• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were daily performed on 12 Shih-tzu bitches from 15 days after ovulation until parturition to determine the time of first detection and ultrasonographic appearance of the fetal and extra-fetal structures and to determine the size of gestational structures. Gestational age was timed from the day of ovulation (day 0), which was estimated to occur when plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 4.0 ng/ml. The gestational length in 12 Shih-tzu bitches was 62.1 (range:60-64) days. The initial detection of the fetal and extra-fetal structures were: gestational sac at days 19.2 (16-21); zonary placenta in the uterine wall at days 25.9 (24-28); yolk sac membrane at days 24.1 (22-26); amniotic membrane at days 26.6 (24-28); embryo initial detection at days 22.3 (21-24); heartbeat at days 23.8 (23-25); limb buds at days 29.3 (27-31); fetal movement at days 32.3 (31-34); stomach at days 32.6 (29-34); urinary bladder at days 33.1 (29-35); skeleton at days 35.9 (34-38) and kidney at days 45.8 (45-48).

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2021

본 연구는 병원간호사의 COVID-19 위험인식, 미디어 의존, 정부신뢰, 회복탄력성과 사회심리적 스트레스가 COVID-19 예방행위에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 대학병원 간호사 200명을 대상으로 자료수집을 하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계, t-test, Pearson's 상관관계 분석, ANOVA, 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 평균연령은 29.8세, 병원 경력은 6.6년이었고, COVID-19 예방행위는 4.3점으로 높은 편이었다. COVID-19 예방행위는 COVID-19 위험인식, 회복탄력성 및 미디어 의존과는 정적상관관계 사회심리적 스트레스와 부적상관관계를 보였다. COVID-19 예방행위에 영향을 미치는 요인은 COVID-19 위험인식, 회복탄력성, 사회심리적 스트레스, 미디어 의존이었다. 병원간호사의 COVID-19 예방행위가 지속할 수 있도록 COVID-19 위험인식 및 미디어 의존을 적절히 관리하고, 회복탄력성 강화와 사회심리적 스트레스 경감을 위한 중재프로그램의 개발 및 적용이 필요하다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.199-211
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to provide a brassiere size chart for making the well-fitted brassiere. The subjects are 2811 women whose range of age is 12 to 59. These woman were classified into 5 age groups by seniority ; age group 1(12~19), age group 2(20~29), age group 3(30~39), age group 4(40~49), age group 5(50~59). statistical differences of measurements were analyzed among 5 age groups through ANOVA. Correlation between measurements were analyzed by correlation analysis. In addition, new brassiere size chart and production rate tables were proposed in this study. The results of the study were as follows. 1) Most of the body measurements were significantly different among 5 age groups. The height was decreasing by getting older while weight was increasing significantly. The 3 girth measurements(top bust, bust, under bust girth) in breast, bust width, bust depth were apt to increase definitely. The 3 girth measurements had high Correlation coefficients among 3 girth mesurements. Therefore, it is valid to pick out cup size and under bust girth for representative items of size chart. 2) Under bust girth and cup size were chosen as 2 axes of brassiere size chart. From the dual distribution table whose intervals had been determined by KS size chart, 17 sizes, which had more than 2% of appearance, were suggested for brassiere size chart. Through these new size charts, the suggested brassiere sizes covered 82.5% of all subjects. The suggested brassiere size chart would be more helpful than KS size chart in making the well-fitted brassiere.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between age at menarche and two major oral diseases. Methods: Data from the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were used. The participants included girls and women aged 12 years and above. Thedataofa total of 7,420 participants were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using complex samples cross-tabulation analysis and complex samples general linear model. Results: The average age at menarche of those aged 12 to 80 years was 13.81 years. The age at menarche was found to be associated with decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) (p<0.05). When the age at menarche was nine years, DMFT was 4.20 when it was 19 years, DMFT was 10.80. The age at menarche was found to be associated with periodontal tissue state (p<0.05). The group with early menarche age had healthier periodontal tissues (17.1%), whereas the group with late menarche age had more unhealthy periodontal tissues (17.9%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: The age at menarche was associated with two major oral diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to provide women with oral hygiene care and oral health education to prevent major oral diseases before their secondary sex characteristics appear.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1997

To examine the effects of an educational program with a purpose of reducing symptoms and ailments of women's premenstrual syndrome on the basis of the Self-care theory of Orem, a stimulation was carried out by using pre-and post-design of non-equity control group after choosing both an experimental group of 62 persons and a control group of 62 persons among 497 industrial women. This study was conducted from June 20, 1996 to September 30, 1996. Meantime, an education was provided for the experimental group of 62 persons for 8 weeks but no education for the control group of 62 persons. Study matters are general and obstetric characteristics, knowledge and self-care behavior and premenstrual syndrome from questionnaires with 497 industrial women, pre and post questionnaires with the control group of 62 persons and the questionnaires collected before and after providing an education for the experimental group of 62 persons, these matters were used as research data for this study and analyzed by means of the SAS program. As a result, it was shown that the scores of 497 industrial women's knowledge by age were the highest 26.36 for 20 to 29 year old women, then 25.58 for 30 to 39 year old women and 25.74 for less 19 year old women. The performance scores of their self-care behavior by age were the highest 39.17 for 30 to 39 year old women, 35.72 for 20 to 29 year old women and 32.85 for less 19 year old women, which means that the older the women are, the higher the performance degree is(p<0.01). And the scores of their premenstrual syndrome by age were 2.80 for less 19 year old women, 2.18 for 20 to 29 year old women and 2.00 for 30 to 39 year old women. Women in their teens and twenties showed more serious symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome than women in their thirties(p<0.01). For the experimental group of 62 persons who received the educational program, both the knowledge of premenstrual syndrome and the degree of self-care behavior were remarkably improved(p<0.01), respectively and the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome were also remarkably reduced(p<0.01), while the control group showed no change in the knowledge, self-care behavior, and symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The above results demonstrated that educational program based on the Self-care theory of Orem is an effective intervention to reduce the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The effects of the study can be generalized by extending the application in which various age groups and professional and social environments are considered together with a research to evaluate the long-term effects of this educational program. Accordingly, it is expected that it can possible not only to provide help for the women by actually applying the program to practical areas for improvement of women's health but also to suggest plans to activate it as one of health education areas.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 1992

지질학적 연령이 9억년 이상인 지열류량 지역에서의 환산 지열류량은 $22{\sim}29mWm^{-2}$의 범위에 속한다. 반면, 연령이 그 이하인 지역에서의 환산 지열류량은 $19mWm^{-2}$에서 $58mWm^{-2}$까지 변화가 심하나, 4.5억년까지는 지질학적 연령의 1/2승의 일정한 비율로 감소하여 평형상태에 도달한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.417-430
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of seasonal adaptability of rural residents from a viewpoint of clothing weight. In this study, the 631 rural residents of both sexes and all generations were selected from 5 rural districts of Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungnam, Chonnam and Kyungbuk province, and the survey on clothes worn by subjects carried out 4 times-once in each season-from 1989. 7 to 1990. 4. The clothing weight per a unit body surface area that is the index of clothing insulative value was calculated and the seasonal variations of clothing weight were investigated in each region, sex and age. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The clothing weight changed with the season and that increased in order of summer, autumn and spring, winter. But there was no significant difference between spring and autumn. 2. In general, the clothing weight of males was havier than that of females through out the year But the underwear clothing weight of males was lighter than that of females. 3. There were significant differences of clothing weight among age groups in the spring, autumn and winter and $14\~29$ age group had smallest clothing weight. Clothing weight increased with age above 29 years and decreased with age below 20 years. In the summer there was no significant di florence of clothing weight among age groups except that clothing weight of $14\~19$ age was significantly havier than the others. 4. The thermal sensation of the clothed body was comfortable in the spring, autumn and winter but that was warm in the summer. 5. The seasonal adaptability of rural adults from a viewpoint of clothing weight was relatively good but the children's clothing life had some problem because they wore too much.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.965-969
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• 2007

목 적 : Antistreptolysin O(ASO)는 인종, 지역, 역학적 요소에 따라 정상치가 다르므로 시기별, 지역마다 각 연령별 정상치가 필요하다. 경인지역에서 신생아부터 29세까지를 대상으로 연령별 ASO치의 분포를 분석하여 이 지역에서 사용할 수 있는 ASO의 소아 정상치를 확립하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 경인지역에서 2002년 1월에서 2003년 2월 사이의 신생아부터 29세까지 753명(남자 381명, 여자 372명)의 혈청을 이용하여 혈청 내 ASO치를 측정하였다. 전체를 각각 연령별로 분석하고 다시 신생아 군, 0-3세 군, 4-6세 군, 7-9세 군, 10-19세 군과 20-29세 군으로 나누어 ULN를 구하였다. 결 과 : 전체 대상의 ASO치는 $149.9{\pm}197.0IU/mL$였으며, 신생아 군에서 $83.4{\pm}78.7IU/mL$이었고, 이후 점차 떨어져 1세 군에서는 $26.7{\pm}43.0IU/mL$로 가장 낮았다. 이후 점차 증가하여 9세 군에서 $318.0{\pm}250.8IU/mL$로 최고값에 도달한 후 다시 감소하였다. ASO 상한값(upper Limit of Normal: ULN)은 0-3세 군에서 40 IU/mL, 신생아 군에서 122 IU/mL, 4-6세 군에서 113 IU/mL, 7-9세 군에서 489 IU/mL, 10-19 세 군에서 433 IU/mL, 20-29 세 군에서 122 IU/mL 였다. 결 론 : 이상으로 경인지역에서 2002년 1월에서 2003년 2월 사이의 신생아부터 29세까지의 연령별 ASO치의ULN을 설정하였으며, ASO 값의 판정은 소아와 성인간에 다른 ULN을 적용하여야 함은 물론 소아에서도 여러 연령별로 나누어서 ASO ULN치를 적용하여야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과는 향후 환자들의 ASO 결과를 임상적으로 해석하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate postural control strategies on smart phone use during gait in over 50-year-old adults. Method: 8 elderly subjects (age: $55.5{\pm}3.29yrs$, height: $159.75{\pm}4.20cm$, weight: $62.87{\pm}8.44kg$) and 10 young subjects (age: $23.8{\pm}3.19yrs$, height: $158.8{\pm}5.97cm$, weight: $53.6{\pm}5.6kg$) participated in the study. They walked at a comfortable pace in a gaitway of ~8 m while: 1) reading text on a smart phone, 2) typing text on a smart phone, or 3) walking without the use of a phone. Gait parameters and kinematic data were evaluated using a three-dimensional movement analysis system. Results: The participants read or wrote text messages they walked with: slower speed; lesser stride length and step width; greater flexion range of motion of the head; more flexion of the thorax in comparison with normal walking. Conclusion: Texting or reading message on a smart phone while walking may pose an additional risk to pedestrians' safety.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Korea and to examine their associations with obesity and some blood profiles. One day food consumption data measured by 24-hour recalls on 2704 subjects aged 1 to 19 were used from 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. The data of blood profiles available in the ages of 10 or older was also used. After categorizing each food consumed into 29 food or food groups, five dietary patterns were derived through a factor analysis and subjects were classified into three major dietary patterns via a cluster analysis using the factor scores. Three dietary patterns were identified as 'traditional diet' (25.6%), 'westernized-fast food' (6.2%), and 'mixed diet' (68.2%). The 'traditional diet' pattern had a higher percentage in boys. Both the 'traditional diet' and the 'westernized-fast food' had higher proportions of adolescents (12-19 y) than younger children, while the 'mixed diet' had a higher percentage of preschool children (1-5 y). Obesity rate analyzed within each age group showed no differences among 3 dietary pattern clusters. Blood pressure and all plasma profiles were not different among dietary patterns when adjusted with age and gender. Conclusively, children and adolescents in Korea had three distinct dietary patterns, which were associated with gender and age. These patterns could be useful to plan nutrition interventions for teenager health promotion.