• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to see the effect of walking when training for chronic stroke patients, Affected side vision impairment induced gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation in parallel. Methods: This study was the general walking training group, the training group was divided damage induced affected side view, affected side view damage induced by rhythm auditory stimulation training three groups. Intervention period was 4 weeks. 5 times per week, per 30 min entered arbitration. Affected Side vision impairment induced induction training was conducted by installing a red cones, rhythmic auditory stimulation was applied to a regular rhythm training using a smartphone application (Metronome). Paired t-test was performed to see the difference between each group and before the intervention. One-way ANOVA was used to find out the significance probability between each group. Statistical significance was set at 0.05 probability. Results: Regular walking group, rather than affected side vision guided walking group could see increases in the FGA and DGI (P<0.05). And vision impairment induced affected side view and rhythmic auditory stimulation induction training this group than in the combination group walking group obtained higher scores on the FGA, DGI score(P<0.05). Conclusion: If you want to enforce certain rhythmic auditory stimulation of the visual field and side damage induced during gait training for stroke patients will be able to expect a better effect.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to identify asymmetry observed in electromyography (EMG) activity patterns of lower limb muscles between affected and unaffected sides of stroke patients during sit to stand (STS) movement and (2) to identify the muscles of the paretic lower limb that affected STS performance in stroke patients. Methods: This study consisted of 27 patients (15 males and 12 females) with poststroke hemiparesis. The activation of the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GCM) of the affected side and unaffected side during STS movement were recorded using surface EMG. In addition, EMG lower limb muscle activation patterns were measured in the all section, pre-thigh off (pre-TO), and post-thigh off (post-TO) section. All measurements were obtained during five repetitions of the STS (FTSTS) movement. An independent t-test was performed to compare the affected side and unaffected side of the lower limb during the STS movement. A stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the muscles that affected STS performance. Results: Activation of both the RF and TA significantly affected the lower limb during the STS movement (p<0.05). Two muscles showed a difference on the post-TO section. The results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the RF and TA muscles of the affected lower limb were affected in FTSTS. Conclusion: These results provide a basis for reinforcement training, focusing on the RF and TA muscles of the affected side of stroke patients to improve asymmetric movement and performance in STS movement.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of contact handorientation response(CHOR) during sit-to-stand(STS) in people with stroke. Methods The subjects of the study were Thirty hemiplegia participated (Rt. hemiplegia/Lt. hemiplegia: 15/15, mean age: $65.82{\pm}8.53$) in this study. The analysis of muscles activation (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) distribution was conducted by the EMG, and the analysis of foot pressure distribution was conducted by the resistive pressure sensor. Hemiplegic stroke patients were instructed to perform STS three times with the non-affected side hand and affected side hand on the table. Results There was a significant positive correlation between rectus femoris, tibialis anterior muscle activation and affected side hand contact during STS(p<0.05). The STS correlated with the foot pressure in the affected side hand contact(p<0.05). Conclusion AS a result, CHOR during STS is related to muscle activation and the characteristics of foot pressure. This information was observed in the affected side hand contact on the table, suggestion that rehabilitation programs should be implemented.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the factor that might affect mandibualr body rotation. For the study, 115 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 35 dental students without angy signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected as the patient group and the contreol group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle' classification, lateral guidance pattern, and affected side were clinically recorded, and the amount of Mandibular body rotational torque movement was measured in wide opening and closure, in right and left excursion with vertical and lateral distance in frontal plane, right and left rotational angel in horizontal and in frontal plane. Masticatory muscle activity of anteriorocclusal contact pattern on maximal hard biting were also observed synchronously with BioEMG and T-Scan , respectively. The observed items were muscle activity of anterior temporalis and superficial masseter, and tooth contact status related to contact number, force, duration, and occlusal unbalance between right and left arch. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean value of vertical distance in frontal plane in wide opening and closure was more in control subjects than in patients, but there was no difference for rotational angle. In right excursion, rotational angles were greater in patient group than in control group. 2. Comparison among the subjects by preferred chewing side did not reveal any significant difference, but comparison among patients by affected side showed more rotational amount in bilaterally affected patients than in unilaterally affected patients. 3. Comparison among the subjects by Angle's classification or lateral guidance pattern revealed no difference. There was also no difference between preferred chewing side and contralateral side, and between affected side and contralateral side. 4. Positive correlation in madibular rotational torque movements were observed among vertical distance, total horizontal rotation angle, electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis, tooth contact number, and tooth contact force but total frontal rotation angle almost did not show any correlation with other variables except vertical distance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2007

Purpose : This study is to determine effects of cane-shape which influenced on the change of muscle activation, gait component in hemiplegic patients caused by cerebrovascular accident. Methods : Twenty one stroke patients using T-shape cane(TCG) and twenty one stroke patients using I-shape cane(ICG) participated in this study. Surface electromyography(SEMG) of erector spinae, transvers abdominis, tibialis anterior, soleus of both side were measured during walking without cane and walking with cane. Results : The activation of tibialis anterior was significantly increased in affected side of ICG. The activation of tibialis anterior was significantly decreased in affected side of TCG. The activation of soleus was significantly increased in affected side of ICG. The activation of soleus was significantly decreased in affected side of TCG. The activation of erector spinae was significantly increased in nonaffected side of ICG and TCG. The activation of transvers abdominis was significantly increased in nonaffected side of ICG and TCG. Conclusion : From the finding of this study, it was suggested that I-shape cane increase weight bearing of affected side in hemiplegic patient. Therefore, I-shape cane can be applied to improve gait asymmetry of hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.855-861
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare a pelvic tilt angle between sound side and affected side in hemiplegic patients and the changing affected pelvic posterior tilt angle was measured at intervals of 3, 6, 9 weeks after Bobath approach. The subject for the study were 10 hemiplegic patients(mean age of 54.1 years)without orthopedic disability on pelvic bone. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. There was a significant difference in the pelvic tilt angle between sound side and affected side in hemiplegic patients. There was a significant difference in affected pelvic posterior tilt angle between pre-treatment and post-treatment(9 weeks).

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2009

This study investigated the irradiation pattern of muscles on the affected side in stroke patients after application of diagonal 2 extension (D2 ex) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in the unaffected upper extremity. Seven stroke patients participated. Electromyographic activities were recorded in the iliopsoas, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii were recorded by surface electrodes at rest, D2 ex with knee extension, and D2 ex with knee 90 flexion, normalized by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values. The medial frequencies of biceps brachii in both sides were also measured to compare muscle type recruited. %MVIC of biceps brachii and triceps brachii were significantly higher in D2 ex than at rest (p<.05). There was no difference in median frequency of biceps brachii between the affected and unaffected side (p>.05). This suggests that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation using D2 ex may improve muscle activities of the paretic side and that the irritation pattern of the affected side may respond to maintain body equilibrium according to movement of the sound side.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) approach on the spasticity of affected side in patients with hemiplegia. Three subjects with hemiplegia participated in this study. In single-subject research design (a multiple baseline across individuals) was employed in this study. The intervention program including PNF to the unaffected side was introduced for 30 minutes each day during each intervention phase. Muscle tone of affected side was measured with Tone Assessment Scale, and active hip abduction distance of affected side was taken with the subject supine. And then the muscle tone and the hip abduction distance were measured again 30 minutes later following the intervention. The results showed that the PNF application had some beneficial effects on both muscle tone and active hip abduction. This result suggest that PNF application to non-paretic limb can be effective in reducing muscle tone and improving hip abduction range on paretic limb in persons with hemiplegia. However, further research is needed to prove the effect of PNF application on functional improvement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2023

Purpose: In this study, based on the error augmentation, we performed walking training with increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the affected side (IRAS) and walking training with decreased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the unaffected side (DRAS). The purpose of this study was to verify whether motor learning was effective in improving balance ability. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation center. The subjects were divided into three groups: an IRAS group (10 subjects), a DRAS group (9 subjects), and control group (9 subjects). They received 30minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and walking training for 30minutes, five times a week for three weeks. Static and functional balance ability were measured before and after the training period. Static balance was measured by balancia software. Functional balance was measured by the timed up and go test (TUG) and the berg balance scale (BBS). Results: After the training periods, the IRAS group showed a significant improvement in TUG, BBS, area 95% COP, and weight distribution on the affected side when compared to both the DRAS group and control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to consider error augmentation methods of motor learning if rhythmic auditory stimulation is applied to stroke patients in clinical practice. If the affected side is shorter than the unaffected side, the affected side should be adjusted to the increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed, which is considered to be an effective intervention to improve balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the kinematic gait parameter of lower extremities with different gait conditions (level walking, stair, ramp) in hemiplegic patients. Methods: Ten hemiplegic patients participated in this study and kinematic data were measured using a 3D motion analysis system (LUKOtronic AS202, Lutz-kovacs-Electronics, Innsbruk, Austria). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way repeated measure of ANOVA in order to determine the difference of lower extremity angle at each gait phase with different gait conditions. Results: Affected degree of ankle joint in the heel strike phase showed significant difference between level walking and climbing stairs, and toe off phase showed significant difference between level walking and climbing stairs, ramps, and climbing stairs. Affected degree of knee joint showed no significant difference in all attempts. Affected degree of hip joint in the toe off phase showed significant difference between level walking, ramps and stairs, and climbing ramps. Swing phase showed significant difference between sides for level walking and stairs, climbing ramps. Affected ankle joint of heel strike and toe off, and affected hip joint of toe off and the maximum angle of swing phase in the angle was increased. Unaffected side of the ankle joint, knee joint, and hip joint showed a significant increase in walking phase. Conclusion: These findings indicate that compared with level walking, different results were obtained for joint angle of lower extremity when climbing stairs and ramps. In hemiplegia patient's climbing ramps, stairs, more movement was observed not only for the non-affected side but also the ankle joint of the affected side and hip joint. According to these findings of hemiplegic patients when climbing stairs or ramps, more joint motion was observed not only on the unaffected side but also on the affected side compared with flat walking.