• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

In order to compare the extraction patterns of main components from the raw material between the extraction methods, the aerial parts (dried stem, leaves, and flowers) of Agastache rugosa were extracted by SDE simultaneous steam distillation & extraction) and SFE (supercritical fluid extraction). Volatile components of essential oil and extract were identified by GC and GC-MSD. The contents of essential oil extracted by SDE were 0.49% in aerial part of Agastache rugosa on dry basis. Major components were methyl chavicol(27.2%), isomenthone(24.6%), hexadecanoic acid(13.0%). menthone (5.5%) among 32 kinds of components confirmed in essential oil. On the other hand, the contents of SFE extracts revealed 3.21% on dry basis, 6 times higher than those of SDE. Major components were isomenthone(15.3%), hexadecanoic acid(13.7%), methyl chavicol(12.6%), benzoic acid(3.8%) among 33 kinds of components identified in extract.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권12호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 항공 영상을 이용한 통합된 비행체의 위치 추정기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 항법 변수 추정 시스템은 상대위치 추정과 절대위치 추정 두 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 상대위치 추정 기법은 연속된 두 영상의 상대적 움직임을 추정하고 이것을 누적함으로써 현재의 위치를 추정한다. 이러한 단순한 누적 방법으로 비행이 진행됨에 따라 오차가 점차 증가하게 된다. 그러므로 상대위치 추정 부분에서 발생하는 오차를 줄일 수 있는 절대위치 추정기법이 필요하다. 본 논문의 절대위치 추정기법은 영상정합과 DEM (Digital Elevation Model) 정보를 이용하는 방법으로 구성되어 있다. 영상정합을 위하여 robust oriented Hausdorff measure (ROHM)을 사용하였으며 DEM 정합을 위하여 여러 장의 영상 쌍을 사용하는 알고리듬을 이용하였다. 네 개의 항공영상을 이용한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 방법의 효율성을 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify the effect of mixed bed soil on growth of aerial parts and root zone of daughter plants for nursery field strawberry seedling raising with expanded chaff. The plant height and leaf area of daughter plants were highest or largest in the mixed soil of ERH +RH (100:0, v/v), followed by ERH+RH (75:25). The higher the mixing ratio of RH, the shorter the plant height or the smaller the leaf area. A similar tendency was observed in fresh weight. Within a root diameter of 0-0.4 mm and a root height range of 0.4-0.8 mm, root surface area and volume were statistically significantly better with treatment of ERH+RH (100:0, v/v) compared to those of roots treated with ERH+RH (75:25), ERH+RH (50:50) and ERH+RH (25:75). The growth rate of aerial parts and root zone of daughter plants were noticeably lower in two mixing ratios of 50:50 and 25:75. According to the mixing ratios of ERH+CD surface treatment, the number of roots was greatest in plants treated with ERH+CD (80:20, v/v) and ERH+CD (85:15) on August 1. However, the number of roots was highest in plants treated with ERH+CD (85:15, v/v) on August 15. Root length was longest in the plant with no treatment, and drastically shortened from ERH+CD (90:10, v/v) in both surface and mixed treatment. Although root weight showed a significant difference in ERH+CD (90:10, v/v) treatment, its increase was gradual. The rate of root growth was highest in ERH+CD (85:15). These study findings suggest that the content ratios of mixed soil ERH+RH (75:25, v/v) or below and ERH+CD (85:15) are thought to be desirable for the production of high quality seedlings.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 퉁퉁마디 지상부를 70% 메탄올로 추출한 후, 이에 대해 용매분획하여 얻은 Fr.H, Fr.E, Fr.EA, Fr.B, 및 Fr.W, 5분획의 산화방지 효과, ROS 생성효과, 세포독성 효과 및 관련 기작에 대한 기능성을 검토하였다. 이 중 Fr.EA가 가장 높은 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 성분 함량을 나타내었으며 Fr.B가 이어서 높은 함량을 보였다. Fr.EA는 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 및 아질산이온의 소거에 있어서도 다른 분획들보다 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 특히 아질산이온의 소거에 가장 뛰어난 활성을 보였다. 리놀레산 지질과산화 시스템에서는 Fr.EA와 Fr.B가 강한 산화억제 활성을 나타내었으며, 이들의 라디칼 소거능은 물론 $Fe^{2+}$에 대한 킬레이트 효과가 지방질산화에 대한 억제기작으로 작용하는 것으로 생각된다. Fr.EA 및 Fr.E가 HCT-116 대장암 세포 및 INT-407 정상장관계 세포에 대해 높은 세포독성을 유발하였으며, 특히 Fr.EA는 HCT-116 대장암 세포에 대해 정상 장관계세포보다 유의적으로 강한 세포독성을 나타내었다. 퉁퉁마디 지상부 분획들은 세포 내에서는 ROS를 감소시키는 산화방지효과를 나타낸 반면 배양액 중에서는 $H_2O_2$를 생성하는 산화촉진 효과도 나타내었으며, Fr.EA와 항산화제인 ascorbic acid 및 N-acetylcysteine 을 같이 세포에 처리하였을 때 세포 독성이 유의적으로 증가하는 현상을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 퉁퉁마디 지상부 분획의 산화방지 및 산화촉진 효과와 세포독성 효과를 보고하였으며, 향후 계속적인 연구를 통해 기능성 소재로서의 퉁퉁마디의 이용성 확대가 지속될 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

Background: Although the aerial parts of hydroponic Panax ginseng are reported to contain higher contents of total ginsenosides than those of roots, the isolation and identification of active metabolites from the aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng have not been carried out so far. Methods: The aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginseng were applied on repeated silica gel and octadecylsilane columns to yield four glycosyl glycerides (Compounds 1-4), which were identified based on nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for inhibition activity on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results and conclusion: The glycosyl glycerides were identified to be (2S)-1-O-7(Z),10(Z),13(Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (1), (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (2), (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-2-O-linolenoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (3), and 2(S)-1-O-linoleoyl-2-O-linoleoyl-3-O-${\beta}$-$\small{D}$-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate inhibition activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells [half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$): $63.8{\pm}6.4{\mu}M$ and $59.4{\pm}6.8{\mu}M$, respectively] without cytotoxicity at concentrations < $100{\mu}M$, whereas Compounds 3 and 4 showed good inhibition effect ($IC_{50}$: $7.7{\pm}0.6{\mu}M$ and $8.0{\pm}0.9{\mu}M$, respectively) without cytotoxicity at concentrations < $20{\mu}M$. All isolated compounds showed reduced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in LPS-induced macrophage cells with strong inhibition of mRNA activity observed for Compounds 3 and 4.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective activity of flavonol glycosides rich fraction (F-2), prepared from 70% alcohol extract of the aerial parts of V calcarata Desf., was evaluated in a rat model with a liver injury induced by daily oral administration of $CCl_4$ (100 mg/kg, b.w) for four weeks. Treatment of the animals with F-2 using a dose of (25 mg/kg, b.w) during the induction of hepatic damage by $CCl_4$ significantly reduced the indices of liver injuries. The hepatoprotective effects of F-2 significantly reduced the elevated levels of the following serum enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The antioxidant activity of F-2 markedly ameliorated the antioxidant parameters including glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma catalase (CAT) and packed erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to be comparable with normal control levels. In addition, it normalized liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and creatinine concentration. Chromatographic purification of F-2 resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides that rarely occur in the plant kingdom, identified as quercetin-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (5) and kaempferol-3,5-di-O-$\beta$-D-diglucoside (4) in addition to the three known compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnosyl- (${\rightarrow}6$)-$\beta$-D-glucoside [rutin, 3], quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [isoquercitrin, 2] and kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside [astragalin, 1]. These compounds were identified based on interpretation of their physical, chemical, and spectral data. Moreover, the spectrophotometric estimation of the flavonoids content revealed that the aerial parts of the plant contain an appreciable amount of flavonoids (0.89%) calculated as rutin. The data obtained from this study revealed that the flavonol glycosides of F-2 protect the rat liver from hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ through inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by $CCl_4$ reactive free radicals.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the selected chemical properties of soils in Saururus chinensis Baill (Chinese lizard's tail) cultivation fields to provide optimal fertilizer application rates and to examine the growth and pharmaco-consitituents of Saururus chinensis Baill as influenced by different amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications. Based on the results of selected soil chemical properties in 37 cultivation sites of the plant, soil pH, organic matter content, and exchangeable $K^{+}$ concentration were lower than optimal values for cultivating general medicinal crops even though relatively high standard deviations were found in some of the values. At the harvesting stage of the plant aerial parts, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available $P_2O_5$, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$ decreased as comparing with those before transplanting the plant, whereas the concentration of exchangeable $K^{+}$ increased in the plot treated with N 100% and compost. Fresh weight of the plant aerial parts were highest, 492.5kg/10, in the N 100% treatment plot. Correlation equation between N levels treated (X) and yield of the plant aerial parts (Y) presented as $Y=-2.1609X^2+30.082X+344.12$($R^2= 0.7113$) and the optimal rate of N fertilizer application for the plant was 6.6kg/10a. Carbon concentrations in the plant were not different among the different N levels applied. N and K concentrations in the plant were highest in the plot of N 100% with compost applications, the highest P concentration was in N 100% plot, and the highest Ca and S concentrations were in N 200% plot. Quercetin and quercitrin were highest in the N 150% plot and tannin was highest in N 100% or N 100% with compost application plot.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2020

알코올성 간손상을 유발한 마우스 모델에서 새싹인삼 지상부 추출물(HGE)의 간 보호 효과를 확인하였다. 알코올성 간손상 모델은 25% 알코올을 마우스에 5 g/kg의 농도로 경구 투여하여 이루어졌고, HGE를 투여한 군에는 알코올을 투여하기 3일전부터 경구투여를 시작하여 10일간 마우스 개체 당 4와 12 mg/kg의 농도로 경구투여 하였다. HGE를 투여한 그룹에서는 알코올만 처리한 대조군에 비해 AST 및 ALT 수치가 농도의존적으로 낮아진 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 간손상에 의해 증가된 LDH 수치는 대조군과 유사하게 감소하였다. 새싹인삼 지상부 추출물로 부터 ginsenoside F5, F3, F1, 및 F2의 정량분석 결과는 각각 2.5, 4.4, 1.4, 및 23.3 mg/g으로 확인하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.42-44
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• 1998

Aromatic esters named benzyl-2,6-dimethoxy and benzyl-2,3,5,6-tetramethoxybenzoates along with previously reported compounds were isolated from aerial parts of Blainvillea latifolia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.589-591
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• 2000

Six benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, corynoline (1), acetylcorynoline (2), corynoloxine (3), luguine (4), 6-oxocorynoline (5), and 12-hydroxycorynoloxine (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis incisa, and 6 was isolated for the first time from nature. The structure was elucidated by NMR techniques.