• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to explore gender differences on presenting patients with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department. Methods: The survey was done with 143 emergency medical charts presented to the emergency department and diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction between January 2005 and December 2006. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, chi-square, and t-test. Results: Significant gender differences were apparent in age, route to the emergency department, elapsed time from onset of symptoms to arrival, and initial heart rate. Women were significantly more likely to report hypertension, diabetes, and congestive heart failure than men, but men were significantly more likely to report smoking. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. Women were significantly more likely to report dyspnea and nausea/vomiting than men. Conclusion: Although similarities exist in the associated symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, women might experience different symptoms, compared to men. These findings have implication that patients and health care providers should consider gender difference in presenting symptoms.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to 1. measure the skin resistance of jeong-acupuncture points using compound electrode, and 2. develop a database of skin resistance based on age and gender. Methods : The skin resistance of jeong-acupuncture points on the hands and feet of 191 healthy volunteers was measured using a specially designed compound electrode. A constant current of $5{\mu\textrm{A}}$ was applied to the measurement points and the skin resistance was obtained using amplifier, A/D converter and Acknowledge software program, Results : 1. ANOVA statistical analysis showed no significant differences between jeong-acupuncture points on hands and feet. 2. Paired samples t-test showed no significant differences between Yin-Yang meridian points, 3. When the data were sorted by gender, factor analysis showed statistically significant differences between male and female groups in all measured points except for left foot. 4. Based on the factor analysis, a significant relationship between the skin resistance and age was found in feet. However, no such relationship was found in hands. Conclusions : There are differences in skin resistance according to sex and age, Further clinical research is necessary using compound electrode method.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1190-1202
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• 2009

A 3D body scan measurement (SM) is used as an alternative to physical measurements (PM) as the information for designing industrial products. This study compared the mean difference (MD) between SM and PM by gender and analyzed the causes of the difference. The data used in this study were the scan measurements and physical measurements of adults aged twenty to seventy years old of the fifth Size Korea survey. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The comparison of MD between men and women for all subjects: The measurement of the significant differences between men and women were height, neck base girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, back length, and foot length. The causes of difference are the difference of body shape. 2. The comparison of MD between men and women by BMI groups: Many measurements had significant differences between men and women at normal weight and overweight but underweight. Some measurements had significant differences only at a specific BMI group because the body shape difference between men and women is revealed clearly in the group. The comparison of MD between men and women by age groups: The measurements that show significant difference at more than four age groups were neck girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, and foot length. The height and abdomen girth had a significant difference in the age range of 20's and 30's. There were measurements that increase MD with an increase in age; under-bust girth and lateral shoulder length for women and lateral shoulder length for men. This comparison of MD between men and women provide the correct guidelines for the use of SM.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the obstacles to using interactive whiteboards for teachers of students with learning disabilities (LDs) in the Makkah region and to delineate any differences in the levels of these obstacles that can be attributed to the study variables: teachers' gender, academic qualifications, age, and years of experience. The researchers applied the descriptive survey approach to a sample of 123 teachers of LD students. To analyze the results, frequencies, averages, standard deviations, and relative weights were calculated. The results of the study indicated that the levels of the obstacles to using interactive whiteboards for teachers of LD students were moderate. No statistically significant differences in the levels of these obstacles were related to the variables of gender or age, whereas significant differences were found based on academic qualifications and years of experience.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 건강한 내원견을 대상으로 측정한 망막전위도에 나이 및 성별이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 있다. 보호자가 임상 실험에 참가하는 것을 동의한 34두의 개를 medetomidine과 tiletamine-zolazepam혼합제로 전신마취하여 ISCEV에서 권고하는 진단용 프로토콜에 따라 망막전위도를 측정하였다. 성별간 비교시는 cone 반응의 a파의 지연시간에서 그리고 나이별 비교시 Hi-int R & C 반응의 a파 지연시간에서 유의성을 각각 나타내었다 (P < 0.05). 나머지 ERG반응들은 나이와 성별에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.5-39
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• 2011

본 연구는 사회참여노인의 활동수준에 따른 삶의 질의 차이를 살펴보고 성별 및 연령 차이를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서 복합적이고 다양한 노인의 사회참여와 삶의 질의 관계성을 분석하기 위해 활동의 양적 수준과 질적 수준을 포함한 총체적인 활동수준과 삶의 질 모형을 제시하고 분석을 통해 성별 및 연령에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 분석대상은 수도권지역에 거주하고 있는 60대 이상 사회참여노인 총 586명을 대상으로 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 다집단분석을 하였다. 분석 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 각 사회참여의 활동수준과 삶의 질에 대한 가설검증 결과에서는 경제참여활동의 몰입경험, 사교친교참여활동의 몰입경험, 자기개발참여활동의 몰입경험이 삶의 질에 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회참여의 활동수준과 삶의 질 간의 관계에 대한 성별 차이에 대한 다집단 분석 결과, 사교친교참여활동의 활동량과 삶의 질의 경로에서 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 연령에 대한 다집단분석 결과는 경제참여활동 몰입경험과 삶의 질의 경로에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 이론적 및 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Recent research has identified that self-reported voice problems are a risk indicator for voice disorders. However, previous studies concerning the general population did not take into account the influence of gender on self-reported voice problems. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in risk factors of self-reported voice problems in the Korean adult population using national survey data. This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2008. Subjects inclued 3,622 people (1,508 male and 2,114 female) aged 19 years and older living in the community. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of self-reported voice problems was 5.9% in males, and 8.1% in females Females had higher incidents of self-reported voice problems than males. Adjusting for covariates, in males, age (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.07-5.70), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.20-6.01) were independently associated with self-reported voice problems (p<0.05). In women, age (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.18-3.26), education (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.06-4.12), smoking (OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.48-4.93), thyroid disorders (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.47-4.53), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.21-2.54) were independently associated with self-reported voice problem (p<0.05). Self-reported voice problems related risk factors differed according to gender. These findings suggest that there needs to be different program strategies that reflect gender differences in self-reported voice problems.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting social problem-solving ability of alcohol-dependent patients with a focus on gender differences. Methods: Participants were 250 alcohol-dependent people(men 140, women 110) who were living in B, G and Y cities. Data were collected from January 10 to March 31, 2017 using self-report questionnaires. Abstinence self-efficacy, alcohol insight, unconditional self-acceptance, and social problem-solving ability were investigated. For data analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were employed. Results: Factors influencing social problem-solving ability for men were unconditional self-acceptance and age. The explanatory power was 28%. Factors influencing social problem-solving ability for women were unconditional self-acceptance, stress, religiousness, age, occupation and abstinence self-efficacy and the explanatory power was 72%. Unconditional self-acceptance and age were significant variables of social problem-solving ability in both men and women. Stress, occupation, religiousness and abstinence self-efficacy were significantly associated with social problem-solving ability in women but not in men. Conclusion: The results suggest that it is necessary to consider gender characteristics in order to develop effective management programs for social problem-solving ability in alcohol-dependent people.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2014

Objective : With the increased use of interspinous spacers in the treatment of lumbar stenosis, knowledge of the geometry of the interspinous space is important. To prevent dislodgment of an interspinous spacer, the accurate depth and width of the interspinous space needs to be established to facilitate the best intraoperative selection of correct spacer size. Methods : To determine the depth and width of the interspinous space, two methods are available which utilize plain film and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data analysis of the interspinous depth and width was undertaken in 100 patients. Results : The standard deviations were variable, since skin thickness (zone 1) was altered by sex and age. The difference in the zone 1 distance between adjacent interspinous processes varied according to gender (p<0.05), but was not influenced by age [p=0.32 by analysis of variance between groups (ANOVA)]. Zone 2, the supraspinous, and zone 3, the interspinous ligament depths, comprise the operative working area during insertion of an interspinous spacer. There were no differences with regard to gender or age (p>0.05). For zones 6 and 7, the interspinous distances at the narrowest and widest points, respectively, were found to decrease with the aging process, but the decrease was not statistically significant. There were no differences with regard to gender (p>0.05). Conclusion : This study provides additional information on the interspinous space. This statistical data are valuable for use in the design of interspinous spacers.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.345-355
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development direction and strategy for medicines through analysis of differences in choice attributes according to customers awareness of medicines and experience. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on dietary education among national network trainees and lecturers by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock in Daegu, Gyeongsan, and Ulsan, Seoul from December 5, 2016, respectively. First, factor analysis results showed that six factors were extracted with respect to the choice of the restaurant. Second, the difference in each factor according to the recognition and experience of medicinal herbs was the health related factor as sex, females, age 50~59 years, companion others, and publicity and advertising' factors were more important for publicity and advertisement when the gender was female, the customer's age was 40~49 years, the companion was other, and the time of use was during the weekend. Among the factors related to 'getting dressed', the more important gender was female, age 40~49 years, and the other partner, The factors related to 'time' were as follows: sex, age, age 20~29 years, no accompanying companions, no time of use, and time importance. The 'menu' factors were more important for men, gender, women, age 40~49 years, companion for guitar, and usage time for weekend dinner. The 'service' factors were more important in 'service' as sex, male age, age 20~29, companion family, usage time, and weekend dinner.