• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.808-815
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• 2017

Purpose. To analyze the refractive status between urban and rural regions, of children in Korea, in the age group of 13. Methods. From October 2016 to January 2017, forty subjects( 20 male subjects, 20 female subjects; 13 years) were performed in refraction test using the Auto-Refraction. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were defined as spherical equivalent(SE)${\leq}-0.50$ diopters, SE ${\geq}+1.00D$, cylinder error ${\geq}0.75D$ and SE difference${\geq}1.00D$ between binocular eyes, respectively. Results. The refractive error by spherical equivalent among all subjects was myopia 76.25%, astigmatism 35%, emmetropia 16.25%, anisometropia 8.75%, and hyperopia 5%. The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism were much more common in urban than rural region although the difference was not statically significant. Emmetropia and astigmatism were much more common in rural region than urban although the difference was not statically significant. The prevalence of spherical equivalent was much common from -1.00 diopter to -4.00 diopter. On the other hand, the prevalence of myopia was much more than hyperopia. There was a statistical significance between OD and OS of rural region in the spherical equivalent power(p<.000). Also, There was a statistical significance between OD and OS of urban region in the spherical equivalent power(p<.004). Therefore, there was a significant statistical similarity between urban and rural regions on the OD and OS in the spherical equivalent power. On the other hand, There was a significant statistical similarity between urban and rural regions of the OD and OS in the astigmatism power(p<0.000). However, in the rural and urban regions there was not statistical significance in the OD and OS concerning the spherical equivalent power and astigmatism power (p>0.1). Conclusions. Myopia was the most common refractive error in Korea young children. while hyperopia was few. There was not a statistical significance as age between rural and urban at spherical equivalent power( P> 0.01). These results suggested that the analysis of the refractive status at young children can give the useful diagnosis data for the correction of visual acuity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Objection : A medicine which is patient-initiative and preventive is required in Korea, which is going to an aging society. On this, we started this study to make a new rule to diagnose and treat more definitely by linking traditional Oriental medicine to Sasang Constitional medicine, which thought to be suitable because of Sasang Constitional medicine has been valued on staying, diet and human's nature which means preventive medical propensity. Methods : On this study, we discriminated Sasang Constition of 161 students, who is in college of oriental medicine, Wonkwang university, by using QSCCII program; and in those students, we checked 30 volunteers's five vicera's Back-su point on riging and depression, tenderness reaction, and color reaction after cupping treatment. Results : As a result of study of riging and depression of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that defecient organ's Back-su point were more depressed than excess organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in, Soyang-in. As a result of study of tenderness reaction of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that excess organ's Back-su point showed stronger tenderness reaction than defecient organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in; and excess organ's Back-su point showed weaker tenderness reaction than defecient organ in Soyang-in. As a result of study of color reaction after cupping treatment of five vicera's Back-su point, we could confirm that excess organ's Back-su point showed stronger color reaction than defecient organ in Seum-in, Taeeum-in; and excess organ's Back-su point showed weaker color reaction than defecient organ in Soyang-in. Those data suggest that there are close correlation between Sasang Constition and on riging and depression, tenderness reaction, and color reaction after cupping treatment of five vicera's Back-su point in treditional Oriental medicine. Conclusions : From this study, we can make a new rule to differentiate Sasang Constition by clearfy a relation between Sasang Constition and five vicera's Back-su point; and with this rule, we could contribute to popularization and objectification of Sasang Constition medicine and further more, Oriental medicine by making a Sasang Constition diagnosis instrument. With this, a trait of Sasang Constition medicine that is preventive and valued on character of individuals will contribute to building a patient-initiative and preventive medical system and will expend the domain of Oriental medicine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1996

Bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare clinical entity whether congenital or acquired in adult. We experinced 8 cases of bronchoesophageal fistula and performed surgical correction from 1991 to 1994. Of the 8 patients, 5 patients were male and three were female aging from 21 to 61 years(mean 44.12$\pm$14.62 years). Seven of 8 patients had congenital bronchesophageal fistula and the other one had acquired bronchoesophageal fistula. According to the classification of Braimbridge and Keith, 4 cases were belonged to type I and 3 cases were type II . The diagnosis was confirmed by esophagogram in six patients, by bronchoscopy and bronchogram in two patients, and in one patient, the fistula was discovered i cidentally during operation. All patients received astulectomy and concomitant procedures were applied as follows ; 4 diverticulectomy, 4 right lower lobectomy, 1 bilobectomy, 1 left lower lobectomy and 1 wedge resection of left lower lobe. All but one patient were discharged without any complication and have been in good condition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hemoglobin (Hb) on bone mineral density (BMD) in university students by performing a quantitative analysis. The subjects included healthy university students aged 20 to 30 years. Although osteoporosis has traditionally been considered as a disease of aging women, it is becoming an increasingly concerning male health problem. Diagnosis of osteoporosis is calculated with a quantitative assessment of BMD. Laboratory blood and urine tests are mainly used with low BMD or fragility fractures to identify any possible causes of bone metabolism disorders. In this study, there was no difference in BMD according to gender. The average red blood cell (RBC), Hb, and Hematocrit (HCT) were significantly higher in males (p<0.01). The correlation between lumbar spine, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) was statistically significant (p<0.01). Hb showed a 51.7% statistical influence on BMD by multiple regression analysis. These findings are useful to understand the relationship between BMD and Hb; lower Hb level is associated with lower BMD. The Hb level was the strongest predictor of abnormal BMD. In conclusion, this study showed that a low Hb value was significantly correlated with low bone mass, suggesting that a low Hb value is a risk factor for changes in bone turnover that leads to a decrease bone density.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-71
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• 1999

There has been a dramatic increase in public awareness regarding dementia during recent years. However, dementia remains a family affair and patients do not receive adequate care in Korea. This study aims to assist patients and their caregivers by establishing Home and Community based Long-Term Care in a city. The data collected for analysis include five main categories: dementia prevalence, limitations of daily activities of patients, burden of caregivers, the services that patient's family want to utilize, the resources that handle dementia in the community. Major findings can be summarized as follows: 1)The prevalence rate of dementia for elderly people is 13.1 per 100 persons. Alzheimer's disease amount to 38.9% of dementia patients and vascular dementia account for 36.7% of them 2)Eight out of ten patients have mild dementia. Almost all patients have normal ADL. IADL, however, shows different picture. In every items of IADL, about 60% of patients reveals some limitations. 3)The proportion of patients who had medical diagnosis is as low as 20%. Families of patients think dementia as normal aging process and medical doctors in the community do not give special concern to dementia patients. 4)Caregivers does not have proper social support. They suffer from long care time, experience large obstacles in respect of health, daily living, and social activity. 5)Health center and Community welfare center have launched some programs-consultation, home-visiting nursing, day care center, voluntary force mobilization and so on-for dementia patients. But they do not perform expected roles and functions because of lack of skilled personnels and inadequate coordination of relevant organizations for dementia care. 6)Families of dementia patients prefer home helper and home-visiting nurse to hospitalization. For the future, however, demand for institution-based long-term services will increase. We develope community dementia care model based on above findings as follows: 1)Health center execute community cardiovascular control program for the prevention of vascular dementia. 2)Refer to epidemiologic characteristics of patients and preference of family, the most urgent task for dementia care in this city is to expand and organize Home and Community based Long-Term Care. 3)For the continuous and comprehensive care, care plan for a patient must be prepared. Case management team should be builded to prepare this plan and coordinate relevant resources. 4)Special long-term care unit for dementia will be needed in a near future. This unit should have multiple functions, such as day-care center, short stay facility, training center for relevant personnels, besides long-term nursing home considering effective care of dementia and efficient operation of the facility. 5)Voluntary workers deserve their due efforts. Incentive mechanisms must be developed to activate voluntary activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4086-4092
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• 2013

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV-absorbing substances, and diverse marine organisms have the evolved the capacity to diminished the direct and indirect damaging effects of environmental ultraviolet radiation by synthesis and accumulation of MAAs. In this study, we manufactured a radiofrequency (RF) generation device and applied to microalgal culture. $0.35{\pm}0.05$ mHz of RF was supplied to culture vessel for Chlamydomonas sp. and samples were harvested at the designated time intervals (1, 0.5, 1 and 2 hr). MAAs biosynthetic genes, dehydroquinate synthase homolog (DHQS-like) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase homolog (NRPS-like), were cloned from Chlamydomonas sp. and their gene expressions under the RF exposure were analyzed using qRT-PCR. DHQS-like and NRPS-like gene expressions of Chlamydomonas sp. exposed to RF were increased 1.46 and 1.19 fold at 1 hr, respectively. These results means that DHQS-like and NRPS-like genes can be good biomarker candidates for diagnosis of MAAs biosynthesis in the Chlamydomonas sp.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2004

This study was to evaluate and compare differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity of normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Normal occlusion (172 girls) and skeletal Class III malocclusion(191 girls) were classified according to diagnosis stone model and lateral cephalogram of Korean girls aging from 8 to 12 years. The concavity of inferior border, vertico-horizontal ratio of cervical vertebrae were observed and measured according to age. Differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. The concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae of normal occlusion and skeletal Class III had uniformly increased with age. 2. The vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae of girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class III had uniformly increased with age. 3. There was no significant difference in cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion in the concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae and in the vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae. The results in the study indicate that there is no significant difference of cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2014

This study assessed the risk and prevalence of anorexia as well as associated factors among home-dwelling elderly adults. The subjects were 419 elderly men (116) and women (303) aged 65 years and older ($76{\pm}5.6yr$) living in Korea. Data were collected by personal interviews using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. The prevalence of anorexia was 35.1% among participants. Male elders (74.1%) had higher proportions of anorexia than female elders (20.1%) (P<0.001). Significant differences in the appetite were observed according to type of disease, depression, and activities of daily living (ADL) index. In the poor appetite group, central nervous system diseases were the primary illness in male elders (P<0.01), whereas endocrine diseases were the primary illness in female elders (P<0.01). Elders with good appetites had less symptoms of depression (P<0.001) and greater independence in ADL (P<0.001). These results explored the high prevalence of anorexia in geriatric populations in Korea and its impact on elderly nutritional status and health. Further research should be performed to identify the causes of anorexia and establish an intervention protocol allowing the early diagnosis of anorexia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate incidence rates of complications in response to the introduction of quality evaluation of the DRG(diagnosis related group) payments, focusing on an increasing number of patients with lens surgery as the population aging increases.Fourthly, there were three dependent variables ('vitreous prolapse', 'IOP elevations', and 'other complications') in this study, and therefore multivariate logistic regression was performed. The result of the analysis indicates that as the number of hospitalized days increased, vitreous prolapse decreased to 0.27 times(95% CI 0.08~1.00) and IOP elevation decreased by 0.14 times(95% CI 0.03~1.59), compared to other complications, and this was statistically significant. From the above results, this study is meaningful in that it has compared the evaluation results of the appropriateness of DRG payment and the medical quality for lens surgery complications patients, in response to the introduction of quality evaluation by DRG payment.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-214
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• 2012

There are two opinions on the legal characteristics of damages for non-pecuniary loss, a private sanctions theory and complementary function of damages for non-pecuniary loss, briefly. There is a close connection between the legal characteristics and the function of damages for non-pecuniary loss. The functions of damages for non-pecuniary loss are consist of satisfaction, prevention( sanctions) and complementation. Several cases of medical injury relief reported to Korea Comsumer Agency are categorized as follows, 1) cases of death after having an operation, 2) diagnosed with disability after a medical accident, 3) extended damages happening related to delayed diagnosis, 4) et cetera(a plastic surgery, a treatment with oriental medicine), and the damages for non-pecuniary loss in respect to each cases are examined. In the case of occurring death or disability, Korea Comsumer Agency has set up guidelines for assessment of damages for non-pecuniary loss by classifying into major and collateral violation for a duty of care. Furthermore, the damages for non-pecuniary loss in the case of all sorts of cancers, are assessed in accordance with the degree of responsibility subsequent to dividing cancer into good and poor prognosis. When it comes to a complementary function of damages for non-pecuniary loss in the actual work, it is hard to assess the damages as it is difficult to objectify non-pecuniary loss, such as emotional distress. Though compensation for damages is major legal characteristics of consolation money, preventing a damage(private sanctions) through consolation for a victim or sanctions against an assailant also has great significance. Therefore, it is necessary to approach flexibly for mutual agreement by considering specialty( concrete facts) of individual issue thoroughly. If considering this aging society that limits the possible age for work to 60 years old, it is needed to have a complementary function of consolation money in mind not to make it less meaningful for victims due to small sum of consolation money.