• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of cerebral ischemia on affected(Lt) and unaffected(Rt) side of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle mass and determine the effect of exercise on affected and unaffected side on soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle mass during acute stage of stroke. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rate with 200-270g body weight were randomly divided into three groups: control, stroke, and exercise after stroke(St+Ex) group. The control group received sham operation and the stroke group and St+Ex group received transient right MCA(middle cerebral artery) occlusion operation. The St+Ex groups ran on a treadmill for 20min/day at 10m/min and $10^{\circ}$ grade for 6days. During the experimental period body weight and diet intake was measured every morning. On the 7th day after operation, muscles were dissected from both affected and unaffected side of hindlimb. Cerebral infarction of stroke and St+Ex groups were identified by staining with TCC for 30 minutes. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSSWIN 9.0 program. Significance was accepted at the level of p<0.05. The results were summarized follows : 1) There were no significant difference of the body weight on the first day of experiment among 3 groups. Whereas on the 7th day, the body weight of both stroke group and St+Ex group were significantly smaller than that of control group. Body weight of St+Ex group on the 7th day tended to be larger than that of stroke group. 2) Total diet intake of both stroke group and St+Ex group were also significantly smaller than that of control group. While total amount of diet intake in St+Ex group tended to be larger than that of stroke group. 3) The weight of gastrocnemius muscle of affected side in stroke group significantly decreased compared to that of control group and the weight of soleus and plantaris muscle of affected side in stroke group tended to decrease compared to that of control group. 4) The weight of plantaris muscle of unaffected side in stroke group significantly decreased compared to that of control group and the weight of soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of unaffected side in stroke group tended to decrease compared to those of control group. 5) The weight of gastrocnemius muscle of affected side in stroke group significantly decreased compared to that of unaffected side and there was no significant difference of the weight of soleus and plantaris muscle in stroke group between affected side and unaffected side. 6) The weight of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle of both affected side and unaffected side in St+Ex group had a tendency of increase compared to those of stroke group. The relative weight of soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of affected side and soleus muscle of unaffected side in St+Ex group had a tendency to increase compared to those of stroke group. Based on these results, exercise during acute stage of stroke might attenuate muscle atrophy of both affected and unaffected side of hindlimb muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the plantar pressure distribution between the affected and unaffected side in adult hemiplegia during gait with the use of a quad-cane. Methods: Thirty-four stroke patients from 34 to 83 years of age were enrolled in this study, and in random order, all patients were asked to walk at their most comfortable speed three times along a walkway with the use of quad-cane over a period of three days. Plantar pressure distribution was measured with regard to foot contact pattern and center of pressure (CoP) trajectories during the stance phase, progressing from heel-strike to toe-off. The F-scan system was used to compare the foot pressure of the affected and unaffected sides. Results: A significant reduction in the total contact area, the width of fore foot (FF) and hind foot (HF), and anterior/posterior (AP) CoP trajectory of the affected side was found. However, contact pressure of the hind foot on the affected side during walking increased when compared to that on the unaffected side. Conclusion: We demonstrated that plantar pressure distribution on the affected side of adult hemiplegia patients was generally poorer than that on the unaffected side when these patients walked with cane assistance. However, the use of a quad-cane was shown to increase contact pressure of the hind foot on the affected side because weight can be borne on the affected side during heel-strike with use of the cane.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare plantar pressure distribution between affected side and unaffected side and to analyze plantar pressure distribution of affected side according to the extent of hemineglect in the adult hemiplegia. Methods : Twenty-five hemiplegia participated in this study. The analysis of plantar pressure distribution was conducted by the F-scan system, and the extent of hemineglect was evaluated with line-bisection test. While the subject walked about 10 meters in their comfortable speed the plantar pressure was evaluated and stored. Results : Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory, contact pressure of mid-foot of the affected side were significantly different from the unaffected side. Total contact area, AP CoP trajectory and contact pressure of mid-foot were smaller than those of unaffected side. In the comparison among the group according to the extent of hemineglect, AP CoP trajectory of subject who has severe hemineglect was significantly different from the patient that has no hemineglect and it was shorter than that of no hemineglect. Conclusion : The plantar pressure distribution was generally different between affected side and unaffected side and the hemineglect affected negatively the patient to move CoP forwardly while walking. Accordingly, it will help the clinician to understand the hemineglect which has an effect on abnormal walking and to intervent the hemiplegia who has a neglection to the affected side.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

Purpose : This study aims to comparison of ultrasonography on both sides of biceps brachii muscle of hemiplegic patient. Methods : The biceps brachii muscle of fifteen subjects (5 male, 10 female) with stroke were scanned with ultrasonography at the muscle belly at rest at elbow angles of 90 deg. The echogenicity (density, white area index; WAI, anatomic cross-sectional area; ACSA, volume) of ultrasonography was examined. Results : In the biceps brachii muscle, there were significant differences of density, WAI, ACSA, and volume between affected side and non-affected side. biceps brachii muscle, echogenicity (density, WAI) of the affected side was higher than non-affected side. biceps brachii muscle, echogenicity (ACSA, volume) of the non-affected side was higher than affected side. Conclusion : This study showed that change of skeletal muscle architecture properties occurred biceps brachii muscle of the affected side muscle of hemiplegic patient.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare walking conditions (straight line and curved path) on walking patterns in persons who had experienced hemiplegic stroke and to determine whether if they adapt their walking pattern and performances according to changes in environmental conditions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-four hemiplegic stroke survivors participated in this study. This study measured walking performance in three different walking conditions, such as straight walking, the more-affected leg in the inner curve walking, and less-affected leg in the inner curve walking conditions, and a 2-dimentional gait analysis system was used as a primary measurement. This study also measured secondary clinical factors including the Timed Up-and-Go Test, the Trunk Impairment Scale, and the Dynamic Gait Index. Results: After analyzing, cadence and step length of the less-affected side, stride length in the more-affected side, and stride length in less-affected side were significantly different among the three different walking conditions in this study (p<0.05), but other temporospatial parameters were not significant. Cadence was the largest in the straight walking condition. Step length in the less-affected side, stride length in the more-affected side, and stride length in less-affected side were also the longest in the straight walking condition. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that hemiplegic stroke survivors show walking adaptability according to changes in walking demands and conditions, and moreover, cadence and step and stride lengths were significantly different between straight and curved walking conditions.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.609-622
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was l)to compare a pelvic tilt angle between sound side and affected side in hemiplegic patients, 2)to determine the difference of weight bearing and weight shifting between sound and affected lower extremity according to the pelvic tilt angle. The subject for the study were 40 hemiplegic patients(mean age of 55.6 years)without orthopedic disability on pelvic bone. The data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, Multiple comparison and Range. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in the pelvic tilt angle between sound side and affected side in hemiplegic patients(p<0.05). 2. There was a significant difference in the weight bearing value between sound and affected side in hemiplegic patients according to the posterior pelvic tilt angle(F = 12.43, df = 3/36, p<0.001). Therefore, the lesser the posterior pelvic tilt angle, the higher the weight bearing value on the affected side. 3. The lesser the posterior pelvic tilt angle, the higher the weight shifting value on the affected side. 4. There was a significant difference in weight bearing value between sound and affected side according to the grade spasticity(F = 3.61, df = 4/35, p<0.05). Therefore, the higher the grade spasticity, the lower the weight bearing value on affected side.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the moment and power of affected Side and those of unaffected side during gait in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Force plate ana kinetic gait analysis was used. The following is resulted from this study. 1. In the hip joint, moment values had not difference between affected side and unaffected side. Power values had difference between affected and unafected side. 2. In the knee joint, moment values and power values had difference between affected side and unaffected side. 3. In the ankle feint, moment and power values had not, difference between affected side and unaffected side.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rotation direction during curved walking on gait parameters in stroke patients. Methods: A group of thirty subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}41$ were fifteen, Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}40$ were fifteen) were enrolled in this study. Testing indications included two directions for rotation in each subject. These indications were for rotation toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The gait speed, affected side single support duration, affected side double support duration were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 40 points of Berg Balance Scale score. Results: There was significant increase affected side single support duration was turned the affected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}41$ (p<.05). There were significant increase gait speed, affected side single support duration, and significant decrease affected side double support duration while subjects were turned the affected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}40$ (p<.05). Conclusion: This result may be effective to rotate in the paralyzed direction to improve the ability of the paralyzed lower limb to gain weight during gait training for stroke patients with a Berg Balance Scale score<40. Therefore, walking training program for hemiplegic patient needs to be suggested in the direction of turning for suitable balance ability.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1992

This study was performed for the purpose of investigating the relation between width of temporomandibular joint space and craniofacial morphology in patients with CMDs. The subjects utilized here were aged from 16 to 63 years old and 19 male and 46 female. For the study, each patient was taken radiographs by Transcranial and Lateral Cephalographic projection and the films were traced with routine method. The measured items were anterior, superior, posterior joint space and relative condylar position to the deepest part of glenoid fossa in Transcranial film and items related vertical and/or horizontal growth in Cephalogram. The data were processed with SPSS/PC+ package for statistical analysis. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Anterior joint space in affected side were wider than that of unaffected side, but for superior and posterior joint space, the value of unaffected side were more than those of affected side. 2. Superior or posterior joint space of affected side were significantly correlated with items related vertical growth, such as ramus height, Jarabak ratio, FMA. From this, the following cold be proposed, the wider the joint space of superior or posterior aspect of affected side was, the more the patient showed growth pattern of counter clockwise. 3. Superior or posterior joint space of affected side were significantly correlated with items related horizontal growth, such as SNPo, NAPo, APDI and ANB. From this the following could be proposed, the wider the joint space of superior or posterior aspect of affected side was, the more the patient showed anterior displacement of mandible. 4. It would be proposed that the diagnositic value of superior and posterior joint space of affected side in transcranial radiograph was excellent.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of an arm sling on gait with hemiparesis. Methods: Fifteen patients(8 male, 7 female) with hemiparesis participated in this study and walked self-selected speed over 10m walkway, randomly without arm sling, with Single strap hemisling and Rolyan humeral cuff sling. It were filmed by 5 video camera and used with 3-dimensional motion analyzer system. The following gait variables were analyzed: temporo-spatial parameters, kinematic parameters. Results: In the comparison of temporo-spatial parameters each trial, walking velocity and single support time on affected side was significantly increased and step length on affected side, step length asymmetry ratio, single support time asymmetry ratio was significantly decreased in the Single strap hemisling and Rolyan humeral cuff sling. In the comparison of kinematic parameters each trial, maximal angle of the hip flexion on affected side was significantly increased in the Single strap hemisling and Rolyan humeral cuff sling and maximal angle of the knee flexion on affected side was significantly increased in the Rolyan humeral cuff sling and maximal angle of the ankle dorsiflexion on affected side was significantly increased in the Single strap hemisling. Conclusion: An arm sling improved walking velocity and decreased asymmetry and increased maximal angle of hip, knee, ankle flexion on affected side with hemiparesis caused by stroke.