference-free structural displacement for ambient structural assessment. The proposed digital SOC system was experimentally validated on a steel railroad and concrete girder bridge.