• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2019

본 연구는 식품으로부터 S. aureus를 분리하는 데 사용되는 선택배지들의 성능을 평가하였다. 먼저 BPA와 MSEY agar의 민감도 비교를 통해 BPA를 선택하였고, 이 배지의 회수율을 $3M^{TM}$ $Petrifilm^{TM}$ Staph Express Count Plate(STX petrifilm)의 회수율과 비교하였다. 축산식품 중 돼지고기 주물럭과 육회용 꾸릿살, 수산식품 중 쥐포와 반건조 오징어, 전통식품 중 떡과 잡채를 선정하여 S. aureus를 접종한 후 BPA와 STX Petrifilm 배지를 사용하여 회수율 분석 실험을 실시하였다. 6가지 식품에 대해 인위적으로 S. aureus를 저농도에서부터 고농도까지 접종한 후 0시간과 24시간 후의 검출률을 측정하였다. 두 배지 간의 유의 수준을 분석한 결과 식품의 종류, 접종 농도에 관계없이 두 선택배지 간에 통계적 유의차는 없는 것으로 확인되었다(P>0.05). 따라서 STX Petrifilm은 BPA를 대체할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 배지의 준비 및 도말에 소요되는 분석시간을 절감하고 배양에도 최소한의 공간이 필요하게 되어 신속, 정확한 분석에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 1996

Dryfilm method by using 3M Petrifilm$^{TM}$ has been examined to replace conventional agar method for isolation of microorganisms from foods. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate suitability of dryfilm method as a microbial isolation method and to determine the effect of antimicrobial agent on dryfilm for isolation of microorganisms from foods. Five different foods, milk, ground beef, fishery surimi, Takju and wheat flour were used to isolate the natural microflora in foods and the inoculated Escheri chia coli. Standard method agar (SMA, Difco) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ aerobic count (PAC, 3M) were used to isolate total microorganisms from foods. Violet red bile agar (VRBA), brilliant green lactose bile (BGLB) broth and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ coliform count (PCC, 3M) were used to isolate coliforms from foods. E. coli broth (EC broth) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ E. coli count (PEC, 3M) were used to isolate E. coli from foods. Acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ yeast & mold count (PYMC, 3M) were used to isolate yeasts and molds from foods. Total aerobic plate counts isolated from five different foods by SMA and PAC (3M) were riot significantly different each other at P<0.05 level and were highly correlated each other ($\geq$0.96). Mugwort extract as an antimicrobial agent did not affect microbial enumeratiion of Dryfilm. Significantly higher number of coliform colonies were formed on VRBA than PCC (3M) from ground beef, but they were not significantly different in coliform colonies from milk samples. PCC (3M) and BGLB were not significantly different for enumeration of coliforms in milk and beef samples. Significantly higher number of E. coli were isolated by EC broth than PEC from ground beef, but these were not significontly different for enumeration of E. coli from milk. Yeast and mold counts isolated from Takju and wheat flour by APDA and PYMC (3M) were not significantly different at P<0.05 level. These data indicate that dryfilm method by using 3M Petrifilm$^{TM}$ can be successively used as an alternative to conventional agar method for enumeration of microorganisms in various foods.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 1974

The agar plate titrations of antibiotic sensitivities of Salmonella and Shigella isolated from human during 1967 to 1972 were studies. 1. The most effective antibiotics against Salmonella and Shigella were chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, minomycin, and gentamycin. 2. All strain of Salmonella typhi were resistant to cloxacilline. 3. The most effective antibiotics against Shigella were kanamycin, gentamycin and minomycin.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.412-415
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• 2018

V. vulnificus는 그람음성의 호염성균으로 감염 되었을 경우, 복통과 발열 등의 급성 위장염을 일으키며 만성질환자에게 급성 패혈증을 일으키는 매우 높은 치사율의 식중독균이다. 식품 중에서 V. vulnificus를 분석하는 방법으로는 TCBS agar와 같은 선택배지를 이용하는 방법과 PCR을 이용한 방법이 있으나 온도, 염 및 pH 등과 같은 환경 요인에 민감한 V. vulnificus의 특성을 고려하였을 때 정확한 균수 정량을 위한 정량분석법 확립의 필요성이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 배지 및 염 차이에 따른 V. vulnificus 생육 특성 차이에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, V. vulnificus 균수 정량분석에 APW 증균 배양을 이용한 MPN-PCR 방법이 적합하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 해수뿐만 아니라 어패류 등의 시료에서 V. vulnificus 균수 정량분석에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-232
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• 2020

Crude oils are essential source of energy. It is majorly found in geographical locations beneath the earth's surface and crude oil is the main factor for the economic developments in the world. Natural crude oil contains unrefined petroleum composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and it contains other organic materials like aromatic compounds, sulphur compounds, and many other organic compounds. These hydrocarbons are rapidly getting degraded by biosurfactant producing microorganisms. The present study deals with the isolation, purification, and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganism from oil-contaminated soil. The ability of the microorganism producing biosurfactant was investigated by well diffusion method, drop collapse test, emulsification test, oil displacement activity, and blue agar plate method. The isolate obtained from the oil contaminated soil was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification was done by microscopic examinations and further characterization was done by Biochemical tests and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Purification of the biosurfactant was performed by simple liquid-liquid extraction, and characterization of extracted biosurfactants was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degradation of crude oil upon treatment with the partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and Gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.504-508
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• 2003

본 연구에서 음이온에 안정한 파파인을 얻기 위한 방법으로 방향성분자진화을 이용하였다. 변이체를 선별하기 위한 방법으로는 skin milk agar plate에 음이온성 고분자 물질은 1%농도로 첨가하여 선명한 환이 형성되는 균주를 선별하였다. 이와 같은 방법으로 선별되어진 균주 P38-10을 SDS-PAGE gel로 발현을 확인하였고, 파파인의 정량 분석방법을 통하여 활성을 측정하였다. 개량형 파파인의 발현액에 음이온성 고분자 물질을 일정하게 첨가하여 매 5시간마다 활성을 측정하였다. 이결과 개량형 파파인의 경우 wild type에 비해 10-15배의 활성과 안정성을 유지하는 것으로 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.569-573
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• 2017

The present study was performed to reveal the current status and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infections in the villages of Kenethao district, Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined for S. stercoralis using Koga-agar plate culture technique. Among 516 individuals, the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infection was 44.2% and 17.1%, respectively. Co-infection was detected in 13.2% of the cases. The prevalence did not significantly differ between males and females (P=0.193). However, the prevalence of S. stercoralis infection increased significantly with age (P=0.041). Of the risk factors examined, both performing farming activities (P=0.001) and walking barefoot when going outside of the house (P=0.003) showed significant correlations with S. stercoralis infections. Our results suggest that S. stercoralis is highly endemic in this area. The National Helminth Control Program of Lao PDR should take actions to control S. stercoralis infection. In addition, provision of health education about the benefits of wearing shoes would be important for reducing infection in the study area. Moreover, the application of high-sensitivity diagnostic approaches is needed to obtain the true impact of S. stercoralis infections in all rural communities in order to provide surveillance activities in Lao PDR.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2003

미생물학적 실내공기질을 평가하기 위하여, 울산에 위치한 3곳의 유치원을 대상으로, 2002년 4월에서 2003년 1월에 걸쳐 계절별로 공기 중의 미생물 농도를 결정하였다. 미생물의 포집에는 충돌식 공기 채취기를 사용하였으며, 세균수는 Staphylococcus medium과 plate count agar, 진균수는 dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar를 사용하여 측정하였다. Staphylococcus medium에서 생장한 세균의 평균 농도는 827.0 MPN/㎥ 로 83.5~4,149.1 MPN/㎥의 범위였으며, plate count agar의 경우는 평균이 580.3 MPN/㎥로 50.0~2,636.0 MPN/㎥의 범위였다. 계절별 평균값은 여름이 가장 높았고, 가을, 봄, 겨울의 순이었으며, 세균의 집락수와 실내온도는 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 계절에 따라 그람양성의 구균은 전체 세균 집락의 45.6~61.0%, 그람음성의 막대균이 8.5~20.6%를 차지하였으며, Micrococcus spp.가 가장 우점하였다. 진균의 농도는 평균이 660.8 MPN/㎥로 0~1,887.5 MPN/㎥의 범위였으며, 계절별 평균값은 여름이 가장 높았고, 겨울이 가장 낮았다. 실내외 공기의 진균 집락으로부터 Penicillium spp.와 Aspergillus spp.를 확인할 수 있었다. 연구의 결과는 계절에 따른 미생물 농도의 변이와 학교의 실내환경에서 bioaerosol의 허용수준을 결정함에 있어 이를 고려해야 할 필요가 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1993

To investigate the changes in aerobic and facultative anaerobic oral microflora during remission-induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 10 consecutive patients were studied during a period of 28 days. One day before, during and after the induction therapy, patients were given 10% Betadine solution for mouthrinses after breakfast and kept from eating and drinking. After 3 hours, paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was obtained for 2 minutes and transported to the laboratory. The samples were dispersed and homogenized by use of vortex mixer for 20 seconds. From these samples 10-fold serial dilutions (from 10-1 through 10-3) were prepared. Each dilution of 0.1 ml was plated on duplicate set of one nonselective medium (Blood agar) and four selective media (Sabourauds dextrose agar, Mannitol salt agar, Mac-Conkey agar, SF medium ) using applicator woods. All agar plate were incubated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. The total number of microorganisms was calculated and the percentage distribution of the various microorganisms from each specimen was drawn. 1. The salivary flow rate decreased by 66%, going from 5.38 ml/2min to 1.81 ml/2min over two days during the chemotherapy. 2. The total number of microorganisms in saliva increased by 22%, going from 4.88$\times$105/ml to 6.00$\times$105/ml over two days during the chemotherapy. 3. The salivary flow rate and the total number of microorganisms in saliva were recovered within 28 days after the chemotherapy. 4. The quantitative alteration in oral Enterobacteria, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Cndida during the chemotherapy had no statistical significance. 5. In saliva of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia who ahd intraoral ulcer, Enterobacteria was quantitatively predominent. Our study suggests that chemotherapy-induced transient xerostomia may induce acute oral infection. Consequently, the use of saliva substitute, the removal of intraoral infection source and the consistent oral hygiene care seem to be required to avoid the transmission of potential pathogenes in this group of patients.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2012

우리나라 산림에서 수집한 외생균근균 8종 27개 균주에 대한 균사 생장 특성을 다양한 배양 조건(배지, 온도, pH)에서 조사하였다. 60일 배양 후, 모든 균주는 PDA와 MMN 배지에서 생장하였으나, 송이를 포함한 일부 균주들은 MEA나 SDA 배지에서 전혀 생장하지 않았다. 또한 대부분의 균주들을 PDA 배지에서 배양했을 때에 저온($10^{\circ}C$)보다 고온($30^{\circ}C$)에서 균사 생장이 저조하였다. 또한 PDA 배지 상에서의 최적 생장온도는 $20-25^{\circ}C$, PDB 배지 내 균사 생장을 위한 최적 pH는 4-5로 나타났다. Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) 활성은 모든 시험 균주에서 나타났으며, CMC(pH 5.0) 한천배지 상에서 최대의 셀룰라아제 활성을 나타낸 균주는 송이(1266)였다.