• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 1992

비표면적이 다른 media를 이용한 호기성 고정생물막공법에서 유기물부하율을 변화시키면서, 유출수의 성상과 활성슬러지의 설계인자가 호기성 고정생물막송법에 적용가능한지를 조사하였다. 유출수의 수질은 낮은 유기물부하율에서는 유출수의 농도가 비표면적에 따라 크게 변화하지 않았으나, 높은 부하율에서는 변화폭이 매우 크게 나타나으며, 비표면적별 유출수 농도를 보면 비표면적이 큰 경우가 유출수 농도가 낮았으며, 유입수농도가 클수록 유출수의 농도차이도 더 크게 나타났다. 동력학적 계수를 산출하기 위해 활성슬러지 공법의 모델을 고정생물막 공법에 적용시켜 본 결과 실험조건에서 실측 미생물 생산량과 계산된 미생물 생산량과의 차이는 COD를 기준으로 하였을 때가 더 잘 일치함을 알았다.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1997

This research aims to develop biofilm process for the nutrient removal of piggery wastewater. The developed process is the four stage anoxic-oxic biofilm process with recirculation of the final effluent. In summery, the results are as follows: 1. Nitrification in the piggery wastewater built up nitrite because of the high strength ammonia nitrogen. The nitrification of nitrobacter by free ammonia was inhibited in the total ammonia nitrogen loading rate with more than 0.2 kgNH$_{3}$-N/m$^{3}$·d. 2. The maximal total ammonia nitrogen removal rate was obtained at 22$\circ $C and without being affected by the loading rate. But total oxidized nitrogen production rate was largely affected by loading rate. 3. Autooxidation by the organic limit was a cause of the phosphorus release in the aerobic biofilm process. But the phosphorus removal rate was 90 percent less than the influent phosphorus volumetric loading rate of above 0.1 kgP/m$^{3}$·d. Therefore, the phosphorus removal necessarily accompanied the influent loading rate. 4. On the anoxic-oxic BF process, the total average COD mass balance was approximately 67.6 percent. Under this condition, the COD mass removal showed that the cell synthesis and metabolism in aerobic reactor was 42.8 percent and that the denitrification in anoxic reactor was 10.7 percent, respectively.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)의 목적(目的)은 충전상(充塡床) 호기성(好氣性) 생물막공법(生物膜工法)의 반응속도론(反應速度論)을 구명(究明)하는 것으로서, 폭기(曝氣)되는 충전상(充塡床) 반응조(反應槽)에 합성폐수(合成廢水)를 주입(注入)함으로써 실험(實驗)이 수행(遂行)되었다. 유리구슬을 매질(媒質)로 채운 반응조(反應槽)의 공칭체류시간(公稱滯留時間)은 5시간(時間)이었으며, 반응조내(反應槽內)에서의 흐름형태는 소금용액을 사용한 추적자(追跡子) 실험(實驗) 결과(結果) 완전혼합형(完全混合形)이었음이 알려졌다. 연구결과(硏究結果)에 따르면 유기물(有機物) 용적부하(容積負荷)가 증가함에 따라 미생물막(微生物膜)의 성장(成長)에 의하여 반응구내(反應構內)에서의 미생물량(微生物量)이 증가함으로 F/M는 거의 일정(一定)한 값으로 유지(維持)되었다. 또한 충전상(充塡床) 호기성(好氣性) 생물막공법(生物膜工法)이 슬러지반송(返送)이 있는 완전혼합(完全混合) 활성(活性)슬러지 공법(工法)의 반응속도론(反應速度論)에 의하여 해석될 수 있음이 구명(究明)되었다.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 1995

This study was performed for minimization of excessive biofilm effects at the high strength organic wastewater treatment. As a results of biofilm attachment experiment using piggery wastewater, aggravation of water quality due to excessive biofilm showed after 15 days of operating times.4 excessive biofilm phase, the equivalent biofilm thickness and VSS contents per unit aura were observed in the range of 1,100 to $1,200{\mu}m$ and 2.5 to 3.0mg $VSS/cm^{2}$, respectively. In the aerobic fixed biofilm reactor/anoxic fixed biofilm reactor(AFBR/ANFBR) process with endogenous respiration phase, the BOD removal efficiency was obtained more than 90 percentage at the surface loading rate and volumetric loading rate of the AFBR maintained less than 17 g $BOD/m^{2}{\cdot}$day and 1.7kg $BOD/m^{3}{\cdot}$day, respectively. The removal efficiency of TKN and $NH_{3}$-N at the loading rates below 5.60g $NH_{3}-N/m^{2}{\cdot}day$ and 0.56kg $NH_{3}-N/m^{3}{\cdot}$day were above 76 percentage and 82 percentage, respectively. In order to reduced sludge production rate and aggravation of water quality, endogenous respiration phase was accepted at first AFBR reactor. As a results of this operating condition, sludge production was minimized and removal efficiency was maintained stability.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 1993

A mathematical model for organic removal efficiency was investigated in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor by changing the feed flow rate, the residence time and the recycle flow rate. In batch experiment, organic removal could be assumed as first order and an intrinsic first order rate constant(k1) was found $6.4{\times}^{-6}cm^3/mg{\cdot}sec$ at influent COD range of 3040 - 6620 mg/L. In continuous experiment, at the condition of the influent COD, 3040 mg/L, the superficial upflow velocity, 0.47 cm/sec, the biofilm thickness 336 ${\mu}m$ and the biofilm dry density 0.091 g/mL, the calculated COD removal efficiency from the mathematical model gave 60% which was very close to the observed value of 66 %. As the feed flow rate was increased, the COD removal efficiency was sharply decreased and at constant feed flow rate, the COD removal efficiency was decreased also as the residence time being decreased.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.84-91
• /
• 2004

Biological nutrient removal(BNR) from wastewater was performed by adopting various process configurations. The simultaneous biological organics, phosphorus and nitrogen removal of synthetic wastewater was investigated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). The other reactor was operating as a reference, without biofilm being added. The cycling time in SBR and SBBR was adjusted at 12 hours and then certainly included anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Both systems has been operated with a stable total organic carbon(TOC), nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance for over 90 days. Average removal efficiencies of TOC and total nitrogen were 83% and 95%, respectively. The nitrification rate in SBR was higher than that in SBBR. On the contrary, the denitrification rate in SBBR was higher than that in SBR. The phosphorus release was occurred in SBBR, however, not in SBR because of the inhibition effect of NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ .

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment efficiency, kinetics, and morphological characteristics of biofilm in upflow $Biobead^{(R)}$ process, a kind of biological aerated filter(BAF). The $Biobead^{(R)}$ system showed high removal rates of $COD_{Mn}$(76~83%), $BOD_5$(67~88%) and SS(71~91%) for food wastewater with high salt concentration ($>4,000mg/{\ell}$) under short reaction times(2~3hrs). Even at aerobic condition, the system had high treatment efficiency for both T-N (51~63%) and T-P(62~81%). The removal kinetics of $COD_{Mn}$, $BOD_5$, T-N, T-P, and $Cl^-$ in the $Biobead^{(R)}$ system showed a plug-flow pattern with reaction rate constants($hr^{-1}$) of 0.58, 0.63, 0,30, 0.48, and 0.38 respectively. A backwashing process to remove excess biomass and filtered solids was needed at least once during 22-hour operation at $0.5kg\;BOD\;m^{-3}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ loading. At the higher loading($1.0kg\;BOD\;m^{-3}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) the backwashing interval was shorten by 8 hours. The COD, BOD, T-N, and T-P were removed from 43 to 66% only by aerobic biodegradation. The SS was removed over 70% by the filtering of $Biobead^{(R)}$ media in the treatment system. The first one of three serial Biobead reactors showed the highest removal values for $COD_{\alpha}$(52.3%), $COD_{Mn}$(38.8%), BOD(62.5%), and T-N(40.0%). The SS and T-P had the highest removal values(47.5% and 29.2%) at the second one of the serial reactors. The biofilm had non-homogeneous spatial distribution and the colonies were embedded in the sunk area of the Biobead. The thickness of the biofilm was very thin ($5.0{\sim}29.4{\mu}m$) compared to the biofilm thickness($200{\sim}300{\mu}m$) used in other BAF systems.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.514-520
• /
• 2000

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of ammonia and organic compounds-containing wastewater were performed in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor with polysulfone(PS) hollow fiber as a double layer biomass carrier. The PS hollow fiber fragment has both aerobic and anoxic environments for the nitrifiaction and denitrification at the shell and lumen-side respectively. The reactor system showed about 80% nitrification efficiency stably throughout the ammonia load conditions applied in the experiment. Denitrification efficiency depended on organic load and C/N ratio. High free ammonia concentration and low dissolved oxygen resulted in nitrite accumulation which leads to enhance organic carbon efficiency in denitrification when compared to nitrate denitrification. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reactor system has an economic advantages in reduced chemical cost of organic carbon for denitrification as well as compact reactor configuration.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the biofilm reactors capable of doing high efficiency treatment. Vertical fluidized bed biofilm reactor(VFBBR) and spiral fluidized bed biofilm reactor(SFBBR) was used for their performence in biodegradation of artificial sewage. The factors influencing the efficiency of those reactors were compared with difference of physical condition. They had same size but different structure to gain access of its unique characteristics. When recycle solution with flow rate of 22 mL/min and artificial sewage with flow rate of 2~10 mL/min were fed into two reactors in aerobic state, the average $COD_{cr}$, removal rate for biodegradation of SFBBR was greater than VFBBR. After reactor feed sewage was constantly maintained as flow rate of 4 mL/min and the recycle solution were changed to 10~32 mL/min respectively, the average $COD_{cr}$ removal rate of artificial sewage in SFBBR was greater than VFBBR. In this experiment for addition of support media into two reactors SFBBR was 4.1% excellent than VFBBR. Above all, SFBBR excelled VFBBR in boidegradation of organic matter in sewage.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2007

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)는 $NH_4^+-N$을 $NO_2^--N$으로 산화시키며, 생물학적 질산화 단계에서 율속 단계로 작용하기 때문에 중요한 미생물이다. AOB의 성장은 용존산소, 온도, pH 등의 환경 인자에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 DO 농도가 AOB에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 세라믹 메디아가 충전된 4개의 호기성 생물막 반응기의 DO 농도를 각각 1, 3, 5, 7 mg/L로 운전하였다. 운전결과, 5 mg/L 이상에서 안정적인 질산화 효율을 얻을 수 있었다. AOB의 특성을 조사하기 위해 AOB의 16S rRNA와 amoA gene을 target으로 PCR을 이용한 DGGE와 cloning을 실시하였으며, 이들의 활성을 조사하기 위해 INT-DHA를 측정하였다. DO 농도 변화에 따른 각 반응기별 질산화 효율에 차이가 있었음에도 불구하고, DGGE 및 cloning 결과, AOB 군집 및 Nitrosomonas sp.의 비율의 변화는 거의 없었다. DO 농도가 감소함에 따라 AOB의 활성도가 감소한다는 것을 INT-DHA 측정으로 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 DO 농도는 AOB 군집의 변화 보다는 활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.