• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2006년도 Proceedings of The Convention of The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• pp.51-66
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• 2006

The field of cytochrome P450 pharmacogenomics has progressed rapidly during the past 25 years. Recently, conjugating enzymes including sulfotransferase, acetyltransferase, glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione transferase have been also extensively studied. All the major human drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes and some conjugating enzymes have been identified and cloned, and the major gene variants that cause inter-individual variability in drug response and are related to adverse drug reactions have been identified. This information now provides the basis for the use of predictive pharmacogenomics to yield drug therapies that are more efficient and safer. Today, we understand which drugs warrant dosing based on pharmacogenomics to improve drug treatment. It is anticipated that genotyping could be used to personalize drug treatment for vast numbers of subjects, decreasing the cost of drug treatment and increasing the efficacy of drugs and health in general. It is assumed that such personalized P450 gene-based treatment which is so-called tailor(order)-made drug therapy would be relevant for 10-20% of all drug therapy in the future.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2016

Dermal fillers are generally accepted as safe and well-tolerable cosmetic tools. However, adverse reactions have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of atypical facial filler granuloma and compare its histologic features with those of the classic paraffinoma.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

Pharmacogenomics is the study that examines how genetic variations affect the ways in which people respond to drugs. The ways people respond to drugs are complex traits that are influenced by many different genes. Pharmacogenomics intends to develop rational means of optimizing drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to maximize efficacy with minimal adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine, and promises to usher in an area of personalized medicine, in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Indeed, pharmacogenomics is exploited as an essential step for target discovery and drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of the personalized medicine is to get the right dose of the right drug to the right patient at the right time. In this article, we will review the use of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and development.

• 전기의세계
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1980

The effect of electric shock on human body is enormousness, which leads to warmth, tingling, and even death. The mean values of perception currents obtained on 91 men and 39 women are about 0.77(mA) for men and 0.57(mA) for women. The mean value for women is approximately seven tenths that of men. An individual can tolerate, with no adverse effects, repeated exposure to the reactions associated with currents of his let-go level, and the mean value of let-go currents obtained from 27 normal men is 6.29(mA). Lethal currents flowing human body is very dangerous even for a short time. So, it is necessary to have recourse to animal experiments ot determine lethal current for human. An analysis of experimental data indicates that body weight and shock duration are important factors in determining the lethal current. It is suggested that the relationship between current and shock duration is given by I=K/.root.T, and lethal current is proportional to body weight, where I is the current in milliampere, and T is the time in seconds.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1998

Clinicians can use therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) to optimise dosage decisions with psychotropic drugs, in order to maximize efficacy and prevent toxicity, especially when individuals are nonresponsive to treatment or vulnerable to adverse reactions with standard doses because age, disease states or drug interactions. Currently, therapeutic drug concentrations have been established for the TCA and lithium. There is also evidence for the usefulness of TDM with carbamazepine, valproic acid and some antipsychotic drugs. However for most psychotropic drugs this approach remains experimental. TDM-assisted psychiatric treatment is potentially useful and cost effective, particularly when applied by psychiatrists who are knowledgeable of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.318-326
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• 2007

The elderly are more likely to have chronic medical conditions that require multiple drug therapies. Purposes of this study are to reveal necessity of elderly patient education by pharmacists, and to induce appropriate policy. We carried out literature research. Taking several drugs together increases risk of drug interactions and adverse reactions. We suggest that pharmacists have the legal authority to monitor prescription for efficient drug management, pharmacovigilance system be efficiently operated, and medication education fee be provided to allow pharmacists give more time to the elderly.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1998

Mood disorder is a medical illness resulting from the disorder of CNS neurotransmission and its principal therapeutic tool is pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapeutic drugs for mood disorder have some clinical limitations which are due to no or partial response, decreased compliance for drug by the side effects, and delayed therapeutic effects. So, general hope of all clinicians that mood diorder will respond to a single psychotherapeutic agent may be the exception rather than the rule. Recently, combined drug treatments have become increasingly popular to overcome the clinical limitations of individual agent in mood disorder. Combined treatments are usually used for augmenting or initiating rapidly the effect of drug, and for treating different target symptoms or drug side effects. When combined treatments being tried, knowledge of the action mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics is crucial to cope with the possible adverse reactions of drugs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2009

This study examined the efficacy of apitoxin for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Ten dogs with otitis externa were allocated randomly to two groups. The control group was treated with the susceptible antibiotics and the experimental group was injected with apitoxin into the tragus subcutaneously. There were no significant differences in the clinical scores, blood WBC counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios between the control and experimental groups. By 2 weeks, the bacterial cell counts were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control (p < 0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in any of the dogs during the study. This suggests that a topical injection of apitoxin is an effective treatment for otitis externa in dogs.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2006

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the treatment of choice for many autoimmune neuropathic disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory Demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). IVIg is preferred because the adverse reactions are milder and fewer than the other immune-modulating methods such as steroid, other immunosuppressant such as azathioprine, and plasmapheresis. IVIg also has been used in other autoimmune neuromuscular disorders (inflammatory myopathy, myasthenia gravis, and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome) and has been known as safe and efficient agent in these disorders. Since IVIg would get more indications and be used more commonly, clinicians need to know the detailed mechanism of action, side effects, and practical points of IVIg.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.814-815
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• 2006

The removal of oxygen during sintering by carbothermic reduction was studied for steel compacts Fe-Cr-Mo-C and Fe-Mo-C prepared from prealloyed powders. The compacts were prepared by pressing at 600 and 1000 MPa and sintering at 1100 and $1300^{\circ}C$ in vacuum. It showed that for the Cr-Mo steel, deoxidation strongly depends on the sintering temperature, in contrast to the plain Mo steel; at $1300^{\circ}C$ very low oxygen levels were measured with the standard density compact while at high density still significant oxygen is contained. This indicates inhibition of final deoxidation by pore closure, but apparently without adverse effect on the mechanical properties.