• 제목/요약/키워드: Adult stage

검색결과 753건 처리시간 0.032초

성인남성의 금연동기 영향요인 (Influencing Factors on Smoking Cessation Motivation of Adult Males)

  • 윤영미;양은경;신성례
    • 성인간호학회지
    • /
    • 제24권5호
    • /
    • pp.520-530
    • /
    • 2012
  • Purpose: This research analyzed the different factors that influenced smoking cessation motivation. Methods: Subjects were both current and past male adult smokers. Data collection was conducted in four small businesses in Seoul and one public enterprise in Gyeonggi-Province from December 10, 2011 to January 30, 2012. Reasons for Quitting (RFQ) scale which was developed by Curry et al. was used for data collection. There were 350 participants and 324 (93%) questionnaires were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Participant's level of motivation varied by present smoking, quit attempt, smoking cessation counseling, level of nicotine dependence, stages of smoking cessation, and types of smoking. Participant's drinking pattern, smoking cessation counseling, social seeking type (G) and stages of smoking cessation had a 13% explanatory power for being motivated to stop smoking. Conclusion: For participants who drink alcohol regularly, who do not participate in smoking cessation counseling and those who are in the pre-contemplation stage for smoking cessation are candidates for future smoking cessation intervention programs or smoking cessation motivation programs.

풀무치(Locusta migratoria)의 난소 및 알 발육 특성 (Developmental Characteristics of Ovary and Egg of Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae))

  • 곽규원;고현진;김선영;이경용;윤형주
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
    • /
    • 제60권2호
    • /
    • pp.175-183
    • /
    • 2021
  • 식용 및 사료용 곤충으로 활용되는 풀무치에 대한 기초 연구로서 발육 단계별 난소 및 알 발육 특성을 조사하였다. 난소발육을 조사한 결과, 풀무치는 1쌍의 난소와 90개 이상의 무영양실형 난소소관을 가지고 있었다. 난소 길이는 5령 약충보다 성충시기가 더 길었다. 성충 1일째 난소길이는 5령 1일보다 약 2.5배 길었다. 난소 길이는 성충 30일까지 증가한 후, 성충 35일부터 감소되었다. 난소소관 길이는 난소 길이의 1/2 정도로, 역시 난소 길이와 같은 경향을 보였다. 난소 및 난소소관 길이는 체중과 비례적인 상관관계가 있었다. 난소소관의 수는 94-104개로 성충 30일이 총 104개로 가장 많았고 35일부터 감소하였다. 성숙란 수 역시 성충 15일부터 확인할 수 있었고, 성충 30일이 50.6개로 가장 많았다. 수정낭의 크기는 또한 발육 단계에 따라 영향을 받았다. 난괴에서 알을 분리하여 산란 후 일별로 발육 특성을 조사한 결과, 산란 4일부터 무게 및 알의 크기가 급격하게 증가하였고, 산란 후 7일부터는 변화의 폭이 거의 없었다. 산란 7일부터 몸체의 구분이 가능했으며, 산란 10일에 부화되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 풀무치의 난소발육은 성충 30일이 가장 좋았고, 산란 10일경에 풀무치 1령 약충이 우화하는 것으로 판단된다.

성인여성용 브래지어원형 개발 연구(제1보) -75A 치수를 중심으로- (A Study on the Development of Basic Brassiere Pattern for Adult Women -focusing on size 75A-)

  • 박은미;손희순
    • 한국의류학회지
    • /
    • 제25권4호
    • /
    • pp.719-730
    • /
    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to develop the basic patterns of adult womens brassiere therewith, provide for some basic data useful to the brassiere manufacturing which are both functional and fitting. For this purpose, 220 adults women(aged between 20 and 59) were sampled to be measured for their body sizes and tested for their brassiere wearing. The collected data were statistically processed using the SAS 6.12 for Means, Standard Deviation, etc. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. In order to develop the basic patterns of adult womens brassieres, 75A size was selected out of 12 size combination(3 women per 75A size) and then, their brassiere fitting was tested. As a result, the fronts of the basic patterns were found to have such problems as undone front center, poor levelling of upper cups bottom line or lower cups top line, poor shape of upper cups outside top line and shoulder strip position. On the other hand, n the rear side of the basic patterns, the central part of the wing was slightly lifted, while the wing width and straps interval did not befit the full-cup brassiere. The result of this first brassiere fitting test showed that the functionality and aesthetics of the basic pattern brassieres were more or less satisfactory, and thus, the problems were address for the second test. In the second test, the aesthetics, breast-shaping effect and functionality of the basic pattern brassieres were much improved. 2. The basic patterns of adult womens brassieres were characterized by a round cup wired as well as a full cup embracing the entire breasts. Each basic pattern which consisted of upper and lower cups was shaped \"straight(-)\". The basic sizes adopted at the first design stage (see fig. 1-2) was 75A of which was designed as upper foundation basic pattern. At the second stage, the upper body foundation pattern were used to design lower cup, upper cup, front panel and wing in their order.(see fig. 3-5, fig. 8)5, fig. 8)

  • PDF

무당개구리 (Bombina orientalis Boulenger) 皮膚 赤色素細胞 (Erythrophore)의 分化에 관한 電子顯微鏡的 硏究 (Electron Microscopic Study of the Cutaneous Erythrophore Differentiation in Bombina orientalis)

  • 문명진;김우갑;김창환
    • 한국동물학회지
    • /
    • 제27권3호
    • /
    • pp.165-176
    • /
    • 1984
  • 무당개구리 (Bombina orientalis Boulenger) 腹皮의 赤色 發現에 관여하는 赤色素細胞의 分化 過程을 電子顯微鏡으로 관찰하였다. 成體에서 관찰되는 赤色素細胞의 전형적인 구조는, 주위의 電子密度가 내부보다 낮은 多量의 carotenoid 顆粒들과, 불규칙한 膜狀, 纖維狀 EH는 同心圓狀의 lamella 構造를 가지는 小量의 pterinosome들이 腹皮의 基低膜을 따라 뻗어있는 赤色素細胞의 突起 속에 치밀하게 채워진 形態를 하고 있다. 分化된 最初의 赤色素細胞는 變態期의 前肢 출현시기를 전후하여, 外膜이 없고 電子密度가 낮은 carotenoid 顆粒이 뭉쳐져 있는 狀態로 나타나며 pterinosome은 관찰되지 않는다. 腹皮의 赤色이 外部로 발현되기 시작하는 시기는 대\ulcorner 變態 後 $1 \\sim 2$週가 경과한 뒤이며, 이 시기에 未分化된 pterinosome들이 나타나기 시작한다. 産卵 後 1年이 경과한 어린 개구리에서 발현되는 外部 體色은 성숙한 成體와 동일하였지만, 관찰되는 色素 顆粒의 形態는 carotenoid 축적의 정도가 낮은 상태이며, pterinosome의 分化도 成體에 비해 현저하지 않았다.

  • PDF

Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Mealy Bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) Affecting Mulberry

  • Govindaiah, Govindaiah;Gayathri, M.C.;Nagaveni, V.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
    • /
    • 제13권2호
    • /
    • pp.103-108
    • /
    • 2006
  • Efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of medicinal plants viz., Eucalyptus globulus, Ocimum sanctum and Piper betle were evaluated against the hatching of eggs, mortality of nymphs and mortality and fecundity of adult mealy bugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) under in vitro conditions. Totally seven concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 70 and 100 percent were tested against mealy bugs. The results revealed that with the increase in the concentration of extracts, there was a corresponding decrease in hatching, nymphal & adult mortality and fecundity in all the extracts tested. The hatching of eggs was minimum at 100 percent concentration in E. globulus (20.00%) followed by O. sanctum (30.42%) and P. betle (36.06%) over control (96.73%). The growth and development of nymphs and adults were adversely affected after the treatment. The nymphs did not attain the adult stage and there was total mortality of nymphs in different treatments. The duration of nymphal stage was reduced by 2-10 days in E. globulus, 1-7 days in O. sanctum and 1-2days P. betle at higher concentrations. However, at lower concentrations it was prolonged by 2-4 days in all the three extracts. At lower concentrations the mortality of adults was on par with the control. Similarly the adult duration was also reduced by 3-4 days at 100 percent concentration and prolonged by 5-6 days at lower concentrations in all the extracts. With the increase in concentrations of the extracts there was decrease in the fecundity of eggs. Thus, the leaf extracts of E. globulus was found to be most effective followed by O. sanctum and P. betle against mealy bugs.

넙치자어에 대한 cyclopoid copepod, Paracyclopina nana 의 먹이효과 (Food Value of Cyclopoid Copepod, Paracyclopina nana for Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Larvae)

  • 이균우
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제19권11호
    • /
    • pp.682-687
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 자어에 대한 요각류 Paracyclopina nana의 먹이가치를 평가하기 위해 두섭식 단계 (rotifer 섭식 단계와 Artemia 섭식 단계)로 나누어 각각 12일 및 16일 동안 수행되었다. Rotifer 섭식 단계 실험에서, 넙치 자어의 생존과 성장은 부화 12일째 rotifer만 공급했을 때 보다 P. nana (nauplii) 단독으로 공급했을 때 더 높게 나타났다. Arteima 섭식단계 실험에서, 부화 30일째 넙치자어의 성장은 P. nana (C4-adult) 단독 공급실험구와 혼합공급(P. nana+Artemia) 실험구가 다른 실험구에 비해 높게 나타났으나 넙치 자어의 생존은 모든 실험구가 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. P. nana nauplius와 성체(C4-adult)의 n-3 HUFA 함량은 각각 4.0%와 5.4%였다. 결과적으로, 기수산 요각류 P. nana는 해수어 종묘생산을 위한 초기생먹이로 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

Stages of Smoking Cessation among Malaysian Adults - Findings from National Health Morbidity Survey 2006

  • Lim, Kuang Hock;Ibrahim, Normala;Ghazali, Sumarni Mohd;Kee, Chee Cheong;Lim, Kuang Kuay;Chan, Ying Ying;Teh, Chien Huey;Tee, Eng Ong;Lai, Wai Yee;Nik Mohamad, Mohd. Haniki;Sidek, Sherina Mohd
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.805-810
    • /
    • 2013
  • Increasing the rate of smoking cessation will reduce the burden of diseases related to smoking, including cancer. Understanding the process of smoking cessation is a pre-requisite to planning and developing effective programs to enhance the rate of smoking cessation.The aims of the study were to determine the demographic distribution of smokers across the initial stages of smoking cessation (the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages) and to identify the predictors of smoking cessation among Malaysian adult smokers. Data were extracted from a population-based, cross-sectional survey carried out from April 2006 to July 2006. The distribution of 2,716,743 current smokers across the pre-contemplation stage (no intention to quit smoking in the next six months) or contemplation stage (intended to quit smoking in the next six months) was described. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the stages of smoking cessation. Of the 2,716,743 current smokers, approximately 30% and 70% were in the pre-contemplative and contemplative stages of smoking cessation respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that male gender, low education level, older age group, married and those from higher income group and number of cigarettes smoked were associated with higher likelihood of pre-contemplation to cease smoking in the next six months. The majority of current smokers in Malaysia were in the contemplative stage of smoking cessation. Specific interventions should be implemented to ensure the pre-contemplative smokers proceed to the contemplative stage and eventually to the preparation stage.

의사결정나무모형을 사용한 성인 생애주기별 취업 영향요인 분석 (Finding factors on employment by adult life cycle using decision tree model)

  • 곽민정;이성석
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
    • /
    • 제27권6호
    • /
    • pp.1537-1545
    • /
    • 2016
  • 세계적으로 유가하락과 더불어 경제가 침체되면서 우리나라도 저성장의 기조를 보이고 있고, 노동 시장에서는 취업난이 가중되고 있으므로 취업영향 요인을 파악하여 적절한 취업 정책을 수립하는 것이 절실한 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제17차년도 노동패널자료를 사용하여 취업에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 한다. 성인 생애주기는 청년기, 중장년기와 노년기로 구분하였으며 취업에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 인구통계학적 변수, 직업관련 변수 그리고 건강관련 변수를 고려하였다. 의사결정나무분석을 사용하여 분석한 결과 청년기에는 학력이 가장 중요한 요인이었으며, 중장년기에는 가장 중요한 요인이 성별이었고, 남성의 경우 건강상태, 여성의 경우, 직업훈련경험, 연령, 건강상태의 순으로 나타났다. 노년기에도 성별이 가장 중요한 요인이었고 그 다음으로 건강상태, 학력 등의 순으로 나타났다.

후기성인학습자를 위한 수리문해 프로그램 개발 (A Study for Numeracy program Development of the elderly generation)

  • 이형주;고호경
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
    • /
    • 제32권4호
    • /
    • pp.519-536
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 후기성인학습자를 위한 수리문해 프로그램 개발 연구이다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 수리문해의 성격을 조명하고 이를 통해 후기성인학습자들을 위한 수리문해 학습 내용을 선정하였다. 또한 선별한 수학 내용을 후기성인학습자의 경험에 기반한 실생활과 연관 지어 교수학습 자료를 개발하였다. 이러한 수리문해 프로그램을 후기성인학습자들에게 적용한 결과 학습초기 흥미와 같은 정의적 영역의 변화를 동반하며 학습이 지속됨에 따라 수학적 정형화 단계를 거쳐 수학적 정교화가 발현되는 양상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 후기성인들의 경험에 기반하여 후기성인을 위한 산술을 수리문해 측면에서 재정의함으로서, 비형식적인 후기성인학습자들의 문제해결과정을 정교한 수학적 문제해결 해결로 정당화시킬 수 있도록 후기성인학습자의 수학적 정교화에 기여할 수 있었다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

Morphological characteristics of Neural Tissue and Corazonin Neurons of Central Nervous System in Larval Stage of Scuttle Fly

  • Hohyun Park
    • 대한의생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제28권4호
    • /
    • pp.290-297
    • /
    • 2022
  • Through previous studies, the central nervous system (CNS) was collected by dividing the scuttle fly into larval, pupa, and adult stages by developmental stage, and the morphological characteristics were observed. In situ hybridization (ISH) using the collected central nervous system, it was possible to confirm the location and extent of expression of the neurotransmitter corazonin (Crz) at each stage of development. In this study, paraffin specimens were prepared using central nervous system tissues of 3rd instar larval stage of scuttle fly, which had completed in situ hybridization, and general histochemical staining (hematoxylin-eosin, H-E) and special histochemical staining (luxol fast blue-cresyl violet) was performed to observe the histological and cytological morphology characteristics of corazonin neurons. As a result, a variety of nerve cell body existed between many myelin sheath. The corazonin neurons compose cortex of central nervous system with other neurons congregating in this tissue and show larger cell body relatively in neurohistochemical analysis.