• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

The study of the modern age period folk house is still insufficient in the Korean folk house study. The study subject had a tendency towards mainly on the plan in the field of the traditional folk house which had been studied relatively lively. We were going to grasp the formation and the actual situation of the folk house in this paper targeting at Yeosu city where the folk houses were left relatively a lot. Specifically, we examined it how the composition and dimensions of timber framework changed according to period. The division of period from before 1910 to the 1960s classified it at 4 periods on the basis of the sociocultural change. However, as a result of investigation analysis, the change of the composition and dimensions of timber framework was classified at 3 periods not 4 periods. The division of 3 periods is "traditional era", "modern age 1", and "modern age 2" not "traditional era", "modern age", and "contemporary age". The folk house group came as a common name for folk house without doing the division of period until now. There is a meaning in that this paper subdivided the period of the folk house group by the change of the timber framework technology. The timber framework is the effective index to investigate the actual condition because the change is difficult after building. Therefore, we examined it including the dimensions as well as the composition of timber framework in this paper comprehensively and systematically.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2016

Objectives: This study, aims to examine the distribution characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials; risk assessment and area of distribution of asbestos-containing building materials depending on year of construction; building materials; types of building materials; and usage in public buildings in order to create fundamental data for safe management of public buildings. Methods: The asbestos investigation was conducted by an asbestos research institution from March to May 2014, targeting 41 public buildings which were subject to asbestos investigation in South Chungcheong-do Province. With respect to 381 presumed asbestos-containing materials, an investigation was conducted into whether they contained asbestos, asbestos type, content, year of construction, and use in the building were examined, and a risk assessment was performed. Results: Asbestos-containing building materials were used in 35 buildings(85.4%). Among them, 31(88.6%) were public buildings. Asbestos was detected in 73% of 381 suspected asbestos-containing materials, which were mostly ceiling materials (85.2%). The older the buildings, the more they showed a tendency to have a significantly higher risk assessment score. The ratio of average area with asbestos-containing building materials to total floor area was 57.6%, 44.1%, and 17.8% for buildings built in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. This showed a tendency to be significantly higher with the age of the building. Conclusions: From the results above, it can be concluded that with the age of the buildings, the risk assessment score and the ratio of average area with asbestos-containing building materials to total floor area became significantly higher. Given the concern about the exposure to asbestos of residents and civil petitioners, safety management of older public buildings and measures for dismantling and removal of asbestos-containing building materials should therefore be urgently established.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

This study reviewed the background of the advent of and the concept of age-integrated facilities where elderly persons' facilities and children's facilities have been built in the same plot or building or established adjacent to each other. And also it examined the concept, necessity, effects, and kinds of intergenerational interactions. Ten age-integrated facilities in Japan, where it is reported that intergenerational interactions are now being implemented, were selected and visited for surveys. This study implemented interviews with staff members and analyses of the drawings of the facilities to grasp the present state of age-integrated facilities and their plan types, etc. Through analyses of relationships between intergenerational interactions and the spaces in which these take place, this study discusses guidelines for space arrangement and for developing interaction space plans for age-integrated facilities that would facilitate intergenerational interactions.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.4 s.32
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• pp.71-86
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• 2002

Since Modern period which is characterized by the governing of technology and capitalism, the production and aesthetics of building became a main issue of architectural discourse. Morever, Modern architecture tends to be a kind of media in which the visual image of building plays a far more important role than building itself. Institutionalized discipline of Architecture in modern system set aside the dwelling aspect of building and destructed close relationship between dwelling and building. This study analyzes the essential meaning of dwelling with a viewpoint of building and vise virsa in order to have a deep reflection on contemporary architecture and modern crisis of dwelling. For this purpose this study first reviewed linguistic and mythical narratives on the origin of dwelling and building. Secondly, reviewed the thought of Heidegger on dwelling and building and his thinking on authenticity of dwelling. Thirdly, reviewed drastic change of idea and reality of dwelling recent days, especially from settlement to nomad. Lastly reviewed E. Levinas' thinking on bodily dwelling or primordial mode of dwelling before poetic dwelling of Heidegger. With these review we can figure out following things on dwelling and building. Physical building or its visual image can not take the place of dwelling in itself. Dwelling and Building happens simultaneously and understood as an event in life world. Today's alienation of dwelling from building reduced our conception of architecture to a physical setting and mere technique. Building must be a ontological and cultural phenomenon beyond physical building. Nomad in this age of information and globalization may be a new mode of dwelling. But it can not exclude traditional way of dwelling on concrete space, because human being as a physical being can not abandon dwelling place that gives a primordial comfort with and within our body.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.2 s.24
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

Recently, due to the increase of high-rise buildings construction, many researches for making harden of concrete earlier and remove of forms faster are being performed to reduce construction period. In this study, we compared and analysed the early strength properties of mortar according to the kinds and replacement ratio of mineral admixture to select the kinds and replacement ratio of mineral admixture of high early strength concrete. For this purpose, mortar mixtures according to the kinds(FA, MK, ZR, BFS, DM) and replacement ratio(0, 2, 4% by volume of sand) of mineral admixture were selected. From our test data, early-age compressive strength decreased in accordance with the increase of replacement ratio of fly-ash(FA) & blast furnace slag powder(BSF) and, in case of addition admixture, early-age compressive strength of with containing 4% appeared higher compared with containing 2%.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2016

Geum'yeok-dang house in Andong was originally constructed in 1558. The original floor plan of the upper base featured a 90-degree tilted '日' shape, and had inner court(內庭) on each side of 'Jungdang(中堂, center hall)' building that was placed on the south-north axis. When designing the building, the Neo-Confucian client of Geum'yeok-dang applied his understanding of how Ga'rye("家禮") defined the structure of ritual space. Consequently, 'Daecheong(大廳)', the place where guests were greeted and ancestral rites and coming of age ceremonies for male were held, was built in a protruding fashion. 'Jungdang'[otherwise known as 'Jeongchim(正寢)'], where coming of age ceremonies for females were held, the master of the house faced death, and memorials for close ancestors were held, was placed at the center of the residence on the south-north axis. The Geum'yeok-dang today was greatly renovated in the early and mid 18th century, due to the spread of 'Ondol' heating system. As the Ondol heating system became popular, the pre-existing drawbacks and the inconvenience of the house stood out clearly. As a result, the house was renovated into today's structure consisting of '口' shape 'Anchae' and 'Daecheongchae' in separate building.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2009

Rapid urbanization resulted in expansion of urban area and increase of population bringing deepened housing shortage. Supply-oriented housing policy made apartment a representative residential space in Korea in spite of the short history of apartment. This study analyzed the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the microclimate in the complex depending on the number of floors. The purpose of this study was to present the basic data in developing apartment complex to solve problems like the stagnation of pollution source and the rise of temperature due to the declined ventilation in apartment complex, and the worsened urban heat island phenomenon due to the impeded flow of wind. This study rearranged the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the tendency of the number of floors by year in the process of change, by generalizing the process of change of apartment complex, a representative modern residential space through preliminary research. Based on it, 8 object lot by age was selected and simulated by using Envi-met. Simulation identified that the change of apartment complex takes place having a positive effect on microclimate in the apartment complex and the microclimate in the apartment complex is influenced a lot by the shape of complex. If in future apartment complex plan, a systematic legal criteria of design is made about the shape and arrangement of main building, it might have a positive effect on the improvement of microclimate in the apartment complex, a representative residential space in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2014

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) consists of cement, silica fume (SF), sand, fibers, water and superplasticizer. Typical water/binder ratios are 0.15 to 0.20 with 20 to 30% silica fume. In the production of ultra-high performance concrete, a significant temperature rise at an early age can be observed because of the higher cement content per unit mass of concrete. In this paper, by considering the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the pozzolanic reaction, a numerical model is proposed to simulate the hydration of ultra-high performance concrete. The heat evolution rate of UHPC is determined from the contributions of cement hydration and the pozzolanic reaction. Furthermore, by combining a blended-cement hydration model with the finite-element method, the temperature history in the hardening of UHPC is evaluated using the degree of hydration of the cement and the silica fume. The predicted temperature-history curves were compared with experimental data, and a good correlation was found.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 2012

In this study, the potential use of indigenous natural loess(Hwangtoh) as a new construction material, via alkali activation in conjunction with microwave heating, was investigated. Hwangtoh pastes with three different mix proportions of varying alkali liquid concentrations at a constant liquid-to-Hwangtoh ratio of 0.55 were prepared. Through the investigation it was found that it is possible to prepare Hwangtoh paste with $19.02N/mm^2$ at the age of 4 hours with the alkali solution of 8M NaOH and 1:4.5 mass ratio of liquefied $Na_2SiO_3$ at the curing temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ by microwave heating. The strength development at early age of the alkali activated Hwangtoh paste specimens may be attributed to both a higher rate of reaction and moisture evaporation due to microwave heating.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2015

Recently, natural disasters have unexpectedly occurred at various places in the world and the countermeasure of them become the social issues. Many of victims in disasters need temporary residential facilities above all things and many of researches have been conducted in order to develop simple, safe, and economic designs of them. Moreover, indoor thermal comfort and air quality must be considered in the facilities against a disaster, because clean and healthy space should be provided to the suffered victims. In this research, in order to estimate the indoor environment of the developed modular building for disaster preparation, CFD simulation was conducted in the various condition. In this paper, indoor air quality such as the age of air, the concentration of $CO_2$ was estimated by the case study