• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.1498-1499
• /
• 1998

Thin film inductors of 10 mm ${\times}$ 10 mm with spiral pattern of 14 turns were fabricated by sputtering, photo-masking, and etching processes. Their impedence characteristics and annealing after effects were investigated. After magnetic annealing, the impedence characteristics of the inductors were improved at comparatively low frequencies, but the tendencies of it for thr frequency changes were almost same. These improvement was caused by the annihilation of the internal stresses of films, Uniaxial field annealed thin film inductor had an inductance of 1000 nH, resistance of 6 $\Omega$, and quality factor of 1 at 2 MHz.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2001

Xylose (glucose) isomerase was purified to homogeneity from cell-extracts of Streptomyces chibaensis J-59 via ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The purified enzyme is a homotetramer with a native molecular mass of 180 kDa and a subunit molecular mass of 44 kDa. The amino acid N-terminal sequence of glucose isomerase from S. chibaensis J-59 was determined to be Ser-Tyr-Gln-Pro-Thr-Pro-Glu-Asp-Arg-Phe-Thr-Phe-Gly-Leu. The first 14 amino acids of the N-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed strong analogies with N-terminal sequences of glucose isomerase produced by other Streptomyces spp. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were 7.5 and 85, respectively. The purified enzyme required $Mg^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, and $Mn^{2+}$ for the activity, $Mg^{2+}$ being the most effective. The enzyme was not inhibited by $Ca^{2+}$, but was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$, $Ag^+$, and $Cu^{2+}$. The $K_m$, $V_{max}$, and $k_{cat}$ values of S. chibaensis J-59 isomerase for glucose were 83 mM, 40.9 U/mg, and $1,843min^{-1}$, respectively. In the presence of $Co^{2+}$, cell-free enzymes retained 100% without loss of activities by the heat-treatment at $70^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The enzyme retained 50% residual activity after heating at $85^{\circ}C$ for 13.5 h, at $90^{\circ}C$ for 126 min. The enzyme is more thermostable than any other glucose isomerases of Streptomyces spp.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.465-471
• /
• 1997

Bacillus brevis CD162가 생산하는 cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase)를 ammonium sulfate 침전, DEAE-Sephadex CL-6B 및 Sephadex G-150 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여 분리정제하였다. 정제된 CGTase는 분자량이 약 74,000, 등전점은 약 6.3인 단백질이었고, 정제된 단백질을 SDS-PAGE한 후 변성된 단백질을 재활성시켜 zymogram을 수행한 결과 cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 효소의 최적활성 pH와 온도는 각각 8.0과 $55^{\circ}C$이었으며, pH $5.5{\sim}9.0$과 $50^{\circ}C$까지 안정한 활성을 보였다. 또한, CGTase의 $NH_2$-말단 부위의 아미노산서열은 Ser-Val-Thr-Asn-Lys-Val-Asn-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Asp-Val-Ile-Tyr-Gln 이었으며, 전분으로부터 cyclodextrin으로의 전환률을 분석한 결과, ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin은 1.3%, ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin은 33.9% ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin은 9.7% 이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 1985

내한유채를 $25^{\circ}C$에서 60시간동안 발아시켜 건물량, 뿌리신장도, 아미노산 및 지방산조성의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유채의 건물량은 발아30시간에서 비교적 급격한 감소를 나타냈고 그 이후는 완만한 감소를 나타냈으며, 우리는 15시간까지는 관찰되지 않았으나 발아30시간이후는 일정한 속도의 신장도를 나타낸다. 유채는 발아함에 따라 수분, 조회분은 큰 영향을 받지 않았으나 조지방 조단백질은 감소하였으며 조섬유는 증가하였다. 유채의 아미노산은 Glu, Lys, Asp가 많고 lie, Met가 적었으며 제 1제한 아미노산은 Ile 이었다. 유채의 아미노산은 발아함에 따라 Lys, His, Arg, Asp, Thr, Ser, Ala, Val, lie, Leu는 증가하였지만 Clu, Met Tyr, Phe은 감소하여 발아함에 따라 Met이 제 1제한아미노산이 되었다. 지방산은 oleic acid (49.3%). linoleic acid(22.0%), eicosenoic acid (10.5%), Palmitic acid(5.9%), linolenic acid(5.7%), stearic acid(3.2%), erucic acid(2.8%)가 검출되었는데. 발아에 따라 oleic acid는 감소하였으며 Palmitic acid, linolenic acid 발아중기까지 증가하다가 그 이후는 감소하였고 linolenic acid eicosenoic acid 및 erucic acid는 발아중기까지는 감소하다가 그 이후는 증가하였다.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various pentapeptides on hair repair depending on the characteristics of comprising amino acids using crosslinking agents in hair. Total ten peptides were synthesized with two kinds of amino acids respectively, of which were previously categorized according to R group of the amino acids contributing to the characteristic of each peptide: STTSS (Ser-Thr-Thr-Ser-Ser), LIILL (Leu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Leu), CMMCC (Cys-Met-Met-Cys-Cys), DEEDD (Asp-Glu-Glu-Asp-Asp), RKKRR (Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg), TAMRA-STTSS, TAMRA-LIILL, TAMRA-CMMCC, TAMRA-DEEDD, and TAMRA-RKKRR. Pentapeptide alone, or pentapeptides with crosslinking agents such as polymeric carbodiimide (PCI) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were treated to chemically damaged hair. Hair diameter and break strength (N = 40/case) were measured to calculate tensile strength of hair for computing hair repair ratio, and fluorescence yields (N = 20/case) were collected for hair treated with TAMRA-peptides. The tensile strength of hair treated with pentapeptides alone, or pentapeptides with cross-linking agents is consistent with the fluorescence yield from the microscope images of the cross-sectioned hair in vision and in numerical values. Pentapeptides consisting of hydrophobic amino acids (LIILL), amino acids with sulfur (CMMCC), and basic amino acids (RKKRR) increased the tensile strength in perm-damaged hair. Pentapeptides with no extra carboxyl/amine groups in R group of amino acids resulted in no significant differences in hair strength and fluorescence yield among hairs treated with alone and with crosslinkers. Pentapeptides with extra carboxyl groups or amine groups enabled further strengthening of hair due to increased bonds within the hair after carbodiimide coupling reaction. The hair repairs of pentapeptides with various amino acid sequences were studied using crosslinking. Depending on the physical characteristics of comprising amino acids, the restoration of damaged hair was observed with tensile strength of hair and fluorescence signals upon cross-sectioned hair in parallel to possibly understand the binding tendency of each pentapeptide within the hair.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1351-1360
• /
• 2023

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that disturb hormonal homeostasis by binding to receptors. EDCs are metabolized through hepatic enzymes, causing altered transcriptional activities of hormone receptors, and thus necessitating the exploration of the potential endocrine-disrupting activities of EDC-derived metabolites. Accordingly, we have developed an integrative workflow for evaluating the post-metabolic activity of potential hazardous compounds. The system facilitates the identification of metabolites that exert hormonal disruption through the integrative application of an MS/MS similarity network and predictive biotransformation based on known hepatic enzymatic reactions. As proof-of-concept, the transcriptional activities of 13 chemicals were evaluated by applying the in vitro metabolic module (S9 fraction). Identified among the tested chemicals were three thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonistic compounds that showed increased transcriptional activities after phase I+II reactions (T3, 309.1 ± 17.3%; DITPA, 30.7 ± 1.8%; GC-1, 160.6 ± 8.6% to the corresponding parents). The metabolic profiles of these three compounds showed common biotransformation patterns, particularly in the phase II reactions (glucuronide conjugation, sulfation, GSH conjugation, and amino acid conjugation). Data-dependent exploration based on molecular network analysis of T3 profiles revealed that lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most enriched biotransformants. The subsequent subnetwork analysis proposed 14 additional features, including T4 in addition to 9 metabolized compounds that were annotated by prediction system based on possible hepatic enzymatic reaction. The other 10 THR agonistic negative compounds showed unique biotransformation patterns according to structural commonality, which corresponded to previous in vivo studies. Our evaluation system demonstrated highly predictive and accurate performance in determining the potential thyroid-disrupting activity of EDC-derived metabolites and for proposing novel biotransformants.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권8호
• /
• pp.1197-1203
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 쥐골격근의 AMPK insulin signaling($tAMPK{\alpha}$, $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$)과 PI3K insulin signaling pathway(pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, PI3K $p^{85}$, pAkt $Ser^{473}$) 발현 및 glucose uptake에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골격근내 glucose uptake에서는 비교집단과 비교하여 운동집단(59.4%), $Rb_1$집단(70.5%) $Rb_1/Ex$집단(58.6%)에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 AMPK insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 비교집단에 비해 $AMPK{\alpha}$(Ex, 28.6%; $Rb_1$, 28.5%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 29.8%), $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$(Ex, 35.1%; $Rb_1$, 35.3%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 30.9%)의 발현이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 PI3K insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과 비교집단과 비교하여 IRS-1, PI3K $p^{85}$에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 pAkt $Ser^{473}$은 $Rb_1$ 집단에서 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, ginsenoside $Rb_1$은 운동과 더불어 근육 세포내 AMPK의 활성화와 근육 내 glucose uptake를 증가시켜 제2형 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과로 PI3K insulin signaling pathway의 항당뇨 효과는 설명하기는 부족하다고 판단되며 추후 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 ginsenoside $Rb_1$의 농도, 처치시간, 처치방법을 고려한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 1996

Recently existing the road traffic low is requlated by hump standard, which is established throuth the actual england TRRL(Transpodt and Road Research Laboratory) experiment. The determined standard has been utilized, however, wihtout the test on of our street and its drivers driving characteristics. Even with the utilization, the appropriate before and after management, is not constituted. In Spite of minimum speed limit, in many case, the utilization itself is questionalble rather than the purpose of restraining speed limit or reducing vehicle confacts. Along with hump consideration, social attention is focused due to series of personal law suit(traffic accident) field against the negligence of local organization management. Therefore counter measure of safe transportation facility is urgently required. With consideration of above background, the purpose of this research is to develop the hump that is appropriate with our transportation environment. This can be achieved thr ugh analysis of hump effectiveness, examination of drivers awamess, facilitation/management problems, and various problems in verticle acceleration.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제87권6호
• /
• pp.575-583
• /
• 2023

The postoperative period for a carrier of total hip prosthesis (THP), especially in the first months, remains the most difficult period for a patient after each operation, even if traumatologist surgeons want the relief and success of their operations. In this investigation, selected three of the daily activities for a wearer of total hip replacement (THR), such as sitting in a chair, lifting a chair, and going downstairs, and was performed a numerical simulation by finite elements based on experimental data by Bergmann (Bergmann 2001) in terms of effort for each activity. Different stresses have been extracted, and a detailed comparison between two activities with different induced stresses such as normal, tensile, and compressive shear stresses.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2022

Characterized by abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), neointima hyperplasia is a hallmark of vascular restenosis after percutaneous vascular interventions. Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is a stress adaption-associated ser/thr protein kinase that can induce the proliferation of various types of cells. However, the role of VRK1 in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury remains unknown. We observed increased expression of VRK1 in VSMCs subjected to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB by western blotting. Silencing VRK1 by shVrk1 reduced the number of Ki-67-positive VSMCs and attenuated the migration of VSMCs. Mechanistically, we found that relative expression levels of β-catenin and effectors of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) such as phospho (p)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-S6, and p-4EBP1 were decreased after silencing VRK1. Restoration of β-catenin expression by SKL2001 and re-activation of mTORC1 by Tuberous sclerosis 1 siRNA (siTsc1) both abolished shVrk1-mediated inhibitory effect on VSMC proliferation and migration. siTsc1 also rescued the reduced expression of β-catenin caused by VRK1 inhibition. Furthermore, mTORC1 re-activation failed to recover the attenuated proliferation and migration of VSMC resulting from shVrk1 after silencing β-catenin. We also found that the vascular expression of VRK1 was increased after injury. VRK1 inactivation in vivo inhibited vascular injury-induced neointima hyperplasia in a β-catenin-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that inhibition of VRK1 can suppress the proliferation and migration of VSMC and neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury via mTORC1/β-catenin pathway.