• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-97
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• 2001

Korea has become an aged society according to the UN specifications. The number of the aged population will increase drastically, and the number of single aged people will also increase. Products used in our daily life are manufactured within the normal capabilities of people. Thus, aged people have encountering problems in using them. Numerous products are used in our daily lives. The purpose of this study is to find the acceptable torque for aged people to open the caps of processed food containers. Depending on the size and shape of the opening hand, hand operation has been classified into three categories. A total of one hundred and nine people participated in this study. Fifty nine people in the 20-30 year old range and fifty people in their 60-70's. Results of the study are as follows: 1) For all categories the acceptable cap torque data for the aged people are established. To satisfy 95% of the aged people, it was found that $74N{\cdot}cm$ for type A caps, and $141N{\cdot}cm$ for B type caps. and $214N{\cdot}cm$ for type C were the acceptable torque levels. 2) The appropriate level of torque for opening the cap was found to be 70% of the maximum torque for the aged people.(71.4% for type A. 71.4% for type B. 72.2% for type C). 3) Capabilities of the 70's drops sharply in function related to opening cap (maximum torque, gripping force, and wrist movement range). 4) Among aged subjects, 65.0% for type A, 42.0% for type B, and 68.8% for type C, had difficulties in opening the container caps.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

Changes in the population structure caused by a decrease in the birthrate and an extension of life expectancy cause problems in utilization inefficiencies of closed schools and shortage welfare facilities for the aged. The closed schools have location characteristics that are close to the existing residence and facilities such as land and school buildings, so it is expected that the schools will be used as welfare facilities for the aged in the community. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the facility characteristics of closed schools in northern Gyeonggi-Do and present the types of aged welfare facilities that can be built, providing basic data for developing customized aged welfare facilities. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The proportion of aged people in northern Gyeonggi-Do is higher than in southern Gyeonggi-Do, but welfare facilities for the aged are insufficient, so it is necessary to expand welfare facilities for the aged in northern Gyeonggi-Do. 2) Urban areas such as Paju and Goyang City have a lot of residential proximity, Dongducheon and Yangju have a lot of residential proximity, while schools located in urban and rural areas such as Yeoncheon have a lot of residential proximity. 3) Closed schools in urban areas such as Goyang City and Paju City are desirable to use them as residential facilities for senior citizens, day and night protection and short-term protection facilities, while closed schools in Namyangju City, Pocheon City, and Gapyeong County are desirable to use them as senior citizen centers and medical welfare facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.474-481
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• 2019

Korea entered the aged society in 2018 with the elderly population accounting for 14.4% of the total population, and it is expected to enter the super-aged society in 2026. In particular, it is predicted that by 2050, the elderly population will be 38% of the total population, making it one of the countries with the highest number of elderly people in the world. The increase in the elderly population is naturally leading to an increase in the number of traffic accidents among elderly drivers, in 2017, there were 26,713 elderly driver accidents over 65 years of age, with 848 people dying and 38,627 injured. Compared with 2011, the number of accidents and injuries has doubled and the number of deaths has increased 1.4 times. This study determined that the main factors of the increase in traffic accidents were the characteristics of elderly drivers, such as a decrease in visual/hearing ability, cognitive and information processing ability, and muscle strength. Therefore, it raised the necessity of autonomous vehicle(level 2) for elderly driver who can minimize the burden of driving and aimed to study the function of autonomous vehicle for elderly driver who is not familiar with new technology. Based on this, four functions of autonomous vehicles for elderly drivers were derived, such as providing clear information according to the road environment, considering physical characteristics of drivers, simplifying interface, and reinforcing in-vehicle safety devices.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2024

In 2017, the United Nations reported that the population aged 60 and above was increasing more rapidly than all younger age groups worldwide, projecting that by 2050, the population aged 60 and above would constitute at least 25% of the global population, excluding Africa. The world is experiencing a decline in the rate of increase in the working-age population due to global aging, and the younger generation tends to avoid difficult and challenging occupations. Although theoretically, AI equipped with artificial intelligence can replace humans in all fields, in the realm of practical information security, human judgment and expertise are absolutely essential, especially in ethical considerations. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to retrain and reintegrate IT professionals aged 50 and above who are retiring or seeking career transitions, aiming to bring them back into the industry. For this research, surveys were conducted with 21 government/public agencies representing demand and 9 security monitoring companies representing supply. Survey results indicated that both demand (90%) and supply (78%) unanimously agreed on the absolute necessity of such measures. If the results of this research are applied in the field, it could lead to the strategic development of senior information security professionals, laying the foundation for a new market in the Korean information security industry amid the era of low birth rates and longevity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.39-49
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• 2015

This study was to evaluate the growth and spatial distribution characteristics of Rhus javanica population. The study was conducted between 2015 January and July at the cut-slope revegetation site in Dae-Ji Mountain. Seeds of native species were sowed on the disturbed cut-slope in 2002. There were 119 vascular plant species 55 families and 94 genera on the cut-slope. Compositae, Rosaceae, and Leguminosae plants were dominant species, which are pioneer species in dry and barren site. Canopy of trees covered 44.1% total area, which was 8.3% increase from 2008. Rhus javanica, main species, dominated all DBH classes except DBH >24cm. Albizzia julibrissin showed high frequency in the 6~17cm DBH class and Salix koreensis was abundant at >12cm. Elaeagnus umbellata, Corylus heterophylla var. heterophylla, Alnus sibirica, and Acer pictum were not observed. Rhus javanica population was the most frequently observed on the south facing cut-slope. The average DBH of Rhus javanica was $7.3({\pm}3.7)cm$ and the average height of them was $5.2({\pm}1.7)m$. Annual average DBH growth was 7.9mm/yr and the maximum growth(12.0mm/yr) was the $3^{rd}$ year. It decreased after $6^{th}$ years. Although Rhus javanica population in the Dae-Ji Mountain was a seed originated plantation, the forest had reverse J shape diameter frequency distribution. It indicated that the forest is uneven-aged forest. The Rhus javanica population was expected to sustain.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2012

Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency altered the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older Koreans. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV 2008-2009 was used to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of CVD in a representative population-based sample of 5,559 men and women aged ${\geq}50$ years. CVD was defined as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The prevalence of CVD (7.0%) in the older Korean population was lower than that in the older US population, although average serum 25(OH)D levels were much lower in the Korean population. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly between the CVD and non-CVD groups. However, subjects in the lowest category (< 25 nmol/l) of serum 25(OH)D level had the greatest prevalence of CVD, about two-fold higher than subjects in the highest category (> 75 nmol/l), after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education level, residence location, and region. The prevalence of other risk factors for CVD, including higher waist circumference, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, was also higher among subjects in the lowest category than among those in the highest category. In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D may be an independent risk factor for CVD in older Koreans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1919-1923
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• 2013

Background: Smoking is known as a major risk factor for different types of cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among the population aged 40-64 years in the city of Shahroud which is a representative urban population in Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study with stratified random cluster sampling was conducted in 2009 as the first phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Of 6,311 people, 5,190 participated (82.2%). Information about smoking habit was obtained by face-to-face interview. Results: The overall prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 11.3% (95%CI: 10.5-12.3). It was significantly higher among males than females (25.7% and 0.71%, P<0.001). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 10.8% and 1.75% were past smokers. The smoking rate of water-pipe was 0.67%. Unemployed people smoked more than employed (OR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.38-5.14). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking is low in Shahroud compared with other parts of Iran and other countries. Age, sex, job and marital status were associated with smoking. The low smoking rate among women may be attributed to cultural and social reasons.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.510-531
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• 2009

This paper aims to explain the changes of social spatiality in rural areas as seen on a sloping scale in reference of population structure and utilization of territorial assets. Guessing from the population characteristics of rural communities and farming activities in Hwangsan village of Uichon-Myeon, Geochang-Gun and Hanam village of Chogye-Myeon, Hapchon-Gun, it will become a society characterized by super-aged intensification and large-scale crop cultivation. Deokgok-Myeon and Yulji village of Hapchon-Gun are required to intake outside residents. They have to understand the complementary cooperation and become conscious of the relationship between existing residents and relocated people in Yudong village of Yokji-Myeon, Tonyoung-Si. Due to a decreasing population and the phenomena of the 'super-aged', the efforts to revive the spatial function as a living and working space while utilizing territorial assets could be challenged in these case study regions.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.192-203
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to investigate the distribution of natural tooth shades in the Korean elderly population to quantify the correlation and changes of tooth color with age and gender. In addition, the possible effects of habits on tooth color were assessed. Materials and Methods: The tooth color of one of the maxillary central incisors of 200 Korean individuals aged 50 to 89 years, males and female, was measured using the portable intraoral spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). CIELab and CIELCh color coordinates were recorded. We conducted the survey about the tobacco smoking, chronic disease, medication, eating habits, oral health behaviors and satisfaction with tooth color. Experimental data were statistically analyzed by using the t-test (P<0.05), two-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test. Result: The most frequent color in the Korean elderly population was 3M3 & A3.5 shade. L^* and h^* values decreased, whereas C^*, a^* and b^* values increased progressively with age. There was a significant interaction between age and color coordinates for b^* values (r=0.245, P<0.05). Males generally have significantly higher C^*, a^*, b^* values and lower L^*, h^* value compared to females. Individuals who consumed alcohol had a higher L^* value (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the central incisors were getting darker, more reddish, and yellowish with age. Information on the chromatic range of natural teeth by age and gender could help to select colors for esthetic dental restorations.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Purpose: The study addressed the adaption of middle- aged Korean women to menopause, including the use of Yangsaeng, a traditional health care regimen that incorporates specific principles and methods to promote health and prevent illness, with the aim of improving health and longevity of life. Methods: Middle-aged women (40~59 years, n=171) residing in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi Province. Data was collected by using a self-reported questionnaire. Menopausal period adaptation was measured by 29 items in four categories (physical, self-concept, role function, and inter-dependent). Yangsaeng was measured by 31 questionnaire items in eight categories (morality, mind, diet, activity and rest, exercise, sleep, seasonal, and sexuality). Results: Significant differences in menopausal adaptation were evident on the basis of participant education and income. There were significant differences in Yangsaeng in terms of participant education, nature of employment, and income. Menopausal adaptation positively correlated to use of Yangsaeng. Physical adaptation, self-concept adaptation, role function adaptation, and inter-dependent adaptation positively correlated to morality Yangsaeng, mind Yangsaeng, and activity and rest Yangsaeng. Conclusion: Middle-aged Korean women who practice Yangsaeng may be better positioned to adapt to menopause. Yangsaeng may be an advantageous nursing intervention in this population.