• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2022

Purpose : This systematic review examined evidence published 2000-2021 for occupational therapy interventions for adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (adult ADHD). Methods : In order to find out the studies on the effect occupational therapy intervention on individuals with adult ADHD, studies published from 2000 to February 2022 were searched on Google Academic Search. The keywords used were "adult ADHD" AND "Occupational therapy". A total of 785 studies were searched, and from these, 3 studies were selected based on the application of the selection and exclusion criteria. The included studies comprised of 1 Quasi-experimental design study(one group pre-post test) and 2 randomized controlled trials design studies. The included studies were analyzed in PICO(patients, intervention, comparison, outcomes). Results : As a result of analysing the subjects of the included studies, subjects diagnosed with adult ADHD or classified as high-risk group in Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale test, the number of subjects was 97, and the average age was about 33 years old. Occupational therapy intervention methods for adult ADHD include Tailored Intervention, Computerized Cognitive Training, and Cognitive-Functional Intervention. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was the most used to check the symptoms of ADHD, and the COPM was used the most to measure the effects of occupational therapy interventions. The dependent variables of occupational therapy intervention were occupational performance, quality of life, executive function (behavioral regulation, metacognition), self-regulation function, stress management, and sustained attention. The effect of the intervention was statistically significant in 78.5% of the total. Conclusion : It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for evidence-based practice for occupational therapists to apply adult ADHD interventions. In the field of occupational therapy in Korea, research on various interventions that can improve the occupational performance of adults ADHD should be conducted.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Direct communication between neighboring cells via gap junction in tissue is important for maintenance and regulation of its physiological functions. Each epididymal region has different composition of cell types. It is well recognized that the epididymis is a steroid hormone-responsive tissue. The present study was designed to determine the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide exposured at the early postnatal age on the expression of connexin (Cx) isoforms in the caudal epididymis. The EB or flutamide was subcutaneously administrated to male Spragure Dawley rat at 7 days of age, and expressional changes of Cx isoforms in the adult corpus epididymis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The treatment of low-dose EB resulted in decreases of Cx30.3, Cx31.1, Cx37, and Cx45 expression but caused an increase of Cx32 expression. Exposure to high-dose EB led into expressional increases of Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx40, and Cx43, even though a decrease of Cx37 expression was found with a high-dose EB treatment. A low-dose flutamide induced increases of Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, and Cx43 expression but a decrease of Cx37 expression. Expression of most Cx genes were significantly increased by a high-dose flutamide, while no expressional change of Cx26 and Cx40 was detected by a high-dose flutamide. These results indicate that expression of Cx isoforms in the caudal epididymis is altered by exposure to steroidal compounds at the prepubertal age. It is suggested that a contact with environmental exogenous materials during the early postnatal period would lead to alteration of epididymal functions at the adult.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.289-303
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• 2004

As needs for telecommunications services diversify, an increasingly wide range of telecommunications services is becoming available in the market. Any subscriber can find a service to satisfy his/her telecommunication requirements and competition between providers to retain heavy users is increasing. Service price reductions are one retention strategy, although price reductions for one service can affect the individual-level usage for other services. Price reductions can also be imposed on a service provider by regulation. For these reasons, understanding how price reductions affect service usage is of growing importance to the telecommunications industry for purposes of pricing and tariff development. In this paper, we develop an individual-level usage model for telecommunications services and analyze the effects on usage of a price reduction. We apply the model to age-stratified aggregate traffic data for a Korean mobile telecommunication service provider. Finally, we develop a model to support a market segmentation and price reduction strategy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2020

This paper examines the impact of gender on access to debt finance among Vietnamese enterprises. The paper investigates data and variables retrieved from the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset using five Probit models. The regression results suggest that there exist more unfavourable debt financing conditions for women-led firms (WLF), measured as a lower probability of having loan applications fully approved. Firm's age, working sector, and perception of access to finance as a difficulty are found to have explanatory power on the discrimination. More importantly, the perception of debt finance as a difficulty or firms' level of confidence significantly explains the variance of the dependent variable of probability of loan approval, or gender effect would be more pronounced if the firm already has a low level of confidence. The paper also contributes in testing for the gender effect on Vietnamese enterprises from different sectors and scale, unlike other prior research papers focusing on specific sectors and/or small and medium enterprises only. The findings are highly useful for Vietnamese credit institutions to set out a specific business policy to attract more WLFs and help promoting gender equality in the working environment, especially in debt financing, which is often neglected in existing regulation and policy frameworks.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.469-474
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to propose basic design guidelines for more effective air ventilation system in apartments. It is well known that ventilation depends on whether the room doors are open or closed as well as people's living patterns. This study considers 84 ㎡-sized apartment which has extended living room without balcony. Ventilation of bathroom and kitchen is not considered. The height of the building, external air pressure and air infiltration through the windows are also neglected. The regulation on indoor air quality made it mandatory that the air change per hour be more than 0.7. Four models are suggested to study the effect of open and closed doors. Models 1 and 3 are open door types and models 2 and 4 are closed door types. The open types have 50 mm hole near the top of the door to substitute exhaust outlet. The ventilation effectiveness was evaluated by 3-dimensional numerical simulation using finite volume method by a commercial software. This work compares air flow, temperature of air, age of air and the efficiency of ventilation of apartments with wooden doors of bedroom 1 and 2, which are open or closed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 1999

In order to ascertain the attitudes of residents to their health and the National Health Promotion Law, surveyors interviewed 1,220 subjects, 1% of men and women in Kyungsan city, who were twenty-year-old or more. The major findings are as follows: Men and women were 48.2% and 51.8%, respectively. The recognition rate of enacting and enforcing this law is 59.2% of men and 51.3% of women. With regard to the behavioral attitude to the health in the distinction of sex and age, current smokers are 31.2% of the interviewees, 61.6% of the men and 3.3% of the women. Current drinkers are 35.1%, 59.5% of the men and 12.3% of the women, but on the other hand there is little significance in the distinction of age. The acknowledgement proportion of enacting and enforcing this law is 59.2% of male and 51.3% of female. In terms of the recognition rate of the contents according to the general characteristics of interviewees, it appears that the indication of a warning expression on a packing paper of cigarette case and a liquor bottle is 92.4% and also the designation of a smoking free area in public facilities is 94.8%. Prohibition of cigarette-sale to the teenagers who are under 19, is 96.0%. Considering these facts, the recognition rate is high. On the contrary, 48.8% is accounted for encouraging a medical check-up before marriage which is in a low position. As a result of multiple behavior as a independent educational level, marital significant variables. In case of having undergone a periodic medical examination the recognition rate was high whereas frequent exercise led to the low recognition rate. Concerning the details of the undertaking in accordance with each factor of general characteristics, the greater part of them have been appraised successfully whether it is recognized or not. On the other side, no effect got answered about the result of the undertaking subjects to general and peculiar behavior attitude towards health was in effect or not. A great majority approved of more reinforcement of legal regulation about smoking and drinking regardless of whether they perceived the details of the law of promotion of National Health Promotion Law or not. Additionally there was significant difference in reinforcing legal regulation of smoking and drinking in compliance with the attitude of the substance of this law. With regard to education, public relations and evaluation about national health through public health centers by our government, the younger and the higher in education they are, the more deficient they feel. First of all, those who were aware of the enforcement of this law as well as plenty of scarcity answered that better service of disease prevention had to be expanded than ever. In consideration of the above-stated results, the education to public health and the business of public relations should be reinforced and a practical campaign for health life should also spread out for the purpose of encouraging to practise healthy life-style.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.452-462
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• 2020

이 연구는 현재 직장에 재직 중인 중년재직자들의 회복탄력성이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이 관계에서 퇴직태도의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 서울과 수도권에 근무 중인 40세 이상의 상용직 재직자를 대상으로 설문지 530부를 배포하여 490부가 회수되었고 불성실 응답, 이상치 등 연구에 부적합한 설문지 22부를 제외 한 468부를 연구표본으로 사용하였다. SPSS 19.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계, 측정도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증, 상관관계와 집단 간의 차이분석 및 가설검증을 위한 중다회귀분석과 매개효과분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 남성은 회복탄력성의 자기조절능력과 직무만족도가 여성보다 높았고, 여성은 퇴직태도의 노년휴식이 남성보다 유의미한 수준에서 높게 나타났다. 학력이 높을수록 퇴직을 새로운 출발로 높게 인식하였고, 근무기간이 길수록 회복탄력성의 자기조절능력과 직무만족도가 높았으며 가구소득이 높을수록 회복탄력성의 긍정성이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 회복탄력성의 모든 하위변인은 직무만족도에 유의미하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 회복탄력성이 높을수록 직무만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 회복탄력성은 퇴직태도의 강요된 좌절에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤고, 새로운 출발엔 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 회복탄력성이 높을수록 퇴직을 새로운 출발로 높게 인식하는 반면 강요된 좌절로는 낮은 인식을 보였다. 넷째, 퇴직태도의 강요된 좌절과 새로운 출발은 회복탄력성과 직무만족도와의 인과관계에서 유의미한 매개효과가 나타났다. 연구결과 회복탄력성의 중요성이 확인되었고, 퇴직에 대한 불안을 낮추고 직무만족도는 높여줄 수 있도록 회복탄력성을 높일 수 있는 방안이 필요하다고 본다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1022-1033
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• 2023

Objective: p66Shc, a 66 kDa protein isoform encoded by the proto-oncogene SHC, is an essential intracellular redox homeostasis regulatory enzyme that is involved in the regulation of cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis induction and the occurrence of multiple age-related diseases. This study investigated the expression profile and functional characteristics of p66Shc during preimplantation embryo development in sheep. Methods: The expression pattern of p66Shc during preimplantation embryo development in sheep at the mRNA and protein levels were studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of p66Shc knockdown on the developmental potential were evaluated by cleavage rate, morula rate and blastocyst rate. The effect of p66Shc deficiency on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA oxidative damage and the expression of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD]) were also investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Results: Our results showed that p66Shc mRNA and protein were expressed in all stages of sheep early embryos and that p66Shc mRNA was significantly downregulated in the 4-to 8-cell stage (p<0.05) and significantly upregulated in the morula and blastocyst stages after embryonic genome activation (EGA) (p<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the p66Shc protein was mainly located in the peripheral region of the blastomere cytoplasm at different stages of preimplantation embryonic development. Notably, serine (Ser36)-phosphorylated p66Shc localized only in the cytoplasm during the 2- to 8-cell stage prior to EGA, while phosphorylated (Ser36) p66Shc localized not only in the cytoplasm but also predominantly in the nucleus after EGA. RNAi-mediated silencing of p66Shc via microinjection of p66Shc siRNA into sheep zygotes resulted in significant decreases in p66Shc mRNA and protein levels (p<0.05). Knockdown of p66Shc resulted in significant declines in the levels of intracellular ROS (p<0.05) and the DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy2'-deoxyguanosine (p<0.05), markedly increased MnSOD levels (p<0.05) and resulted in a tendency to develop to the morula stage. Conclusion: These results indicate that p66Shc is involved in the metabolic regulation of ROS production and DNA oxidative damage during sheep early embryonic development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 2009

Castration of male pig produces significant negative effects on skeletal muscle development. The androgen receptor (AR), two splice variants of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I Ea and MGF) and the myostatin gene may play important roles in this process. In the present study, the expression of AR, IGF-I Ea, MGF and myostatin genes in three skeletal muscles, the brachialis, longissimus and semitendinosus, were studied using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Our experimental design used 14 pairs of male Landrace sire${\times}$Yorkshire dam piglets. The two piglets in each pair were full sibs, one of which was castrated at 21 d of age; the other remained intact. The study group was divided into subgroups of equal size. Animals in the first subgroup were slaughtered at 147 d and those of the second at 210 d of age. Carcass weight and lean meat yield were similar between boars and barrows at 147 d of age (p>0.05), whereas barrows had lower carcass weight and less lean meat yield at 210 d of age (p<0.05). Castration caused down-regulation of AR gene expression at both 147 and 210 d of age (p<0.05). The two splice variants of the IGF-I gene from porcine skeletal muscle were cloned using RT-PCR, and it was found that MGF differs from IGF-I Ea in having a 52-base insert in the last coding exon of the mRNA. Both splice variants were down-regulated by castration only at 210 d of age (p<0.05). No differences in expression of the myostatin gene were observed between boars and barrows at either 147 or 210 d of age (p>0.05). These results suggest that the downregulation of AR, IGF-I Ea and MGF gene expression following castration helps to explain the negative effect of castration on skeletal muscle development.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.241-259
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• 2019

본 연구는 노인 자원봉사활동의 성과를 성공적 노화나 생산적 노화가 아닌 노인의 자기효능감과 자기확장성의 관점에서 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 노년기에 일어날 수 있는 내적성장과 자가의 확장을 검증 할 수 있으며, 노년기 삶을 재조명하는 계기를 마련하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 검증하기 위하여 부산광역시의 시청 및 구청에서 진행하는 자원봉사활동에 참여한 노인 300명을 연구대상으로 하여, 2018년 9월부터 11월까지 약 3개월에 걸쳐 설문지를 배부하여 불성실하게 응답되었다고 판단된 34부의 설문지를 제외한 후 266부의 자료를 본 연구에 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 자원봉사활동참여 동기(가치기능, 사회기능, 이해기능)는 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자원봉사활동참여 동기(가치기능, 사회기능, 이해기능)는 자기확장성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인의 자기효능감(자기조절 효능감, 자신감)은 자기확장성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자기효능감((자기조절 효능감, 자신감)은 노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기와 자기확장성의 관계에서 매개효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 자기효능감과 자기확장성에 영향을 미친다는 관련성을 규명 하였다. 특히, 노인에게 심리사회적 개념인 자기효능감의 매개변수를 활용하여, 노인복지의연구의 새로운 관점을 제공함으로써 향후 노인의 자원봉사활동 활성화를 위한 실천적, 정책적 방안을 제시하였다는데 연구의 의의가 있다.