• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.502-508
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• 1986

해조류중 미역, 다시마, 곤피, 청각, 파래 및 김을 물, 메타놀, 핵산 및 에칠에테르로 추출한 엑스분의 항돌연변이 효과를 Salmonella typhimurium/microsome 계로 실험하였다. 물로 추출한 엑스분은 TrP-P-2와 aflatoxin $B_1$에 다소 효과가 있었고, 메타놀의 엑스분중 다시마, 곰피는 Trp-P-2에 효과가 있었으며, 메타놀 엑스분을 plate 당 1.0mg, 2.0mg 함유하는 모든 시료는 MeIQ와 aflatoxin $B_1$에 효과가 있었다. 에칠 에테르의 엑스분은 곰피와 청각이 매우 효과가 있었고, 특히 6종류의 해조류중 에칠 에테르의 엑스븐은 MeIQ와 aflatoxin $B_1$에 대하여 우수한 효과가 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1979

In order to investigate the production of aflatoxin in various conditions such as pH, moisture and temperature, 27 smaples were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus, and in addition 3 smaples were inoculated with the mixture of Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis and cultured under the conditions such as $20^{\circ}C$ and 30% moisture contents. The following results were obtained : 1) Aflatoxin production was the highest at pH 5.0 and relatively high at pH 7.0. Its production was decreased significantly when pH reached 9.0. 2) The yield of aflatoxin was shown comparatively high level at 30% moisture contens. The higher moisture contents was, the lower aflatoxin production was. 3) The highest level of aflatoxin production was at $20^{\circ}C$, and comparatively high level was at $30^{\circ}C$. However, its production was fairly low at $40^{\circ}C$. 4) The highest crude aflatoxin production was 5,093ppm $(B_1,\;1.912\;ppm;\;B_2,\;0.521\;ppm;\;G_1,\;2.119\;ppm;\;G_2,\;0.541\;ppm)$ at 30% moisture, pH 5.0 and $20^{\circ}C$ and the lowest one 2.197 ppm $(B_1,\;0.793\;ppm;\;B_2,\;0.185\;ppm;\;G_1,\;0.102\;ppm;\;G_2,\;0.381\;ppm)$ at 63% moisture, pH 9.0 and $40^{\circ}C$ 5) When Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus subilis were cultured together under the conditions such as $20^{\circ}C$ and 30% moisture, aflatoxin production was decreased by 27% comparing with the culture of Aspergillus flavus alone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1995

Ninety Wistar male rats were used to study the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation to diets containing aflatoxin $B_1$ on the contents of liver lipids and various blood parameters. Two levels of dietary aflatoxin (0 and 1 ppm), 3 levels of vitamin E (30, 60 and 120 IU/kg), and 3 levels of Se (0.1, 1 and 2 ppm) were used to design a $2{\times}3{\times}3$ factorial experiment. Rats, weighing about 200 g, were randomly allotted to 18 cages, 5 rats per cage. The aflatoxin significantly (p < .05) decreased growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency. Aflatoxin increased the glucose level and decreased the cholesterol level in blood significantly. Levels of blood triglyceride, total protein, and albumin were not affected by aflatoxin, vitamin E or Se. Activities of blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased by aflatoxin; however, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood was decreased by aflatoxin even in the presence of Se. The vitamin E supplementation decreased the AST activity significantly, while GSH-Px activity increased significantly as the levels of dietary Se increased. The levels of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in rats receiving aflatoxin, while the extra vitamin E supplementation increased these hepatic cholesterol levels. It was concluded that the extra dietary vitamin E or Se supplementation might partially alleviate some of the harmful effects of aflatoxin in rats.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.295-303
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• 1985

고속액체 크로마토 그라피에 CN컬럼과 분리용매로 핵산-테트라 하이드로퓨란-아이소프로필알콜-물을 사용하고 형광 검출기의 검출관에 리클로솔브로 채워 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$를 분리 정량하었다. 이 조건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$의 최저 검출한계는 0.2ng이었다. 대량생산 대두발효 식품과 메주에서 아플라톡신함량을 조시하였고, 대두 발효식품에서 사용되는 균주의 아폴라톡신 생성능을 알아보았다. TLC에서는 아플라톡신 유사물질이 검출되었지만 HPLC에서 아플라톡신이 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 시험한 균주의 아폴라톡신의 생성능은 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.721-725
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• 1989

Aspergillus kawachii 혹은 A. shirousamii는 저장 중인 쌀에서 A. flavus에 의한 aflatoxin의 시발생성시기에는 영향을 주지 못하였으나 생성속도와 생성량은 현저하게 감소시키었다. 백미를 A. flavus로 접종하여 상대습도 85%, $28^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안 aflatoxin $B_1$은 35일 후에 최고 $40{\mu}g/50g$ 생성되었다. 같은 조건에서 A. kawachii 동시접종한 경우에는 45일 후 최고 $25{\mu}g/50g$ 생성되었으나 A. shirousamii를 동시접종한 경우에는 60일 동안 흔적 정도만이 검출되었다. Aflatoxin을 첨가한 쌀에 A. kawachii 및 A. shirousamii를 7일간 키우면 각각 97% 및 98%의 aflatoxin이 감소되었다. 또한 aflatoxin을 첨가한 쌀을 A. kawachii 및 A. shirousamii로 만든 쌀 고오지로 48시간 당화시키는 동안 각각 30-67% 및 16-57%의 aflatoxin이 감소되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

The influences of dietary aflatoxin B1 on performance, on hematologic, pathologic and immunologic changes in broiler chickens were studied. One hundred and fifty hatched broiler chickens were fed with diet containing aflatoxin B1 (1.0 ppm and 2.5 ppm) fot three weeks. Blood samples, serum, and immune organs were obtained to investigate hematological, clinico-chemical, and histopathologial changes. Body weight gain and feed intake were significantly decreased. The liver and kidney were increased, whereas the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus were decreased.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1981

Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999에 의한 보리의 aflatoxin생성(生成)에 미치는 코발트-60감마선(線)의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 감마선(線)은 평형수분(平衡水分)된 후(後)(접종(接種) 3일후(日後)), 그리고 10일(日)동안 배양후(培養後) 0, 50, 100, 200 및 400krad로서 조사(照射)하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분함량(水分含量)이 17%에서 25%로 증가(增加)함으로써 aflatoxin의 생성량(生成量)이 현저(顯著)하게 증가(增加)하였으며, 특히 무조사구(無照射區)에서 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 배양기간(培養期間)을 3일(日)에서 13일(日)로 연장(延長)하여 조사(照射)함으로써 aflatoxin의 생성(生成)이 더욱 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 접종(接種) 13일후(日後) 200krad로 조사(照射)하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 배양(培養)된 25%수분함량(水分含量)(RH:100%)에서는 50 또는 100krad로 조사(照射)된 것보다 aflatoxin의 생성(生成)이 증가(增加)하였다. 4. Aflatoxin의 종류별(種類別) 축적비율(蓄積比率)은 aflatoxin G가 B보다 현저(顯著)하게 대량(大量)으로 축적(蓄積)되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the competitive effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum on the growth and aflatoxin $B_1$ production of Aspergillus parasiticus. Leu. mesenteroides and Lac. plantarum were grown with A. parasiticus in a modified APT broth at $28^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. It was observed that the growth of A. parasiticus got lower when the two bacteria were inoculated simultaneously than when the mold grew alone. The pH of mixed culture of Leu. mesenteroides and Lac. plantarum showed significantly lower value than the pH of the pure culture of A. parasiticus (p<0.05). The acidity of the mixed culture group significantly increased compared with the control group (A. parasiticus alone group) (p<0.05). The aflatoxin $B_1$ production was significantly decreased in the mixed culture group than in the A. parasiticus alone group (p<0.05). Leu. mesenteroides showed the more efficient effect than Lac. plantarum. These results indicate that the two lactic acid bacteria have inhibitory effect on the growth and aflatoxin $B_1$ production of Aspergillus parasiticus.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.263-269
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• 1975

한국산(韓國産) aflatoxin $G_1$의 독성(毒性)을 비교구명(比較究明)하기 위하여, 한국산(韓國産) aflatoxin $G_1$과 표준(標準) Aflatoxin $G_1$을 各各 1포(圃)씩 오리병아리에 경구투여(經口投與)해서 얻은 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Aflatoxin $G_1$의 독성(毒性)에 의(依)하여 유발(誘發)되서 간장(肝臟)에 나타난 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 병변(病變)은 출혈(出血), 지방변성(脂肪變性) 및 경(輕)한 담관세포(膽管細胞)의 증식등(增殖等)이었다. 2. 출혈(出血)은 $75{\mu}g$의 한국산(韓國産) aflatoxin $G_1$의 투여(投與)로 폐사한 오리에서 가장 현저하였다. 담관세포(擔管細胞)의 증식(增殖)은 $75{\mu}g$과 $50{\mu}g$의 aflatoxin $G_1$을 투여(投與)한 경우에 경(輕)하게 나타났다. 3. 독량(毒量)이 같은 경우에도 Aflatoxin $B_1$에 비(比)해 Aflatoxin $G_1$의 병변(病變)이 훨씬 가볍게 나타났다. 4. 한국산(韓國産) aflatoxin $G_1$을 투여해서 발생(發生)된 병변(病變)은 표준(標準) aflatoxin $G_1$을 투여해서 발생(發生)된 병변(病變)과 유사(類似)하였으며, 그 정도(程度)도 비슷하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 1996

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been reported to directly suppress the immune responses. In the present study, the effect of AFB1 on immune functions was investigated. Splenic lymphocytes were treated with various doses of the mitogens (lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A) in the presence of AFB1. AFB1 pretretment decreased the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibody production of IgM and IgG class was significantly decreased in AFB1-treated splenic cells. In addition, when animals were exposed to AFB1, the susceptibility of bacterial infection as well as the growth of tumor cells was increased. These data suggest that AFB1 affected the immune function and humoral immunity impaired by AFB1 treatment contributed to pathological process.