• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.738-743
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of pine mushroom yanggaeng prepared with different additions and different preparations of pine mushroom. Yanggaeng was prepared with three concentration of pine mushroom after different preparations of pine mushroom, A hot wind drying 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, Frozen pine mushroom grinding 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, Freezed drying 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, to which was added cooked red bean, agar, oligosaccharide, salt and water. Proximate composition, hunter's color, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluation of yanggaeng were examined. Lightness of pine mushroom yangaeng increased with increasing pine mushroom content and frozen pine mushroom grinding products were higher than those of the preparation products. In the texture profile analysis, hardness of pine mushroom yangaeng increased with increasing pine mushroom content and cohesiveness, springiness of Frozen pine mushroom grinding 0.1% were the highest. In sensory evaluation, the taste and viscosity scores of Freezed drying 0.1% higher than those of the other products. Also the overall acceptability of freezed drying 0.1% pine mushroom yanggaeng was the highest of the all products.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of dental hygienists in different regions about credit bank system and their needs for that. The subjects in this study were 312 dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul, Gyeonggi province, metropolitan cities, Gangweon province and Gyeongsang province. After a survey was conducted in 2008, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to perception of the credit bank system, 68.3 percent of the dental hygienists were cognizant of that. The dental hygienists from most of the geographic areas were aware of it, but all the forty three dental hygienists from Gangweon province who accounted for 13.8 percent didn't know about that. As for media by which they acquired information on that, many of the dental hygienists learned about it from their acquaintances (46.2%), but that was not the case for the dental hygienists from Seoul and Gyeonggi province. 2. As for expectations for the credit bank system, those from Gyeongsang province had the greatest expectations for that in six out of nine items, which included academic or job performance improvement, acquisition of credits, degree or certificates and access to new technology. 3. Concerning educational spending on the credit bank system, 18.9 percent and 8.7 percent from Seoul/Gyeonggi province and Gangweon province spent less than 30 thousand won, and 19.9 percent from the metropolitan cities spent 30 thousand to less than 50 thousand won. 4. As for the importance of the categories of their major in the credit bank system, those from Gangweon province attached the most importance to oral health education ($3.56{\pm}1.259$), and the dental hygienists from the metropolitan cities put the most stress on preventive treatment ($3.64{\pm}1.191$).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.603-616
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• 2007

Roy Huddle, having invented the coated particle in Harwell 1957, stated in the early 1970s that we know now everything about particles and coatings and should be going over to deal with other problems. This was on the occasion of the Dragon fuel performance information meeting London 1973: How wrong a genius be! It took until 1978 that really good particles were made in Germany, then during the Japanese HTTR production in the 1990s and finally the Chinese 2000-2001 campaign for HTR-10. Here, we present a review of history and present status. Today, good fuel is measured by different standards from the seventies: where $9*10^{-4}$ initial free heavy metal fraction was typical for early AVR carbide fuel and $3*10^{-4}$ initial free heavy metal fraction was acceptable for oxide fuel in THTR, we insist on values more than an order of magnitude below this value today. Half a percent of particle failure at the end-of-irradiation, another ancient standard, is not even acceptable today, even for the most severe accidents. While legislation and licensing has not changed, one of the reasons we insist on these improvements is the preference for passive systems rather than active controls of earlier times. After renewed HTGR interest, we are reporting about the start of new or reactivated coated particle work in several parts of the world, considering the aspects of designs/ traditional and new materials, manufacturing technologies/ quality control quality assurance, irradiation and accident performance, modeling and performance predictions, and fuel cycle aspects and spent fuel treatment. In very general terms, the coated particle should be strong, reliable, retentive, and affordable. These properties have to be quantified and will be eventually optimized for a specific application system. Results obtained so far indicate that the same particle can be used for steam cycle applications with $700-750^{\circ}C$ helium coolant gas exit, for gas turbine applications at $850-900^{\circ}C$ and for process heat/hydrogen generation applications with $950^{\circ}C$ outlet temperatures. There is a clear set of standards for modem high quality fuel in terms of low levels of heavy metal contamination, manufacture-induced particle defects during fuel body and fuel element making, irradiation/accident induced particle failures and limits on fission product release from intact particles. While gas-cooled reactor design is still open-ended with blocks for the prismatic and spherical fuel elements for the pebble-bed design, there is near worldwide agreement on high quality fuel: a $500{\mu}m$ diameter $UO_2$ kernel of 10% enrichment is surrounded by a $100{\mu}m$ thick sacrificial buffer layer to be followed by a dense inner pyrocarbon layer, a high quality silicon carbide layer of $35{\mu}m$ thickness and theoretical density and another outer pyrocarbon layer. Good performance has been demonstrated both under operational and under accident conditions, i.e. to 10% FIMA and maximum $1600^{\circ}C$ afterwards. And it is the wide-ranging demonstration experience that makes this particle superior. Recommendations are made for further work: 1. Generation of data for presently manufactured materials, e.g. SiC strength and strength distribution, PyC creep and shrinkage and many more material data sets. 2. Renewed start of irradiation and accident testing of modem coated particle fuel. 3. Analysis of existing and newly created data with a view to demonstrate satisfactory performance at burnups beyond 10% FIMA and complete fission product retention even in accidents that go beyond $1600^{\circ}C$ for a short period of time. This work should proceed at both national and international level.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1998

Purpose : To determine whether TNF-$\alpha$ increases the antitumor effect of radiotherapy in murine syngeneic tumor system. Materials and Methods : Syngeneic murine tumors of MCa-K or MCa-4 (mammary carcinoma), OCa-I (ovarian carcinoma), or HCa-I(hepatocarcinoma were grown in hind legs of C3Hf/HeJ mice. When tumors were grown to 6 mm in mean diameter mice were treated with TNF-$\alpha$, radiation, or combination of the both. Gamma-radiation was given as a single dose of 30 Gy for HCa-I and 15 Gy for other tumors using Cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. A novel TNF-$\alpha$ mutein developed in Korea, was intraperitoneally administered daily at a dose of 10 ug per mouse for 7 days. In combination of radiation and TNF-$\alpha$, the drug was started 1 hour after radiation. Tumor growth delay assay was used to measure the tumor response to the treatment. Results : Among 4 tested tumors, TNF-$\alpha$ alone showed significant antitumor activity in MCa-K and OCa-I tumors, which showed absolute growth delay (AGD) of 5.0 days and 6.5 days, respectively. In combination with radiation, TNF-$\alpha$ showed significant delay of AGD (41.1 days) in OCA-I compared to AGDs of TNF-$\alpha$ alone and radiation, i.e., 6.5 days and 26.9 days, respectively(p<0.05). Enhancement factor was 1.29 in OCa-I, which showed supraadditive effect. TNF-$\alpha$ did not show significant delay of AGDs in the remaining 3 tumors compared to AGDs of TNF-$\alpha$ alone and radiation. Conclusions: TNF-$\alpha$ alone showed antitumor effects in MCa-K and OCa-I. In combination with radiation, TNF-$\alpha$ acted in supraadditive way in OCa-I only. The results of this study imply that the combination of TNF-$\alpha$ and radiation has different therapeutic potential depending on tumor model and further study is advocated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1535-1542
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• 2009

To find the new use of Korean ginseng and mushroom, crude polysaccharides were prepared from submerged cultures of Hericium erinaceum in the medium supplemented with Korean ginseng extracts. When we fractionated crude polysaccharides (HE-GE-CP-1, 3, and 5) from hot-water extracts of submerged cultures of H. erinaceum with ginseng extracts (1%, 3%, and 5% addition of total medium), the yields of HE-GE-CP-1, 3, and 5 were identified at 5.7, 5.1, and 4.8%, respectively. Among crude polysaccharide fractions, HE-GE-CP-5 was significantly higher (1.89-fold of the saline control) than those of HE-GE-CP-1 (1.64-fold) or HE-GE-CP-3 (1.76-fold) on mitogenic activity of splenocytes. HE-GE-CP-5 also had the more potent bone marrow cell proliferation (1.83-fold) rather than HE-CP or HE-GE-CP-1 or HE-GE-CP-3 (1.59- or 1.44- or 1.69-fold, respectively), and anti-metastatic activity as anti-cancer effect showed the highest prophylactic value (72.4% inhibition of tumor control) in 5% supplementation of ginseng extract. However, the lysosomal phosphatase of macrophage was significantly stimulated after HE-GE-CP-3 treatment (2.03-fold). In addition, the immunostimulating and anti-metastatic crude polysaccharide, HE-GE-CP-5, contained mainly neutral sugars (63.2%) with considerable amounts of uronic acid (19.3%) and a small amount of proteins (8.8%). HE-GE-CP-5 can stimulate immune system to inhibit tumor metastasis, and its anti-tumor metastasis may be associated with macrophages, splenocytes and Peyer's patch cells activation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the biological activities of gamma-irradiated Teucrium veronicoides. In photostimulated luminescence analysis, non-irradiated sample showed lower than 700 photon counts (PCs), whereas irradiated (5 and 10 kGy) samples showed higher than 700 PCs. The thermoluminescence ratio of non-irradiated samples was less than 0.1, whereas the values of irradiated samples were greater than 0.1. Electron spin resonance analysis was performed confirmed for irradiation identification. The total phenolic contents of hot-water and 50% ethanol extracts were higher than those values after irradiation at 10 kGy. Regarding 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical inhibitory activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, antioxidant protection factor, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance inhibitory activity as antioxidant test and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, the effect of gamma irradiation had on significant effects. On the other hand, ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitory activity of 10 kGy-irradiated hot-water extract was 23.6% higher than that of the non-irradiated sample. Thus, gamma irradiation could be used for the long-term storage of Teucrium veronicoides.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2002

Three-dimensional CT imaging is efficient in examining specific structures in the craniofacial area by reproducing actual measurements through minimization of errors from patient movement and image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range a need for developing three -dimensional analysis has become urgent. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of error and magnification of three-dimensional CT using a dried skull and Vworks $program^{TM}$ (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea) and also to obtain landmarks that are easy to designate and reproduce in three-dimensional images using the Vmorph-proto $program^{TM}$ (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The following conclusions were obtained, 1. In the comparison of actual measurements from the dried skull and the three-dimensional image obtained from the Vworks program, the mean error was 0.99mm and the magnification was 1.04%. 2. Clinically useful hard tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Supraorbitale, Lateral orbital margin, Infraorbitale, Nasion, ANS, A point, Zygomaticomaxilla, Upper incisor, Lower incisor, B point, pogonion, Menton, PNS, Condylar inner margin, Condylar outer margin, Porion, Condylion, Gonionl, Gonion2, Gonion3, Sigmoid notch and Basion. 3. Clinically useful soft tissue landmarks from three-dimensional images were Endocanthion, Exocanthion, Soft tissue Nasion, Pronasale, Alare lateralis, Upper nostril point, Lower nostril point, Subnasale, Upper lip point, Cheilion, Stomion, Lower lip center, Soft tissue B, Pogonion, Menton and Preaurale. The Vworks program can be considered a clinically efficient tool to produce and measure three-dimensional images. Most of the hard and soft tissue landmarks proposed above are anatomically important points which are also easily reproducible and designated. These landmarks can be beneficial in three-dimensional diagnosis and the prediction of changes before and after surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Antibacterial activities of the trace elements in combination with the food additives were measured against 6 kinds of food-borne microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The difference of antibacterial activity was not shown among the kinds of food additives, such as dextrin, gelatin and collagen. Zn and Ge in combination with food additives had strong antibacterial effect. Especially, $1\%$ zinc acetate in combination with $1\%$ gelatin was more effective against P. fluorescens and S. aureus than against Bacillus sp., E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus. Minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc acetate in combination with $1\%$ gelatin appeared to be 0.5 mg/mL on S. aureus and P. fluorescens, and 1.0 mg/mL on E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus, B. cereus and B. subtilis. Minimum bactericidal concentration of zinc acetate in combination with $1\%$ gelatin appeared to be 0.5 mg/mL on P. fluorescens and 1.0 mg/mL on E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, B. cereus and B. subtilis. The zinc acetate in combination with gelatin showed stronger inhibitory effect in acidic range below pH 6.0, and remained active even after heat treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. In comparison with control, the viable cell counts of fish pastes, which were coated with the solution containing both $1\%$ zinc acetate and $3\%$ gelatin, were decreased by more than 100-fold until the storage of 7 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The results indicate that the combined use of zinc acetate and some food additives could prolong the shelf life of fish pastes by 8 days or more at $10^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2008

Current soil remediation principles for toxic metals have some limitations even though they vary with different technologies. An alternative technology that transforms hazardous substances into nonhazardous ones would be environmentally beneficial. Objective of this research was to assess optimum conditions for Cr(VI) reduction in soils as influenced by ZVI(Zero-Valent Iron), organic matter and moisture content. The reduction ratio of Cr(VI) was increased from 37 to 40% as organic matter content increased from 1.07 to 1.75%. In addition, Cr(VI) concentration was reduced as soil moisture content increased, but the direct effect of soil moisture content on Cr(VI) reduction was less than 5% of the Cr(VI) reduction ratio. However, combined treatment of ZVI(5%), organic matter(1.75%) and soil moisture(30%) effectively reduced the initial Cr(VI) to over 95% within 5 days and nearly 100% after 30 days by increasing oxidation of ZVI and concurrent reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The overall results demonstrated that ZVI was effective in remediating Cr(VI) contaminated soils, and the efficiency was synergistic with the combined treatments of soil moisture and organic matter.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Individual ion concentrations and ionic contributions to EC reading in the circulated nutrient solution are the important factors to be considered for stable EC-based closed-loop soilless culture. This study was conducted to determine appropriate ion-analysis intervals of the circulated nutrient solutions based on ion concentration, ion balance, and ion electrical conductivity under different renewal intervals in EC-based nutrient control systems for sweet peppers (Capsicum annum L. 'Fiesta') in early growth stage. Average node numbers of the plants were 13 and 18 when the experiment started and finished, respectively, and three plants were grown in each rockwool slab. Four different renewal intervals of circulated nutrient solutions such as 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks were used as treatment. Nutrient solutions were supplied to the plants based on integrated radiation. Drainage was collected into drain tanks after irrigation ended in the day and then mixed with fresh water until the EC reaches 2.69 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The replenished nutrient solution was supplied to the plants in the next day. Ion concentrations of the individual ions periodically analyzed in the circulated nutrient solutions showed no significant differences among the treatments during the experimental period. Ion concentrations of $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $NO_3{^-}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${PO_4}^{3-}$, and $Cl^-$ varied within 5-8, 11-14, 2.0-2.7, 0.5-0.6, 14-19, 4-5, 1-4, and 0.3-0.5 $meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. Ion balance showed a consistent tendency over all the treatments and especially $K^+$ : $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ : ${PO_4}^{3-}$ played great roles in the cation and anion balances in the nutrient solutions, respectively. Activity coefficients of ions such as $K^+$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $H_2PO_4{^-}$ varied within 0.8-0.9 and those of $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ varied within 0.5-0.6, showing little changes with time. Ionic contributions of $K^+$ and $NO_3{^-}$ to EC reading were the greatest followed by $Ca^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ in the order. From the results, we thought that allowable ranges in ion concentration, ion balance, and subsequent individual ionic contributions to EC reading would be obtained within 4-week renewal interval of nutrient solution in EC-based closed-loop soilless culture for sweet pepper plants.