• Design Convergence Study
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.137-152
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• 2014

In considering the overheated competition amongst social commerce, it is imperative to determine which parts of the social commerce service are considered important by consumers, and which parts need improvements to sustain relationship between consumers and the corporation. Therefore, this research has identified the motives for usages of consumers as affordability, convenience, information acquisition, pleasure, and sociability, and set satisfaction as a factor that works as a medium between previously mentioned motives and willingness to repurchase to identify factors that affect willingness to repurchase and factors that affect positively. Additionally, to identify significant results that have not been identified in statistical analysis. The experiment was conducted on those who have experienced purchase on social commerce or are currently using social commerce. The survey was created based on prior research, and has representativeness as a sample were conducted empirical analysis and visualization analysis. As the research result, the result that satisfaction causes are in close relationship with causes for repurchase, and affordability has the most positive effect among the five motives for usage were deducted, and the conclusion that the relationship among data are easily deducted when statistic analysis and visual analysis are carried out at the same time was postulated.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the housing pathways of middle-class married women toward owning a first home. In doing so, an in-depth interview as a qualitative method was conducted, life history was utilized to track down the path to first-home owning, and all the interviews were transcribed for analysis. The research participants were well-educated middle-class full-time housewives owning a home. The findings indicated that family formation through marriage and child birth was a primary driving force to buy a home. It was shown that owning a home was perceived not just as a stepping stone for building both family wealth and social capital but as one of the most important pillars to reinforcing traditional family values. In spite of some intergenerational distinctions on the path toward home owning, commonalities across generations included that home owning was considered to be a social icon for middle-class, it became almost impossible for younger generations without parental support which stimulated the intergenerational transfer of wealth, and it was greatly determined by both family income (affordability) and home finance options(borrowing capacity). This research implies that the changing social landscape transforms the value on homeownership and could undermine the socioeconomic strengths of home owning. Nonetheless, it's of importance to strategically assist first homebuyers who are likely to be a member of middle-class.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.324-337
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences in purchase behaviors, buying motives of secondhand clothing and the perception toward secondhand clothing products among the groups as determined by their gender and age. Data were collected by a pilot test and the final questionnaire survey administered to 450 subjects in the age range from 20 to 59, living in Seoul; 430 were used for data analyses. The results showed that 3 factors for buying motives (distinction, affordability, and quality & attractiveness) and 2 factors for perception toward secondhand clothes (positive and negative perceptions) were formulated. Women tended to buy more secondhand clothing products for themselves as well as their family, and put more importance on most of selective criteria than men did. The young were more likely to have negative perception and to buy at diverse places. Those having experiences of buying secondhand clothes showed more positive perception on such products. It is expected that this study provides basic information needed for secondhand apparel companies to develop their marketing strategies to increase customer satisfaction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2018

This study examined the indoor exercise environment use and needs of older adults. The target population was seniors aged 60 years and older living in a newly developed apartment complex. Variables include demographic and housing characteristics, status of exercise, and indoor exercise environmental evaluation and needs. A total of 102 data items were analyzed using frequency, t-test and ANOVA. Noteworthy results are as below. First, community centers and community welfare centers were the most desirable exercise environments because of affordability, exercise programs/spaces. Such exercise environments should be developed in more locations for increasing numbers of seniors. Second, indoor exercise environments need to be improved based on seniors' physical capabilities and environmental behavior. Third, supportive spaces such as restrooms, shower rooms, locker rooms should be carefully designed. Fourth, seniors wanted to have walking trails and indoor swimming pools, the most desirable exercise spaces, within ten to 15 minutes walking distance.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

The world's unique geographical, multilingual, multiethnic, multiracial and multi religious Himalayan country Nepal has more than 100 years history on telephony service and it has been formulating appropriate policy and regulation for the adoption of new technology, introducing the competitive market environment for the overall development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures and application of ICT service and tools for socio-economic transformation. The Nepalese market seems to be continuously growing and having huge demand of mobile telephony and internet subscriptions trend. The ICT infrastructure development in difficult geographical area is quite challenging and thus operators are focusing mobile telephony and mobile internet services. Nepal has been doing its best effort on formulating policy and regulation, adoption key strategies for ICT sector development and at the same time joining hands with international and regional bodies such as ITU, SAARC etc for ICT sector development. Due to geographical diversity, policy and regulatory barriers in some extent, power supply constraints and low affordability from customers on ICT tools and services, Nepal has been facing challenges on ICT infrastructure development. However, the national statistics on ICT, Networked Readiness Index and ICT Development Index show that Nepal has done quite good progress and is keeping its pace on ICT development despite the these challenges. Moreover, there seems to be quite uncovered market segments on internet service and big opportunity on ICT sector development in Nepal in the days to come.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.632-642
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• 2007

Korea, a peninsular country with distances of approximate 840 kms south-north and 1,200 kms east-west, currently has only three types of rail transport mode in operation; high-speed KTX, regional railway and urban rapid rail transit. It is very unfortunate that there exists no mountain train system across the country yet, which could be able to contribute both to the promotion of tourism and to a higher affordability of public transport means in the city. This type of rail mode system is more desiring when taking account the fact that 75% of the land topographically belongs to mountainous area. With this background in mind, among others, it is suggested that a mountain train system be laid over the scenic Bukhan Mountain in Seoul linking Gupabal station in line 3 and Ssangmun station line 4. This project would surely require an advancing review on its feasibility and approving result.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.60-65
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• 2014

This research examined an immediate loading capable of providing a masticatory function and financial affordability while satisfying every requirement of a useful immediate loading. In this research, numerical value analysis was performed on couple-type posterior teeth implants developed by making up for the problems of extant implants. As a result of examining the effects of external impacts on extant implants and their deformation, relatively lager deformations separated from a molar were found concerning molar deformation implant with the maximum deformation level being approximately 1.657mm. In this research, the improved implant showed much improvement in terms of impact analysis in its deformation dispersion status after unloading the impulsive load from a punch. As for the case of hepf, about 1.657mm occurred but the improved model showed about 0.9217mm, exhibiting 55.6% advancement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.923-933
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• 2011

In this study, we derived seven customer value factors to evaluate the levels of service in wastewater utilities required by customers. Levels of service according to the customer value were categorized into environmental amenity, accessibility of wastewater service, affordability of wastewater charge, quality of wastewater service, health and safety of wastewater service provision, reliability and responsiveness of wastewater service provision, and satisfaction of customer service. To investigate the levels of wastewater service, questionnaires were prepared according to the customer value factors, and the questionnaire survey was performed with 800 adults in all over Korea including male and female samples. The comprehensive satisfaction score for the wastewater service was 57.5 points, indicating a slightly good satisfaction level. The detailed analysis of the result showed that the satisfaction level was high in the wastewater service accessibility and call center service provision but it was relatively low in the river water quality and nasty smell of wastewater. It was concluded that the quality of wastewater service and customer service satisfaction need to be elevated primarily in order to improve levels of wastewater service required by the customers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.111-124
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• 2014

Decentralized water supply systems, treating the water in users'vicinity, cutting down the distribution system, utilizing the alternative water resources(rainwater harvesting, water reclamation and reuse and so on.) and saving energy and other resources, could be categorized into POU(Point-Of-Use), POE(Point-Of-Entry) and community small scale system. From the literature review, we could thought that decentralized water supply system and hybrid system(integrating centralized and decentralized water supply system within urban water management) might have strengthening comparative advantages to centralized system with respect to: (1) water security, (2) sustainability, (3) economical affordability. Even though it is difficult to derive and quantify direct benefit advantages from decentralized and hybrid system in comparison with centralized system, (1) operational cost reduction, (2) assurance for safe and stability water supply and (3) greenhouse gas reduction can be expected from successful establishment of the former.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2014

Around 80% of the 63 million people in the UK live in urban areas where demand for affordable housing is highest. Supply of new dwellings is a long way short of demand and with an average annual replacement rate of 0.5% more than 80% of the existing residential housing stock will still be in use by 2050. A high proportion of owner-occupiers, a weak private rental sector and lack of sustainable financing models render England's housing market one of the least responsive in the developed world. As an exploratory research the purpose of this paper is to examine the provision of social housing in the United Kingdom with a particular focus on England, and to set out implications for housing associations delivering sustainable community development. The paper is based on an analysis of historical data series (Census data), current macro-economic data and population projections to 2033. The paper identifies a chronic undersupply of affordable housing in England which is likely to be exacerbated by demographic development, changes in household composition and reduced availability of finance to develop new homes. Based on the housing market trends analysed in this paper opportunities are identified for policy makers to remove barriers to the delivery of new affordable homes and for social housing providers to evolve their business models by taking a wider role in sustainable community development.