• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1993

A survey was conducted to measure concentration of airborne microbe in a hospital using RSC air sampler during October~November 1991.The result was as follows: 1) In an agar strip GK-A media for total counts of microbial particles. The highest count were 1384 CFU/m$^3$ in the main lobby, followed by 912 CFU/m$^3$, in the obstetric room, 688 CFU/m$^3$ in 1CU. By gram staining, the distribution for organisms in the air were shown 74.1% in gram possitive cocci followed by 16.8%, in gram possitive bacilli 6.7% in gram negative bacilli and 4.7% in yeast, but low organism was detected in recovery room with 194 CFU/m$^3$. 2) In agar strip S media for Staphylococci the count at the main lobby was detected in the recovery room with 92 CFU/m$^3$, Tests of coagulase were negative Staphylococci with 78%, and positive Staphylococci with 22%. The Staphylococci were highly resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. 3) In agar strip C media for coliform bacteria the colony counts at the main lobby was 139 CFU/m$^3$ and treatment room was 190 CFU/m$^3$, most frequently isolated microorganisms were non fermentative bacilli. 4) In agar strip HS media for yeast and molds. Most frequently colony counts 17~76 CFU/m$^3$, 0.5% lactophenol cotton blue stains were shown unidentified 77.2%, 8.1%, in Penicillium 8.1% in Aspergillus, and 3.8% in mucor.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A measurement of indoor microorganism using Reuter Centrifugal Air Sampler(RCS) was undertaken during October 1991 - February 1999 and 6-Stage Cascade Air Sampler was undertaken during May 2001 - June 2001 in Seoul. Sites including book store, department store, theater, subway station, underground shopping center, hospital, office building, sports facility, and eduationa institutio were chosen to measure indoor microorganism. The results were as follows: 1. The average of total microorganism collected on the agar strip GK-A media were, in the order, subway station, hospital, underground shopping center, department store, book store, theater, sports facility, educational institution, office building in sites. The highest concentration of 711cfu/m$^3$ was found in the subway station and the lowest concentration of 44cfu/m$^3$ was found in office building. 2. The average of staphylococci collected on the agar strip GK-S media, in the order, were subway station, underground shopping center, hospital and department store, department store, theater, office building, sports facility and educational institution in sites. The highest concentration of 502cfu/m$^3$ was found in the subway station and the lowest concentration of 14cfu/m$^3$ was found in sports facility and educational institution. 3. The average of fungus collected on the agar strip GK-HS media, in the order, were underground hospital, shopping center, theater, subway station, department store, book store, sports facility, educational institution, and office building in sites. The highest concentration of 252cfu/m$^3$ was found in the hospital and the lowest concentration of 32cfu/m$^3$ was found in office building. 4. Ratio of Indoor/Outdoor, determined by site was 1.12-2.38 in total count, 1.00-2.35 in staphylococci, and 0.99-1.34 in fungus. 5. The positive results of test were 12-24% in indoor and 9-43% in outdoor. 6. By gram staining gram positive cocci were 59.9%, gram positive bacill 24.4%, gram negative bacilli 10.4%, and gram negative cocci 0.5%.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

Previously, agar obtained from Gelidum sp. has a small molecular weight and has the disadvantage of inherent viscosity properties and poor functionality as a dietary fiber. In order to improve aforementioned disadvantages, agar having a fluidity that can be added to food at a higher concentration that a powder agar having a gelling property at low concertation was manufactured. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of agar hydrolysates was evaluated to confirm their potential as a functional material. As a result, agar hydrolysates significantly reduced NO levels secreted by LPS-activated macrophages and inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2, which are inflammatory mediators that regulates NO secretion in macrophages. Furthermore, in in vivo zebrafish embryos model results demonstrated significant reduction of LPS induced NO production after the treatment of agar hydrolysate hydrolyzed for 360 min. In addition, ROS production and cell death by stresses were also reduced in LPS-exposed embryos after the treatment of agar hydrolysis product hydrolyzed for 360 min. Taken together, agar hydrolysate hydrolyzed for 360 min can be easily added into food due to their fluidity and used as a food ingredient that inhibits inflammation due to their anti-inflammatory property.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

This experiment was performed to investigate effects of zinc containing solution on the major normal flora Staphylococccus aureus, Streptococus mutans and Candida albicans and to observe the variation according to anionic change and concentration difference. Zinc chloride, zinc iodide and zinc acetate solution were added to werially diluted broth culture so that each final concentration might be 0.25%, 0.5%. 1%. After that, 100ul of each aliquot was spreaded on each selective media plate( Mannitol Salts Agar plate for Staphylococcus aureus, Mitis Salivarius Agar plate for Streptococcus mutans and Sabouraud Destrose Agar plate for Candida albicans). The % killing was calculated bu CFU count after incubation under the appropriate condition. 1. zinc iodide, zinc chloride, and zinc acetate solutions showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. 2. The inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus were ranked in order of ainc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc actate. 3. The inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans were ranked in orfer of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 4. the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans showed no difference among zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 5. The inhibitory effects of zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutnas showed increasing pattern as the concentration increase. But the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans showed no apparent difference according to concentrations and it was the case with the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Candida albicans.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제6권
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• pp.37-41
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• 1988

숙근(宿根)안개초(草)의 조직배양(組織培養)에 있어 배지(培地)에 첨가하는 agar농도(濃度) 및 auxins의 농도(濃度)가 vitrification에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 초장(草長), 생체중(生體重), 분지수(分枝數)는 agar농도(濃度)가 높아질수록 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었으며 auxins의 효과(效果)는 미약(微弱)하였다. 그러나 초장신장(草長伸長)에 있어서 IAA 1.0ppm+NAA 0.5ppm 및 IAA 2.0ppm+NAA 1.0ppm 첨가구에서는 그 결과(結果)가 매우 양호(良好)하였다. 2. 발근소요일수(發根所要日數)에 있어서는 auxins의 첨가효과(效果)가 적었다. 그러나 근(根)의 생육(生育)에 있어서는 IAA 1.0ppm+NAA 0.5ppm 및 IAA 2.0ppm+NAA 1.0ppm 첨가구에 있어서 분화(分化)된 근(根)의 생장(生長)이 매우 양호(良好)한 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 건전주율(健全株率)에 있어서는 agar농도(濃度)가 높아질수록 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었으나 배지(培地)가 너무 경화(硬化)되면(1.5%) 지상부(地上部) 및 지하부(地下部)의 생육(生育)이 극(極)히 저조(低調)하였다. 4. 이상(以上)을 종합(綜合)해 보면 숙근(宿根)안개초의 조직배양시(組織培養時) 외부환경(外部環境)에 대(對)한 적응력(適應力)이 높은 강건한 묘(苗)의 육성(育成)을 위해서는 agar농도(濃度) 1.2%로 한 MS배지(培地)(RM1962)에 IAA 1.0ppm+NAA 0.5ppm 첨가배지(培地)를 사용(使用)하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한천식이섬유(Diet fiber of agar)가 지방과 포도당대사에 미치는 효과를 연구하고자, 고지방사료(High fat diet, HFD)를 급여한 C57BL/6 마우스에 한천함유음료(beverage contained agar, BCA)를 9주 동안 투여하고 지방축적, 지질농도, 인슐린농도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 식이섭취효율은 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였지만, 체중과 식이섭취량은 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 일정하게 유지되었다. 또한, 지방조직과 간조직에서 지방의 축적은 HFD+Vehicle처리그룹에 비하여 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 낮게 관찰되었다. 더불어, BCA 처리후에 유의적인 변화는 total cholesterol (TC)과 LDL에서 관찰되었지만, HDL의 농도는 BCA처리에 의해 변화가 없었다. 인슐린의 농도는 HFD+BCAMi 처리그룹과 비교하여 HFD+BCALo과 HFD+BCAMi 처리그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 한천식이섬유의 장기간 투여는 고지방사료를 급여한 동물에서 지방축적, 혈청내 지방프로파일, 인슐린농도의 개선을 유도할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 결과는 한천식이 섬유를 함유하는 음료는 혈청내 지질과 인슐린 작용을 유도할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1975

국내산 한천원조(寒天原藻)로서 남해(南海), 완도(莞島), 여수(麗水)지역에서 수집한 꼬시레기에 대하여 전처리(前處理)방법에 따른 한천의 수율(收率)과 품질특성(品質特性)을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 원조(原藻)의 전처리(前處理)과정에서 고온(高溫)알칼리 처리는 알칼리의 농도가 높을수록 수율(收率)이 증가하였으나 처리시간은 한시간이 최적(最適)이었다. 산(酸)처리에서는 산(酸)농도가 높을수록 또 처리시간이 길수록 수율(收率)이 증가하였다. 상온(常溫)알칼리 처리에서는 알칼리의 농도가 높을수록 또 처리시간이 길수록 수율(收率)이 약간씩 감소하였다. 한천(寒天)제품의 품질특성(品質特性)을 보면 전처리과정에 의하여 전질소, 조회분은 크게 감소하였다. 한천(寒天)제품의 제리강도(强度), 젤화능력(化能力), 젤화온도(化溫度), 점도(粘度)는 고온(高溫)에서 원조(原藻)의 알칼리처리조건이 강할수록 증가하는 경향이 있었으며 유황함량과 제리강도(强度)는 고도(高度)의 부(負)의 상관(相關)관계를 나타내었다. 원조(原藻)의 상온(常溫)알칼리처리는 처리조건에 따라 한천의 품질향상(品質向上)에 있어서 큰 차이가 없었으며 고온(高溫)알칼리처리와 유사한 효과(效果)를 나타내지 못하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of a hot water extract of licorice root as a source for production of healthy food. The electron donating capacity of the hot water extract of licorice root was very strong. This activity decreased by $6.9\%$ after keeping it in 5 days of cold storage, but it was not significantly different. Ten types of licorice jellies were prepared, using agar, agar-pectin, agar-cellulose, 2 different proportions of agar-pectin-cellulose as a gelling agent, and 2 levels of sugar. Among the 5 jellies containing $10\%$ sugar, the elasticity and overall acceptance of the agar jelly obtained the highest sensory score, but the color and flavor were not affected by the type of gelling agents. As the sugar concentration increased to $15\%$, the elasticity of the agar jelly was also evaluated as being the best one among the 5 jellies, but the overall acceptance was not significantly different from the others.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.673-676
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• 1998

국내 연안산 우뭇가사리로부터 고강도 한천을 제조하기 위하여 수산화나트륨을 여러 가지 조건에서 처리한 우뭇가사리로부터 한천을 제조하고 한천의 수율 및 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 수산화나트륨의 최적 처리조건을 찾기 위하여 처리농도, 온도 그리고 시간 등 다양한 조건을 검토하여 우뭇가사리로부터 고강도의 한천을 제조할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 수산화나트륨을 0, 2, 4, 6 그리고 $8\%$를 $80^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 처리한 우뭇가사리로부터 추출한 한천의 수율 및 이화학적 특성을 검토한 결과, 수산화나트륨의 처리 농도는 $6\%$가 적당하였다. 수산화나트륨의 최적 처리 온도를 결정하기 위하여, 수산화나트륨의 처리농도를 $6\%$로 하고 40, 60,70, 80 그리고 $90^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 처리한 우뭇가사리로부터 추출한 한천의 수율 및 이화학적 특성을 검토한 결과, 수산화나트릅의 처리 온도는 $80^{\circ}C$가 적당하였다. 수산화나트륨의 처리시간을 결정하기 위하여, $6\%$의 수산화나트륨을 $80^{\circ}C$에서 2, 3 그리고 4시간 처리한 우뭇가사리로부터 추출한 한천의 수율 및 이화학적 특성을 검토한 결과, 수산화나트륨의 처리시간은 2시간이 적당하였다. 우뭇가사리로부터 고강도 한천을 제조하기 위한 수산화나트륨의 전처리조건을 수산화나트륨의 농도, 온도 그리고 시간별로 조사한 결과, 최적의 전처리 조건은 $6\%,\;80^{\circ}C$에서 2시간이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 수산화나트륨을 처리하지 않은 우뭇가사리로부터 추출한 한천의 Gal는 $53.28\%$, An-Gal는 $4.24\%$였으며, 수산화나트륨을 처리한 우뭇가사리에서 추출한 한천의 경우, Gal는 $51.69\~52.96\%$, An-Gal는 $44.05\~46/10\%$로 수산화나트륨 처리로 인한 구성당의 조성은 큰 차이가 없었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.743-745
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• 2013

We compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalin-ether concentration technique (M-FECT) to the conventional FECT (C-FECT) and the agar plate culture (APC) method for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. For this purpose, we used 600 human fecal specimens collected in an endemic area of southern Thailand. In the M-FECT, we used 2 layers of wire meshes, instead of gauze, to avoid the loss by absorption/adhesion of larvae to the gauze during filtration, and we reduced the exposure time of S. stercoralis larvae in stool samples to formalin. By such simple modifications, the efficacy of M-FECT has become comparable to APC and was much better than that of C-FECT for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis.