• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.989-993
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• 1995

Patent ductus arteriosus in adult is frequently complicated with aneurysm, calcification and pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in adult has some differences from that of infants and children. We have experienced 25 cases of adult patent ductus arteriosus from July 1983 to December 1994. Mean age of the patients was 26.6 years[16-59 years . There were 12 males and 13 females. Exertional dyspnea was the most frequent clinical manifestation. Pulmonary hypertension was present in eight patients. Ligation was done in 20 cases and surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass was done in 5 cases. There was one hospital death, which had a 5x5cm sized main pulmonary artery aneurysm and was operated under cardiopulmonary bypass. Recanalization occured in one patient who received Teflon-felt supported ligation. Although one case of recannalization after ligation was present, we believed the fact that ligation was safe and simple method of operation in adult patent ductus arteriosus without calcification and aneurysm.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1996

Acute pancreatitis(AP) in children is not common but can be associated with severe morbidity rates and its diagnosis is often delayed. Thus, reported mortality rates range from 0 to 78%. We have treated 26 patients with AP from 5 to 17 years of age over the past 17 years. We are intended to assess the relevance of the prognostic criteria used to assess severity of adult AP and to review the etiology, clilical presentation, diagnosis, and management of AP in children. The authors retrospectively reviewed 26 children with AP managed in Kyung Hee University Hospital from 1978 to 1995. Among 26 patients with AP, male were 12, and female were 14. And the mean age of patients was 11.8 years. In 9(34.6%), no definitive cause was identified. Common causes of AP were trauma(23.1%) and biliary tract disease(23.1%). Other etiologies were viral infection(15.4%) and post ERCP(3.8%). The presenting features were abdominal pain(92.3%), vomiting(61.5%), fever(19.2%), submandibular pain(11.5%), and abdominal mass(7.6%). Back pain was rare(3.8%). Abdominal ultrasonographic findings were abnormal in 10 of 16 patients(62.5%) and abdominal CT findings were abnormal for 9 of 9 patients(100%). Seventeen patients(65.3%) were managed conservatively, and nine patients(34.6%) required surgical treatment. There was no mortality. To evaluate the severity of disease, we used the Imrie prognostic criteria used to assess the severity in adult AP. The number of positive criteria was correlated to the duration of hospitalization(r2=0.91) but statistically insignificant(p>0.05). But, the number of positive criteria was correlated to the operative incidence(r2=0.93) and statistically significant(p<0.05). The common causes of AP in children were unknown origin(34.6%), trauma(23.1%), and biliary tract disease(23.1%). Ultrasonography and computed tomography were useful imaging tools of AP in children. The Imrie criteria used to evaluate the severity in adult AP were suspected to be valuable to assess the severity of AP in children.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

This is an investigative study to consider children's COA by parent's problem drinking and their psychological-social character by the COA. According to the results of this study, almost half of the children's COA, among those who have problem drinking parents, demonstrated high dangerous lever in the lower factors, such as emotional character, personnel relative character, and co-dependent character. Results of the inspection into the differences between the psyrhological-social characters, according to the danger lever of the children's COA, suggested the children's danger lever is higher, the self-efficiency and adaptable flexibility, which are the psychological-social characters, are lower, and there are no special differences in the social-support.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2009

This study examined the effectiveness of the Filial Therapy program for children with Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Subjects were 8 mother-child dyads each in the experimental and comparison groups. Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test were performed following the therapeutic program. After application of the Filial Therapy program, results showed that, compared to the control group, (1) parents of SAD children in the experimental group significantly increased their level of empathic interactions with their children. AND (2) the experimental group children significantly reduced level of somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, and social problems. Conclusions were that Filial Therapy is an effective program for improvement of parent-child relationship of SAD children but not for changing problem behavior of SAD children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-132
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• 1998

The present study investigated the construction of the moral concepts of 3-, 4-, and 5- year old Korean children. Instruments were the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument by Schaefer for mother and feather nurturing attitudes, and the Domain Distinctiveness Model for children's moral judgments. Maternal and teacher attitudes were categorized by the affection-rejection factor consisting of affection-affection, affection-rejection, rejection-affection, and rejection-rejection dimensions, and by the permissive, -control factor consisting of permissive-permissive, permissive-control, control-permissive, and control-control dimension. Children's data were collected with an individualized interview in which children were asked to judge moral and social conventional transgression events. 30 children were assigned to each of the maternal/teacher attitude dimensions; thus, there were 120 children for each factor. Results showed that (1) the affection-affection cohort was must strongly related to moral rules using both the seriousness criterion and deserved punishment criterion, and (2) the permissive-permissive cohort was most strongly related to reasoning and action. However, this cohort did not break out of children's structural limitation (limited responses to the intangible).

• 아동학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.3-17
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• 1998

Five metropolitan cities in Korea were the setting for a survey of the use of media by 622 families. Correlations with children's problem behavior, cognitive development, and family environment were analyzed. Parents completed questionnaires on media use by family members, children's problem behavior, and family environment. Children were tested individually with 4 sub-scales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. There were age as well as sex differences in the use of media. There were correlations between children's use of media and their problem behavior, intelligence, and family environment. Regression analyses revealed that the parents' use of media was the most important determinant of children's use of media. Therefore, adult media education as well as children's education is recommended as a way to improve the media environment for children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2016

목적: 선천성 심장병을 가진 소아와 성인에서 발생한 감염성 심내막염의 차이점을 찾아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2016년 5월까지 선천성 심장병이 있으면서 심내막염으로 입원 치료를 받은 소아 14예와 성인 11예를 대상으로 의무기록을 검토하였다. 결과: 소아는 모두 심내막염을 진단받기 전에 선천성 심장병을 진단받았고, 팔로사징이 가장 많았다. 성인은 4예만 선천성 심장병을 심내막염 전에 진단받았고, 심실중격결손이 가장 많았다. 심내막염 진단전 소아 6예, 성인 2예가 개심 교정 수술을 받았다. 원인균은 소아에서는 포도알균, 성인에서는 사슬알균이 가장 많았다. 증상 발현 후 심내막염이 진단되기까지 소아는 9일, 성인은 42일이 걸렸다. 결론: 소아 감염성 심내막염은 성인에 비해 진단과 경과에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 따라서, 감염성 심내막염의 진단과 치료에는 나이에 맞고, 체계적인 재평가가 필요할 것이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1034-1046
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• 2009

Based upon literature survey, this research aims to analyze western children's clothing and characteristics over centuries. It was not until the 18th century that children were given serious consideration and that fabrication of clothing began to be designed only for children. The very first clothes which revolutionized children's wear was 'a la matelot' in the 18th century which freed children from physical restriction, recognized gender difference, and sailor suit became popular among all sexes and adopted as school uniform. And then children's clothing was shortened in length and adopted tubular silhouette, which allowed greater comfort and movement. The 20th century saw children's wear reform to be carried out after the World War II due to invention of synthetic fiber, easy care dress material, mass production system and sophistication of marketing methods. Further evidence of improvement of children's social status can be found in contemporary designs: for example, 'casualized' wear, 'character design' which reflects children's psychology and 'family look' which is designed to be worn with mothers. This evolution of children's clothing within western dressing support the view that children's clothing is not a miniature of adult wear but it reflects idiosyncrasies of the era and exerts children's dignity.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2022

The children's clothing market continues to grow in Korea, despite the declining total fertility rate. This study aims to investigate the changes in Korean children's clothing market according to the launching time of brands. To this end, it analyzed 90 children's clothing brands in 2019. The results of this study are as follows. These children's clothing brands had been actively launched since 2000. Although the total fertility rate in Korea has dropped to approximately one percent, the number of children's clothing brands has increased significantly each year since 2005. Sixteen children's clothing brands were launched between 2005 and 2009, twenty-three were launched between 2010 and 2014, and thirty-five were launched between 2015 and 2019. Various brands are competing in Korean children's clothing market. Overseas brands have continued to expand their market share while the market share of domestic brands has decreased continuously. Clothing brands, including adult clothing brands other than children's clothing brands, are actively entering Korean children's clothing market. Many overseas, luxury, and sportswear brands have entered Korean children's clothing market. Many sportswear brands have launched children's clothing brands, with a significant increase since 2013. The results of this study show that Korean children's clothing market has changed from a local market to a global fashion market.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the planning device of outdoor environment of housing area for children. This study was accomplished the analyzation of opinion and preference of 230 children, elementary school students in Daegu. The contents of survey included the general items of children, the characteristics of outdoor activities, and the opinion & preference about outdoor space of housing area. And the survey of children's preference was used the 5 Likert scale. The conclusion of this study are as follows : First, generally, the design guidelines of housing area were provided to adult user, but the guidelines for children are limited at play space and park. So, the design guidelines of housing area must be provided by the children's opinion, pointment, and dissatisfaction. Second, children have the definite opinion and can point the preference about the outdoor space of housing area. So, children's opinion can not be bypassed in the process for planning of housing area. Third, children prefer the outdoor space that was furnished the facilities for convenience of the children's outdoor activities. So, exiting guideline of the outdoor space of housing area must improve to children.