• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors and frailty level in the frail elderly receiving home visiting health care services. Methods: The subjects were 177 frail elders aged over 65 registered in the home visiting health care services of three public health centers in Daegu. The data collection was performed from June 9 to June 24, 2015. This study used descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, scheffe test and stepwise multiple regression by SPSS Win 18.0 program. Results: The mean of the frailty score was 10.05 (${\pm}4.52$). Age and life satisfaction were the significant factors related to the frailty score in frail elderly. Health promotion behavior, empowerment, social participation and perceived health status had a negative correlation with the frailty score. Thirty seven point four percent of the variance in the frailty score can be explained by perceived health status (${\beta}=-0.398$, p<0.001), health promotion behavior (${\beta}=-0.251$, p<0.001) and age (${\beta}=0.232$, p<0.001)(Cum $R^2=0.374$, F=25.744, p<0.001). Perceived health status was the most important factor related to the frailty score in our study. Conclusions: An integrative care program which includes these significant variables of subjects is essential to prevent the deterioration of frailty in frail elderly.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.299-318
• /
• 1995

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of the Worker's knowledge and attitude about health management. And to offer the basic materials for the health promotion in industrial field. The objects were comprised 336 of volunteered who work in E.shoemaking factory. The material of this study was the questionair (chronbach a=.8871) suited to the purposed of this research which has been made through studying references. All the guestionaire were collected inmediately without explanation. The data collected from 18th September to 1st Octover. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SAS program for percentage, mean, ANDVA. The result are as follows: 1. General features of the objects of study. Male was highest (58.6%), mean age was 30.07 years, graduated high school was highest(59.2%), producer in present place of employment was highest (76.2%), mean career was 7.45 years. 2. The conditions of attitude about health man agement. Correct answer of health examination was 77.8%. Having experience of health examination was 69.5%, among them have regularity was 70.9%. Think it too much trouble to do not health examination was 69.7%. Have got to do health examination was 95.6%. The reason of set up health clinic was emergency care 58.9%, health education 22.1%. Using health clinic was 70.4%, by monthly was 53.0%. The reason of think it too much trouble to use not health clinic was 65.2% The need of health clinic was 96.4% 3. The conditions of knowledge about health management. When 5 points was given to 'very affirming' and 1 point was given to 'very deny', the total average was 3.67, the range was 2.96-4.54. Exactly, company must given to employee put in operative health examination was highest, worked 34 hours per week on harmful worked place was lowest. And knowing about kind of harmful work was 2.86, dangerous work was 2.90. 4. Correlation between the general features and attitude variables. Female group may have more knowledge on reason of health examination. Over 50 years aged group, middle school graduated group, white colored group, less then 1 year career group may have more knowledge on health examination. White colored group may have more attitude on health examination$(\chi^2=5.210,\;P<.07)$. High careered group may have more using on health clinic $(\chi^2=12.08,\;P<.007)$. 5. Difference between the general features and knowledge of health management. High educated group were highest score in knowledge (F=5.214, P<.002). White colored group were highest score in knowledge (F=23.019, P<.000). 6. Difference between the attitude and knowledge of health management. Needing of health examination group were highest score in knowledge. (t=2.54, P<.011). Using of health clinic group were highest score in knowledge(t=190, P<.048). Needing of health clinic group were highest score in knowledge(t=5.13, P<.000).

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.689-701
• /
• 2012

The purposes of this study were to identify the changes of postprandial blood pressure and pulse rates of elderly living in nursing homes by time and position after a meal. Blood pressure and pulse rates of 141 elderly aged over 65 years were measured at before the meal to 90 minutes after the meal by 15 min. interval. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, repeated measures of ANOVA, ANCOVA, and t-test using the SPSS program. There were no significant differences in change of systolic blood pressure and pulse rates by time between sitting group and lying group after meal. The biggest drops in systolic pressure in sitting and lying position were occurred at 30 min and 45min respectively after the meal. There were no significant change in pulse rates except for the immediately after meal in lying position. To prevent complications of postprandial blood pressure reduction, nurses should carefully monitor blood pressure of elderly in lying position at least from 30 min. till to 90 min. after the meal.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2008

Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2016

The study was performed to examine the metabolic syndrome risk factors in accordance with the obesity types based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference cutoffs. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome closely adhered to the NCEP-ATP III criteria, and obesity was defined using the WHO Asian-Pacific criteria. We used the data from 591 elderly women, all aged over 65 years. They were divided into four groups: The normal group (n=272), the obesity group (n=124), abdominal obesity group (n=19), and obesity-abdominal obesity group (n=176). The obesity-abdominal obesity group was the most prevalent group of low HDL-cholesterol (p=0.009), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.025), abdominal obesity (p<0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the obesity-abdominal obesity group had the highest odds ratio in predicting metabolic syndrome (OR: 10.638, 95% CI: 6.053~18.697). Therefore, the obesity-abdominal obesity group was the strongest predictive factor of metabolic syndrome risk in Korean elderly women.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.1095-1106
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a Abdominal Obesity Elderly(AOE) Health Status Scale to assess self rated health level. The subjects of this study were total 255(pretest 56, test 199) elderly over 65year. The data were collected between June to August, 2009. The method of this study as follow: items generation, test of validity and reliability, 5 panels of experts reviewed the preliminary questionnaire and then data were collected from elderly. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, mean, standard deviation were analyzed the data by SPSS-Win 12.0 program. Results of factor analysis, 5 factors with a total of 16 items extracted that were Social level(Social participation 6 items, Physical Activity 2 items), Physical level(Disease Perception 4 items, Physical Index 2 items), Psychological level(Emotional Support 2 items). The reliability of the AOE health status scale was .868(Conbach's α). In the factor analysis Conbach's α correlations for the 5 factors ranged from .806 to .577. Therefore, Content validity, construct validity, reliability of the AOE health status scale were established. The AOE health status scale is a reliable and valid instrument which abdominal obesity elderly health status can be assessed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.347-357
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated bone mineral density and nutritional state according to consumption of milk in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee. Methods: Using the 2008~2009 Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey data, a total of 1,373 postmenopausal females aged 50 yrs and over were analyzed after excluding those with diseases related to bone health. According to coffee and/or milk consumption, subjects were divided into four groups: coffee only, both coffee & milk, milk only, and none of the above. All data were processed after application of weighted values and adjustment of age, body mass index, physical activity, drinking, and smoking using a general linear model. For analysis of nutrient intake and bone density, data were additionally adjusted by total energy and calcium intake. Results: The coffee & milk group had more subjects younger than 65 yrs and higher education, urban residents, and higher income than any other group. The coffee only group showed somewhat similar characteristics as the none of the above group, which showed the highest percentage of subjects older than 65 and in a lower education and socio-economic state. Body weight, height, body mass index, and lean mass were the highest in coffee & milk group and lowest in the none of the above group. On the other hand, the milk only group showed the lowest values for body mass index and waist circumference, whereas percent body fat did not show any difference among the groups. The coffee and milk group showed the highest bone mineral density in the total femur and lumbar spine as well as the highest nutritional state and most food group intakes, followed by the milk only group, coffee only group, and none of the above group. In the assessment of osteoporosis based on T-score of bone mineral density, although not significant, the coffee and milk group and milk only group, which showed a better nutritional state, included more subjects with a normal bone density, whereas the none of the above group included more subjects with osteoporosis than any other group. Conclusion: Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women might not be affected by coffee drinking if their diets are accompanied by balanced food and nutrient intake including milk.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the frequency, amount and consumption patterns of 50 potentially hazardous foods (PHF) along with consumers' risk perceptions towards PHF in Korea. A quantitative survey was performed from May through August by trained interviewers, surveying 1,000 adults aged over 18 who were randomly selected from six major provinces in Korea. Consumers perceived seafood, including shellfish, mussel, sashimi and sushi, as the top foods with the highest risk, followed by raw sliced beef. The food with the highest frequency intake per month was leafy vegetables, which is used to wrap other foods, followed by blanched vegetables, fried chicken, etc. The group of middle aged individuals with economic stability had the highest frequency intake of sashimi and sushi. Respondents living in small regions consume greater PHF portions at once. Food safety education with regard to the risk of PHF is essential for consumers, with high frequent intake of PHF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.537-550
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to identify behavioral characteristics of salty food intake according to saline sensitivity of adults living in a rural area. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured and salt intake-related dietary behavior was surveyed by questionnaires through interviews with 402 subjects aged ${\geq}$ 40 years in Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea. The percentages of overweight and obese among the subjects were 37.8% and 3.8% respectively. Mean blood pressure of the subjects was in the normal range, but the distribution of subjects who were normotensive, high normal, and hypertensive was 48.7%, 17.7%, and 33.6% respectively. Approximately 27% of all subjects habitually consumed salty food, which was the smallest group, followed by 38.1% normal and 35.1% not-salty food. However, 34.6% of the eldest group of ${\geq}$ 65 years consumed salty food. The saline insensitive group showed a higher percentage of irregular meals, overeating, speed-eating, an unbalanced diet, a preference for fried food, and habitual intake of salty foods. These subjects recognized the risk for eating salty food, but they lacked the will to reduce their salty food intake. Compared to spouses and family members, experts such as doctors, nurses, and dieticians were the most influential for reducing the salty food intake of subjects. Saline sensitive group had relatively better control over salty food intake at every meal, eating out, and even when eating salty food that the spouse preferred. The saline sensitive group ate more frequently vegetables and fruits, whereas the saline insensitive group ate more frequently hot spicy foods. In conclusion, the results suggest that it is necessary to establish a social atmosphere toward reducing salt intake at the level of the government and food industry and to set action plans to be available for nutrition education programs to reduce salt intake nationwide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.1293-1299
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of the elderly residing in a silver town. A survey was conducted in April, 2005 for fifty two healthy persons (men 18, women 34) aged over 65 years living in a private silver town of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. General data were collected using questionnaires at homes of the subjects and food consumption data for 3 days were obtained by investigating the individual leftovers from the meals served at the foodservice facilities by well-trained graduate students of the Department of Food & Nutrition. Nutrient intake was calculated from food consumption data using Can Pro (version 3.0, Korea). Average daily intake of energy was 1077.6 kcal in men and 974.2 kcal in women. Average protein intake of the men and women amounted to 85.5 g and 67.7 g, respectively. The consumption of cereals contributed 45.3% of energy intake for all subjects. Only 1.1% of calcium intake was from milk and milk products. Almost 100% of the elderly did not reach 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER) in energy intake and 75% of estimated average requirement (EAR) in folic acid intake. Percentages of the subjects who consumed protein above 125% of EAR were 100% and 91% in men and women, respectively. All subjects consumed above EAR in dietary intake of protein and iron. These data suggest that nutrient intake of the elderly living in the silver town would be inadequate, and thus the efficient management of foodservice is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the elderly living in the silver town.