• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2006

Strong oxidizing biocides are commonly used to control biofilm formation in alkaline papermaking systems. However, paper streams contain many substances that react with or consume oxidizers (e.g., fiber and starch, Therefore, to achieve effective microbiological control, the oxidizer must be overfed to overcome the effect of these substances. When dosed in this manner, the oxidizer can cause many unwanted reactions and adverse side effects, including the consumption of costly papermaking additives increased corrosion rates, and reduced felt life. Some oxidizers also contribute to the formation of halogenated organic compounds. When used for biofilm control, strong oxidizers can cause more problems than they remedy. A patented biocide that effectively controls biofilm without the adverse side effects associated with strong oxidizing biocides is available from Hercules. $Spectrum^{(R)}$ XD3899 Ammonium Bromide Technology, which can be described as a mild oxidizer, is currently used on more than 300 machines globally and has resulted in numerous production and/or machine efficiency records since its introduction in 2001.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.153-156
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• 2014

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is an unpredictable and severe adverse drug reaction. In toxic epidermal necrolysis, epidermal damage appears to result from keratinocyte apoptosis. This condition is triggered by many factors, principally drugs such as antiepileptic medications, antibiotics (particularly sulfonamide), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allopurinol, and nevirapine. Lamotrigine has been reported potentially cause serious cutaneous reactions, and concomitant use of valproic acid with lamotrigine significantly increases this risk. We describe a case of an 11-year-old girl with tic and major depressive disorders who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after treatment with lamotrigine, and who was diagnosed both clinically and pathologically. Children are more susceptible to lamotrigine-induced rash than adults, and risk of serious rash can be lessened by strict adherence to dosing guidelines. Unfortunately, in our case, the patient was administered a higher dose than the required regimen. Therefore, clinicians should strictly adhere to the dose regimen when using lamotrigine, especially in children.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2008

These day, herbal drugs have been widely used in all over the world, as primary therapeutics or supplements for treating various diseases. Herbal drugs are generally regarded as non-toxic due to their natural origin and long history traditionally used without serious adverse reactions. However, plenty warnings have been reported, particularly about the potential hepatotoxicity of herbal products. This report would be helpful for understanding theory of toxicology and prevent from herbal drug-derived hepatotoxicity in Oriental medicinal field.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2019

Although rare, antihistamines can cause adverse effects, including drug-induced eruptions or anaphylaxis. A 4-year-old child visited the pediatric department of a hospital for skin eruptions after administration of antihistamines, (e.g., ucerax [hydroxyzine] or leptizine [levocetirizine]), for cholinergic rashes; he did not have pruritus. Skin prick, intradermal, and drug provocation tests were performed to determine the relationship between the antihistamines and eruptions. Levocetirizine induced wheals in the skin prick test and a rash in the oral drug provocation test. In contrast, ketotifen induced no reaction in the skin prick test but showed a positive reaction in the oral provocation test. Our case report highlights that children can experience the same types of adverse reactions as seen in adults, and cross-reactivity between various antihistamines can occur.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.583-587
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• 2021

Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic (LA) agent in various dental as well as oral and maxillofacial procedures. Although rare, adverse effects and allergic reactions to lidocaine have been reported. In patients with suspected allergy to LA or a history of such reaction, careful history-taking and allergy testing should be performed to choose an alternative LA agent to avoid any adverse effects. Here, we present two cases of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to lidocaine, wherein the patients presented with erythema, edema, and itching. Intradermal testing confirmed allergic reaction to lidocaine, and the patients underwent successful dental treatment using an alternative LA agent. This report highlights the importance of allergy testing prior to LA use considering the serious consequences of allergy to these agents and describes the management of such patients using an alternative LA agent.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.256-260
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• 2016

An association between drug treatment for viral infections and severe cutaneous adverse reactions has been noted. We investigated six patients diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) after being prescribed acetaminophen for suspected viral illnesses. Multiplex analysis was performed to measure cytokine levels in sera before and after treatment. IL-2Ra levels significantly decreased during the convalescence phase. Although acetaminophen is relatively safe, the drug can trigger SJS/TEN in patients with suspected viral infections. T-cells and monocytes may be key components of the link between viral infection and acetaminophen-induced SJS/TEN.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2012

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a global problem of major concern in health care. ADRs can be accrued in any organs or systems. However, cardiovascular ADRs could be a more serious problem if they are irreversible or severe. For this reason, this study was conducted to analyze pattern and severity of cardiovascular ADRs, and suspicious medication. Total 646 reports including cardiovascular ADRs reported to the KFDA between January and June 2010 were analyzed. Amlodipine besylate (36 reports, 3.3%), iopromide (29 reports, 2.7%), tramadol HCl (28 reports, 2.6%) were most suspicious drugs that occurred cardiovascular ADRs. The most common cardiovascular ADRs were hypotension( 236 reports, 33.1%), palpitation (134 reports, 18.8%), and hypertension (89 reports, 12.5%). The most frequent ADRs were occurred in the age group of more than 60. This result could be of help to prescribers and other healthcare providers to predict and prevent cardiovascular ADRs. Also this study suggested that patients with cardiovascular ADR risk factors should be intensively monitored during the medications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.448-450
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• 2014

Nefopam, a centrally acting analgesic, has been used to control postoperative pain. Reported adverse effects are anticholinergic, cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric. Neurologic adverse reactions to nefopam are confusion, hallucinations, delirium and convulsions. There are several reports about fatal convulsive seizures, presumably related to nefopam. A 71-year-old man was admitted for surgery for a lumbar spinal stenosis. He was administered intravenous analgesics : ketorolac, tramadol, orphenadrine citrate and nefopam HCl. His back pain was so severe that he hardly slept for several days; he even needed morphine and pethidine. At 4 days of administration of intravenous analgesics, the patient suddenly started generalized tonic-clonic seizures for 15 seconds, and subsequently, status epilepticus; these were not responsive to phenytoin and midazolam. After 3 days of barbiturate coma therapy the seizures were controlled. Convulsive seizures related to nefopam appear as focal, generalized, myoclonic types, or status epilepticus, and are not dose-related manifestations. In our case, the possibility of convulsions caused by other drugs or the misuse of drugs was considered. However, we first identified the introduced drugs and excluded the possibility of an accidental misuse of other drugs. Physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of unpredictable and serious convulsions when using nefopam.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

This study was aimed to provide the controlled terminology for adverse drug reactions by selecting an appropriate internationally standardized classifications (WHO-ART or MedDRA). We collected the relevant information on ADR terminology systems including WHO-ART and MedDRA by online searching and visiting pharmaceutical companies and WHO UMC (Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden). For MedDRA, project leader directly communicated with the officer of MSSO (Maintenance and Support Services Organization). Collecting all the pertinent information, two possible terminology classifications or systems (WHO-ART and MedDRA) were compared in the views of acceptability, cost-effectiveness and international feasibility and reviewed by the consultation committee and finally WHO-ART was selected.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Bee venom (BV) has long been used in traditional Eastern and Western medicine for chronic inflammation, pain and skin therapy. Human exposure to BV, however, often causes unwanted adverse effects and is even fatal in some cases. Phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) of BV is now suspected to play a key role in these adverse effects. We investigated the potential use of $PLA_2$-free bee venom (PBV) as a replacement for BV in cosmetic products. PBV prepared by molecular weight cut-off ultrafiltration exhibits a superior profile in comparison with regular BV, by inhibiting elastase activity and suppressing the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while retaining the effects of cell proliferation and protection against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in human dermal fibroblast cells. PBV thus appears to be more promising than BV as a cosmetic ingredient with a reduced potential for adverse reactions in the recipient.